Rare non-albicans candida species detected in different clinical diagnoses

In working on the incidence of yeasts we excluded from the tested set C. albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis on the basis of morphological and biochemical properties. We found 16 rare species of yeasts: C. claussenii (16), C. guilliermondii (10), C. robusta (9), C. pulcherrima (8), C. zeylanoides (4), C. glabrata (3), C. lusitaniae (3), C. catenulata (2), C. mesenterica (2), C. utilis (2), C. freyschussii, C. intermedia, C. kefyr, C. lipolytica, C. mogii, C. pseudotropicalis (1 for each). These yeasts were detected mainly in cases of premature babies (22) from the nasopharynx (13), from the rectum (4), from the skin (23), from wound drains and from blood (1 for each), with gynaecological diagnoses (15) and rarely other diagnoses, such as malignancy (5), hypertension and respiratory infections (4 for each), kidney transplantation (3), dialysis, haemolytic-uremic syndrome (2 for each), perforation of gastric ulcus, otitis, prostatitis, ulcus cruris, coma, spina bifida, peritonitis and hepatic failure from different clinical material.     

延胡索的化学成分研究(英文)

采用现代分离技术和方法,从延胡索根茎中分离得到17个化合物,通过波谱分析鉴定其结构。包括11个生物碱类化合物,二氢白屈菜红碱(1)、去氢紫堇碱(2)、四氢非洲防己胺(3)、异紫堇球碱(4)、紫堇碱(5)、四氢黄连碱(6)、药根碱(7)、黄连碱(8)、小檗碱(12)、巴马汀(13)和延胡索乙素(14);2个蒽醌类化合物,大黄素(9)和大黄素甲醚(10);1个三萜类化合物,即3β-羟基-齐墩果烷-111,3(18)-二烯-28-酸(11)和3个甾醇类化合物,豆甾醇(15)、β-谷甾醇(16)和胡萝卜苷(17)。其中,化合物9～11首次从该属植物中分离得到,1首次从该种中分离得到。     

肾小球疾病儿童体内游离氨基酸含量的研究

为了研究小儿肾小球病变时体内游离氨基酸的代谢变化,采用丹酰氯聚酰胺薄层分析法研究了原发性肾病综合症（ＩＮＳ）８例、急性肾小球肾炎（ＡＧＮ）１２例、过敏性紫癜肾炎（ＡＰＮ）７例与正常对照组２９例的血清及红细胞内游离氨基酸含量的变化。结果表明：（１）此三种肾小球疾病,血清中苯丙氨酸（Ｐｈｅ）、脯氨酸（Ｐｒｏ）、色氨酸（Ｔａｐ）、赖氨酸（Ｌｙｓ）、甘氨酸（Ｇｌｙ）明显高于正常,导致酪／苯丙（Ｔｙｒ／Ｐｈｅ）、缬／甘（Ｖａｌ／Ｇｌｙ）等分子比降低,提示肾功能受损。（２）血清支链氨基酸（ＢＣＡＡ）的含量在ＩＮＳ中低于正常组（ｔ＝３．４８;Ｐ＜０．０１）,而在ＡＧＮ、ＡＰＮ中却高于正常组（ｔ分别为２．３３,２．３９,Ｐ＜０．０５）。（３）红细胞中丝氨酸（Ｓｒｅ）、苯丙氨酸（Ｐｈｅ）、色氨酸（Ｔｒｐ）、胱氨酸＋半胱氨酸（Ｃｙｓ）、天冬氨酸（Ａｓｐ）、谷氨酸（Ｇｌｕ）的含量ＡＰＮ组高于ＩＮＳ及ＡＧＮ,提示ＡＰＮ患儿中肾功能损害没有ＩＮＳ及ＡＧＮ严重。     

