Promoter Distortion and Opening in the RNA Polymerase II Cleft

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RNA聚合酶Ⅲ启动子的结构与功能

ＲＮＡ聚合酶Ⅲ (ｐｏｌⅢ )是真核生物催化合成ｔＲＮＡ和 5ＳｒＲＮＡ及一些核小ＲＮＡ和胞质ＲＮＡ必需的酶。ＲＮＡ聚合酶Ⅲ能够识别ｔＲＮＡ基因中一些高度保守的特征性ＤＮＡ序列而启动下游ＤＮＡ的转录 ,这些序列称为ＲＮＡ聚合酶Ⅲ启动子。ＲＮＡ聚合酶Ⅲ启动子不仅广泛存在于真核细胞中ｔＲＮＡ、Ｕ6核小ＲＮＡ(ＳＮＲ6 )等的基因中 ,也是病毒催化合成一些小片段ＲＮＡ如腺病毒ＶＡＲＮＡ所必需的。ＲＮＡ聚合酶Ⅲ启动子因其能在体内外高效快速地转录某些小片段基因 ,已被人们广泛地应用于核酶和反义ＲＮＡ技术中 ,在众多的ＲＮＡ…     

The Respiratory Syncytial Virus Polymerase Has Multiple RNA Synthesis Activities at the Promoter

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an RNA virus in the Family Paramyxoviridae. Here, the activities performed by the RSV polymerase when it encounters the viral antigenomic promoter were examined. RSV RNA synthesis was reconstituted in vitro using recombinant, isolated polymerase and an RNA oligonucleotide template representing nucleotides 1–25 of the trailer complement (TrC) promoter. The RSV polymerase was found to have two RNA synthesis activities, initiating RNA synthesis from the +3 site on the promoter, and adding a specific sequence of nucleotides to the 3′ end of the TrC RNA using a back-priming mechanism. Examination of viral RNA isolated from RSV infected cells identified RNAs initiated at the +3 site on the TrC promoter, in addition to the expected +1 site, and showed that a significant proportion of antigenome RNAs contained specific nucleotide additions at the 3′ end, demonstrating that the observations made in vitro reflected events that occur during RSV infection. Analysis of the impact of the 3′ terminal extension on promoter activity indicated that it can inhibit RNA synthesis initiation. These findings indicate that RSV polymerase-promoter interactions are more complex than previously thought and suggest that there might be sophisticated mechanisms for regulating promoter activity during infection.     

RNA聚合酶Ⅱ转录延伸因子

当RNA聚合酶Ⅱ(RNAPⅡ)离开启动子开始转录延伸时,会遇到包括紧密包装形成染色质的核小体在内的多种障碍,细胞内存在多种因子可协助RNAPⅡ克服这些障碍,保证转录的顺利进行。遗传和生化研究已经分离和鉴定了一些在此过程中起作用的延伸因子(elongation factor),现依据作用方式和效果对目前发现的主要延伸因子的研究进展进行了分类综述。