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1.
Research over the last three decades has provided convincing evidence to support the premise that diets rich in fruits and vegetables may be protective against the risk of different types of cancers. Initial evidence for protective effect of fruits and vegetables against cancer risk came from population-based case-control studies, which prompted intense research aimed at (a) identification of bioactive component(s) responsible for the anticancer effects of fruits and vegetables, (b) elucidation of the mechanisms by which bioactive food components may prevent cancer, and (c) determination of their efficacy for prevention of cancer in animal models. The bioactive components responsible for cancer chemopreventive effects of various edible plants have now been identified. For instance, anticancer effect of Allium vegetables including garlic is attributed to organosulfur compounds (e.g., diallyl trisulfide). Interestingly, unlike cancer chemotherapy drugs, many bioactive food components selectively target cancer cells. Molecular basis for selectivity of anticancer bioactive food components towards cancer cells remains elusive, but these agents appear promiscuous and target multiple signal transduction pathways to inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Despite convincing observational and experimental evidence, however, limited effort has been directed towards clinical investigations to determine efficacy of bioactive food components for prevention of human cancers. This article reviews current knowledge on cancer chemopreventive effects of a few highly promising dietary constituents, including garlic-derived organosulfides, berry compounds, and cruciferous vegetable-derived isothiocyanates, and serves to illustrate complexity of the signal transduction mechanisms in cancer chemoprevention by these promising bioactive food components. 相似文献
2.
Pranav D. Pathak Nikhil Manoj Puranik Swapnil Jaygopal Jambhulkar Bhaskar D. Kulkarni 《Critical reviews in biotechnology》2018,38(2):218-230
Potato is the fourth main crop consumed worldwide and is an important constituent in the human diet. Consequently, potato is widely used in food-processing industries. However, these industries generate massive amounts of potato peel (PP) as a by-product, which is usually considered a waste, and is discarded. Interestingly, recent research suggests that PP is a valuable source of bioactive compounds, which can be converted into value-added products. In this study, we review the physicochemical composition and valorization of PP. In addition to being used as a dietary fiber or medicine, the value-added products obtained by the fermentation of PP have multiple uses, including their use as adsorbents, biocomposites and packaging materials. These products can also be used in energy production, biopolymer film development, corrosion inhibition and the synthesis of cellulose nanocrystals. The biorefinery approach for PP will increase the value of this waste by producing an array of value-added products and reducing extensive waste generation. 相似文献
3.
《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2018,12(8):1672-1681
The present research studied the effect of a dietary inclusion with Hermetia illucens larvae meal (Hi) on rainbow trout’s fillets chemical composition. The effect of Hi inclusion in diets on rainbow trout chemical characteristics was evaluated. Trout were fed three different diets: control (C, no Hi inclusion), 25% and 50% of substitution of fish meal with Hi (Hi25 and Hi50, respectively). Fillets were analysed to quantify proximate composition, carbohydrates percentage, colour parameters, nucleotides concentration, fatty acids profile, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic concentrations. Diets did not affect proximate composition. Contrariwise, Hi50 diet decreased fillet yellowness and both substitution percentages affected negatively adenosine monophosphate concentration. Saturated fatty acids, mostly C12 : 0, increased their contents in relation with Hi inclusion at the expense of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated (both n-3 and n-6) fatty acids. Less modifications were reported in VOCs as only heptanal and octanal concentrations were affected, no new compounds appeared in relation with Hi inclusion. No modifications in proteins patterns were shown even if myofibrillar content decreased in trout fed Hi50. The results highlighted that chemical modifications occurred in fillets were related to the chemical composition of the H. illucens meal and to the percentage of inclusion in the diet. Substitution of fish meal with a precisely percentage of H. illucens meal could be a potential future solution in order to decrease the quantity of fish meal used in aquafeeds. 相似文献
4.
Aleksandar
. Kosti&#x; Pe&#x;a Jana&#x;kovi&#x; Stefan M. Kola&#x;inac Zora P. Daji&#x; Stevanovi&#x; 《化学与生物多样性》2020,17(6)
Herbal drugs are a useful source of different bioactive compounds. Asteraceae species, as the most widespread vascular plants, can be used both as food and as medicine due to the great diversity of recorded chemical components – different phenolic compounds, terpenes, carotenoids, vitamins, alkaloids, etc. The Balkan Peninsula is characterized by great diversity of plants from Asteraceae family, including presence of rare and endemic species. In this review, results of the survey of chemical composition and biological activity, mainly focusing on antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects of selected Balkans’ Asteraceae species were provided. In addition, information on edible plants from Asteraceae family is presented, due to growing interest for the so‐called ‘healthy diet’ and possible application of Balkans’ Asteraceae species as food of high nutritional value or as a source of functional food ingredients. 相似文献
5.