Novel Hepatozoon in vertebrates from the southern United States

Novel Hepatozoon spp. sequences collected from previously unrecognized vertebrate hosts in North America were compared with documented Hepatozoon 18S rRNA sequences in an effort to examine phylogenetic relationships between the different Hepatozoon organisms found cycling in nature. An approximately 500-base pair fragment of 18S rDNA common to Hepatozoon spp. and some other apicomplexans was amplified and sequenced from the tissues or blood of 16 vertebrate host species from the southern United States, including 1 opossum (Didelphis virginiana), 2 bobcats (Lynx rufus), 1 domestic cat (Felis catus), 3 coyotes (Canis latrans), 1 gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), 4 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 1 pet boa constrictor (Boa constrictor imperator), 1 swamp rabbit (Sylvilagus aquaticus), 1 cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus), 4 woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes and Neotoma micropus), 3 white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), 8 cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus), 1 cotton mouse (Peromyscus gossypinus), 1 eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), and 1 woodchuck (Marmota monax). Phylogenetic analyses and comparison with sequences in the existing database revealed distinct groups of Hepatozoon spp., with clusters formed by sequences obtained from scavengers and carnivores (opossum, raccoons, canids, and felids) and those obtained from rodents. Surprisingly, Hepatozoon spp. sequences from wild rabbits were most closely related to sequences obtained from carnivores (97.2% identical), and the sequence from the boa constrictor was most closely related to the rodent cluster (97.4% identical). These data are consistent with recent work identifying prey-predator transmission cycles in Hepatozoon spp. and suggest this pattern may be more common than previously recognized.     

Effect of bleeding site on clinical laboratory testing of rats: orbital venous plexus versus posterior vena cava.

We sought to determine if there were any differences in the results of clinical laboratory tests between blood samples collected from the orbital venous plexus and the posterior vena cava of adult male rats. Thirty healthy adult male Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized by ether inhalation, and blood samples were collected successively from the orbital venous plexus (OVP) and the posterior vena cava (PVC) for hematologic (n = 10), serum chemistry (n = 10), and coagulation (n = 10) analyses. The prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times of samples from the OVP were prolonged (17% and 288%, respectively) when compared with samples from the PVC. Respective hematologic biases were as follows: red blood cell count (7%), hemoglobin (6%), hematocrit (5%), mean corpuscular volume (-3%), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (-1%), mean corpuscular hemoglobin content (1%), white blood cell count (13%), and platelet count (-7%). Respective serum chemistry biases were as follows: sorbitol dehydrogenase (-7%), glucose (-7%), blood urea nitrogen (-10%), creatinine (-2%), total protein (4%), albumin (2%), globulin (9%), alkaline phosphatase (5%), lactate dehydrogenase (-6%), aspartate aminotransferase (-5%), alanine aminotransferase (-2%), total bilirubin (0%), direct bilirubin (0%), magnesium (-17%), sodium (4%), potassium (0), chloride (4%), calcium (-2%), phosphorous (-17%), cholesterol (3%), triglycerides (24%), creatinine kinase (-8%), 5'nucleotidase (0%), and total bile acids (4%). For hematologic testing, there were no biologically significant differences between samples collected from the OVP and PVC. The coagulation times and serum Mg and P showed biologically significant differences between samples collected from the OVP and PVC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

藏药翁布的酚性成分研究

从藏药翁布(Myricaria germanica)的60％丙酮提取物中进行了进一步研究,从中共分离得到了11个化合物.利用光谱和波谱分析法,分别鉴定为阿魏酸(1),松柏醇(2),阿魏酸葡糖苷(3),异落叶松脂醇(4),咖啡酸(5),对羟基桂皮酸(6),没食子酸(7),3,5-二羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸(8),杜鹃醇(9),3-甲氧基-4-羟基-苯甲酸(10)和3,4,5-三羟基肉桂酸(11).化合物1～11均为首次从该植物中分得,其中1～6和8～11为首次从水柏枝属植物中分离得到.     

Purification and N-terminal amino-acid sequences of bacterial malate dehydrogenases from six actinomycetales strains and from Phenylobacterium immobile, strain E

Malate dehydrogenases from Streptosporangium roseum (DSM 43021), Planomonospora venezuelensis (DSM 43178), Microtetraspora glauca (ATCC 23057), Actinoplanes missouriensis (DSM 43046), Streptomyces atratus (ATCC 14046), Kibdelosporangium aridum (ATCC 39323), and from Phenylobacterium immobile, strain E (DSM 1986) were purified to homogeneity. The N-terminal amino-acid sequences were determined and compared with known prokaryotic and eukaryotic sequence data. The partial sequences from Actinomycetales enzymes include a string of amino acids which is also present in the N-terminal region of malate dehydrogenases from Thermus flavus and from mammalian cytoplasm.     

Bioactive products from Okinawan marine micro- and macroorganisms

New bioactive natural products have been recently isolated from marine dinoflagellates, marine-derived fungi, marine sponges, and tunicates. AmphidinolidesG (1), H (2), X (3), and Y (4) are cytotoxicmacrocyclicmetabolites separated from marine dinoflagellates Amphidinium sp. Speradine A (5), modiolides A (7) andB (8), sculezonones A (9) and B (10), seragakinone A (11), dictyonamides A (12) and B (13), and sporiolides A (14) and B (15) are secondary metabolites obtained from marine-derived fungi. The absolute stereochemistry of iejimalide B (17), a cytotoxic macrolide isolated from a marine tunicate, has been determined, while plakevulin A (20), an oxylipin metabolite, has been isolated from an Okinawan marine sponge Plakortis sp. In this review the isolation, structure elucidation, and bioactivities of these marine natural products are described.     

何首乌的酚类成分研究

运用多种色谱学方法对德庆产何首乌(Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.)块茎的化学成分进行了分离,根据波谱数据鉴定了8个化合物,分别为physcion-8-β(6'-O-acetyl)ghcoside(1),大黄素-3-甲醚-8-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2),大黄素(3),表儿茶素(4),决明酮-8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5),2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6),对羟基苯甲醛(7)和5-羧甲基-7-羟基-2-甲基色原酮(8).化合物1,7和8均为首次从何首乌中分离得到.     

转座子Tn5对柠檬酸细菌的诱变

含自杀性质粒 PJB4JI：：Mu：：Tn5的大肠杆菌1830与四株柠檬酸细菌作接合杂交均能获得Kanr转移接合子。其中一株(c-3-1)的Kayr转移接合子中绝大部分对庆大霉素敏感。鉴别了3000个这样的转移接合子菌落获得了2l株营养缺陷型,其中赖氨酸1株,尿嘧啶1株,精氨酸2株,异亮氨酸2株,组氨酸2株,甲硫氨酸株,苯丙氨酸1株,酪氨酸1株,丝氨酸1株,苏氨酸1株,亮氨酸3株,脯氨酸1株,腺嘌呤3株和乳糖利用1株。用琼脂糖电泳检查部分营养缺陷型突变体DNA均未发现自杀性质粒PJB4JI：：Mu：：Tn5,以32p标记的Tn5 DNA为探针与每个营养缺陷型的染色体作杂交均看到了Tn5 DNA同源序列的存在。由此得出结论,这些营养缺陷型产生于转座子Tn5从自杀性质粒PJB4JI到c-3-1染色体的转座。     

Evaluation of culture results of specimens from patients with suspected anaerobic infection.

In order to establish the etiological agents of anaerobic infections, 154 clinical specimens collected from patients with suspected anaerobic infection were cultured under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Bacteria were isolated from 111 (72%) of these specimens. Only aerobes were recovered from 48 (43%), only anaerobes from 31 (28%) and both aerobes and anaerobes from 32 (29%) of the 111 specimens. A total 83 anaerobic bacteria including Bacteroides fragilis group (28%), Porphyromonas (19%), Peptostreptococci (10%), Prevotella (17%), Clostridia (12%), Fusobacteria (10%), Veillonella (2%) and Eubacteria (2%) were identified. Anaerobes were most commonly isolated from peritoneal fluid followed by joint fluid, abscess and endometrial materials, blood, soft-tissue biopsy and draining material.     

藏药翁布的黄酮类化学成分研究

从藏药翁布(Myricaria germanica)的60%丙酮提取物中分离得到了11个黄酮类化合物,利用光谱、波谱分析法鉴定其结构分别为:35,,4’-三羟基-73,’-二甲氧基黄酮(1),3,5,4’-三羟基-7-甲氧基黄酮(2),3,5,3’,4’-四羟基-7-甲氧基黄酮(3),35,7,-三羟基-4’-甲氧基黄酮(4),柽柳素(5),山柰酚(6),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)5,,7,4’-三羟基-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸(8),5,7,3’4,’-四羟基-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸(9),槲皮苷(10)和阿福豆苷(11)。上述化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物4、5、7～11为首次从水柏枝属植物中分离得到。     

射干叶中异黄酮类化学成分的研究

从海南产射干叶中分得8个异黄酮类化合物,通过理化常数测定和光谱分析其化学结构分别鉴定为鸢尾黄酮新苷A(iristectorin A,1)、野鸢尾苷(iridin,2)、鸢尾苷(tectoridin,3)、鸢尾苷元(tectorigenin,4)、次野鸢尾黄素(irisflorentin,5)、染料木素(genistein,6)、染料木苷(genistin,7)、樱黄素(Prunetin,8)。所有化合物均为首次从射干叶中分离得到,其中化合物7和8为首次从鸢尾科植物中分离。     

New or noteworthy species of Leguminosae in NE tropical Africa

The following new species are described: Chamaecrista dunensis (Somalia), Acacia densispina (Somalia), A. flagellaris (Somalia), Tephrosia karkarensis (Somalia), T. scopulata (Somalia), Indigofera ancistrocarpa (Kenya), I. curvirostrata (Ethiopia), I. hiranensis (Somalia), I. karinensis (Somalia), I. kucharii (Somalia), I. nugalensis (Somalia), I. pellucida (Kenya, Somalia), I. sabulosa (Ethiopia, Somalia), I. sessilis (Somalia), I. ienuirostris (Somalia), Rhynchosia megalocalyx (Somalia), Crotalaria allophylla (Somalia), C. intricata (Somalia), C. warfae (Somalia), and Coronilla somalensis (Somalia). 2n = 22 is reported in Tephrosia karkarensis. Cassia somalensis, Acacia puccioniana, Sophora somalensis , and Crotalaria sennii are reduced to synonyms of respectively Senna hookeriana, Dichrostachys kirkii, Millettia usaramensis and Crotalaria boranica subsp. trichocarpa . Thirty-seven taxa are reported from Somalia for the first time, including Ptycholobium biflorum , known previously only from Southern Africa. Crotalaria pieropoda , known previously only from Socotra, is reported from Somalia and Oman. Neptunia oleracea and Vatovaea pseudolablab are new generic records for respectively Ethiopia and Oman. The fruits of Indigofera boranica are described. Vigna somaliensis and an allied species are discussed. Rhynchosia gansole is lectotypified and its flowers and fruits are described.     

Evidence for false aneuploid peaks in flow cytometric analysis of paraffin-embedded tissue

It has recently been shown that bimodal histograms with false aneuploid peaks may be obtained by DNA flow cytometry from histologically normal tissue allowed to autolyze. To investigate if such peaks can be generated from surgically excised archival tissue, 198 paraffin blocks from 179 patients containing histologically normal spleen (n = 65), liver (n = 26), thyroid (n = 32), pancreas (n = 19), salivary gland (n = 49), or lymph node tissue (n = 7), obtained from the archives of two university pathology departments, were analyzed for nuclear DNA content. The great majority (n = 160, 83.8%) of the 191 interpretable histograms had a single symmetrical G1 peak; and 8 histograms, all produced from liver tissue had a tetraploid pattern. A slight or a prominent repeatable deviation in the G1 peak outline was present in 14 (7.3%) cases. A peak resembling an aneuploid G1 peak with a DNA index (DI) ranging from 1.14 to 1.38 was repeatedly produced from 9 (4.7%) blocks containing histologically normal or inflamed splenic (n = 3), pancreatic (n = 3), liver (n = 1), thyroid (n = 1), or lymph node (n = 1) tissue. The three abnormal peaks produced from pancreatic tissue were rounded in shape and resembled closely the ones that can be obtained from autolytic pancreatic tissue, and the six remaining extra peaks were all fused with the "diploid" peak. In conclusion, false peaks, probably caused by degradation of the nuclear contents during formalin fixation or before it, may rarely be obtained from surgical paraffin-embedded samples.     

Separation and Identification of Chemical Constituents of Dysosma majorense(Gagn.)Hsiao et Y. H. Chen,nov comb

Ten compounds, namely physcion (Ⅰ), podophyllotoxone (Ⅱ), isopicropodophyllone (Ⅲ), picropodophyllone (Ⅳ), 4'-demethyl-podophyllotoxone (Ⅴ), dehydropodo- phyllotoxin (Ⅵ), diphyllin (Ⅶ), picropodophyllin (Ⅷ), podophyllotoxin (Ⅸ) and 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin (Ⅹ), were separated from Dysosma majorense (Gagn.) Hsiao et Y. H. Chen, nov comb. Compound Ⅳ was first isolated from natural source and anthraquinone Ⅰ was first isolated from genus Dysosma. Ⅴ, Ⅷ and Ⅹ showed strong acttve inhibited against P388.     

Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk

Six steroid alkaloids, imperialine (Ⅰ), imperialine-3β-D-glucoside (Ⅱ), peimissine (Ⅲ), imperialine N-oxide (Ⅳ), cycloparnine (Ⅴ), and cycloposine (Ⅵ) were isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk. Their structures were determined from spectral data and chemical evidences. Imperialine N-oxide was first obtained from nature.     

Isozyme Studies in Predicting the Potential Yield of Heterosis in Maize

Electrophoretic isozyme zymogram patterns of peroxidase (POD), cytochrome oxidase (COD), esterase (Est), α-amylase (α-Amy), catalase (Cat), Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), Malate dehydrogenase (MDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (Acp), etc. obtained from 108 maize inbred lines and their 199 hybrids were analyzed. The soluble protein patterns from these materials were tested as well. The authors had probed into the relationship between the index of zymogram difference and potential yield of heterosis in maize. The results indicated that hybrids from parents which showed high zymogram difference index could produce high heterosis and those from parents which had low zymogram difference index could also produce high heterosis as well. But hybrids from the sister lines which had lower zymogram difference index could only produce lower heterosis. There was no significant statistical difference between isozyme zymogram difference index and potential yield of heteroSis on a genetic background with complex combinaton.     

Studies on Chemical Compositions of Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don

Eleven compositions isolated from Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don were identified as n-C34H69OH (1), β-sitosteryl stearate (2), β-sitosterol (3), sciadopitysin (8), podocarpusflavone B (12), robustaflavone-7"-methyl ether (13), podocarpusflavone A(14), robustaflavone (15), p-hydroxyl benzoic acid (16), 2"-O-rhamnosylscopariu (23), 2"-O-rhamnosyl vitexin (24) on the basis of physical constants and spectral data. Among them, compound 8, 13 and 15 were found from the species for the first time. Compound 113 and 24 were reported from Podocarpaceae for the first time. The ethanol extract of P.neriitolius showed obvious cytotoxicity against A-549 and HT-29.     

南海中华小尖柳珊瑚中嘌呤和嘧啶类化合物的研究

对采自海南三亚的中华小尖柳珊瑚Muricella flexuosa的化学成分进行研究,采用反复硅胶柱色谱法、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱法及重结晶等手段对化合物进行分离和纯化,通过理化性质及光谱分析并结合文献对照,鉴定得到11个嘌呤、嘧啶类化合物:咖啡碱(1),1,7-二甲基次黄嘌呤(2),1-甲基次黄嘌呤(3),7,9-二甲基-6-氮甲基嘌呤-8-酮(4),7-甲基腺嘌呤(5),1,7-二甲基嘌呤-6,8-二酮(6),尿嘧啶(7),胸腺嘧啶(8)2,’-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(9)2,’-脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷(10),3-乙基-2’-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(11)。其中化合物2～61,1为首次从该属中分离得到,化合物4和11为新的天然产物。