虫草及相关真菌的次生代谢产物及其活性 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
全面系统地总结了目前在虫草及相关真菌中次生代谢产物研究方面的最新成果,发现目前在虫草及其密切相关的虫生真菌中共报道272个有具体结构的化合物,其活性涉及杀虫、抗癌、抗菌、免疫调节和抗疟原虫等多方面。这些化合物主要来源于20余种虫草、虫草无性型或与虫草密切相关的虫生真菌。虽然近年来有关虫草中生物活性代谢物的研究受到世界各国广泛关注,但仍有90%以上虫草及相关虫生真菌种类中尚无任何具体成分的研究报道,因此有关研究尚需要进一步深入。 相似文献
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虫草及相关真菌的次生代谢产物及其活性 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
全面系统地总结了目前在虫草及相关真菌中次生代谢产物研究方面的最新成果,发现目前在虫草及其密切相关的虫生真菌中共报道272个有具体结构的化合物,其活性涉及杀虫、抗癌、抗菌、免疫调节和抗疟原虫等多方面。这些化合物主要来源于20余种虫草、虫草无性型或与虫草密切相关的虫生真菌。虽然近年来有关虫草中生物活性代谢物的研究受到世界各国广泛关注,但仍有90%以上虫草及相关虫生真菌种类中尚无任何具体成分的研究报道,因此有关研究尚需要进一步深入。 相似文献
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Macroalgae are a diverse group of marine organisms that have developed complex and unique metabolic pathways to ensure survival in highly competitive marine environments. As a result, these organisms have been targeted for mining of natural biologically active components. The exploration of marine organisms has revealed numerous bioactive compounds that are proteinaceous in nature. These include proteins, linear peptides, cyclic peptides and depsipeptides, peptide derivatives, amino acids, and amino acid–like components. Furthermore, some species of macroalgae have been shown to contain significant levels of protein. While some protein‐derived bioactive peptides have been characterized from macroalgae, macroalgal proteins currently still represent good candidate raw materials for biofunctional peptide mining. This review will provide an overview of the important bioactive amino‐acid‐containing compounds that have been identified in macroalgae. Moreover, the potential of macroalgal proteins as substrates for the generation of biofunctional peptides for utilization as functional foods to provide specific health benefits will be discussed. 相似文献
10.
大型真菌是一类药用资源极为丰富的真菌,许多大型真菌具有显著的抗肿瘤活性。本文综述了源于大型真菌的具有抗肿瘤活性的小分子物质,如萜类、酚类、苯并吡喃酮类和甾类等。以期对大型真菌的活性筛选、化学分析和开发利用提供帮助。 相似文献
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糖多孢菌属的多相分类 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在糖多孢菌属的分类学研究中,最初是根据形态特征、培养特征及生理生化特征等表观分类学指征进行研究。随着“多相分类”方法的广泛应用,化学分类和分子分类在糖多孢菌属的分类学研究中起到越来越重要的作用。糖多孢菌是寻找新的生物活性物质的重要菌源,某些种能产生重要的生物活性物质,如抗生素、酶类、维生素、藻类促生长因子、纤维素降解促进因子、免疫抑制剂等。 相似文献
13.
This study was carried out to assess the nutritional composition of Protaetia brevitarsis larvae (Pbl) reared on different feed materials. Four different types of feed materials were used to rear Pbl prior to nutritional analysis. The results show that the new formulation of feed material enhanced the crude fat content of Pbl by 75%, compared with the control. A marked increase in unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and oleic acid, by 100% compared with the control, in Pbl reared on the new formulation of feed material was also observed. 相似文献
14.
Latency of food anticipatory activity (FAA) in greenback flounder Rhombosolea tapirina was about 21 days. Fish fed at meal sizes of 0·25 and 0·5% W day−1 exhibited FAA under meal durations of 1, 3 and 7 h. Fish fed at 1·5% W day−1 showed FAA only at a meal duration of 1 h. At each meal size, FAA was shorter and lower the longer the duration of the meal. The mean durations of FAA and post-feeding activity were correlated positively ( r =0·87; P <0·01; n =7). FAA persisted for <3 days during food deprivation. It is suggested that greenback flounder was capable of evaluating the energetic and temporal impacts of a single daily meal. 相似文献
15.
粘细菌(myxobacteria)是一类具有多细胞群体行为特征的药源微生物类群。粘细菌能通过次级代谢产生大量结构新颖并具有生物活性的小分子天然产物,还能分泌种类、功能丰富多样的酶类。这些生物活性产物使粘细菌不仅具有重要的研究价值,还有广泛的应用前景。然而,资源挖掘困难、次级代谢产物得率低等制约因素的存在严重阻碍了粘细菌的研究和应用。本文主要对粘细菌的生物学特征、生物活性产物、生物合成调控及在医疗、农业和食品上的应用进行归纳总结,并结合已有成果对粘细菌研究存在的问题提出可能的对策和展望,为今后粘细菌的深入研究和资源开发利用提供参考。 相似文献
16.
《Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience》2020,14(1):95-107
In addition to a multifactorial etiology of nutritional, social and environmental stressors, post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs is often related to infection with specific pathogens such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). In swine farming operations, the incidence of PWD is a global concern and is associated with an unbalanced gut status, resulting in poor performance and high antimicrobial consumption via prophylaxis and metaphylaxis. Increases in antimicrobial resistance are reinforcing an already-urgent need for sustainable, alternative solutions for maintaining optimal gut health in livestock. Tannin-rich plants and extracts contain bioactive compounds that could be of great interest in this respect. This review describes how the use of tannins around weaning could be beneficial for pigs, with special emphasis on the reduction of ETEC-related PWD. An overview of the broad chemical diversity of tannins is presented together with their physicochemical and biological properties, as well as how they may be metabolized in the digestive tract. The pharmacological effects exerted by tannins are summarized; more precisely, the possible mechanisms by which tannins can disrupt the different steps of the pathogenesis of ETEC-related PWD are highlighted. The factors affecting the bioactivity of tannins are also discussed, shedding light on the importance of chemical structure among different tannins. 相似文献
17.
Rudy Caparros Megido Taofic Alabi Stéphane Larreché Louxinger Alexandra Éric Haubruge Frédéric Francis 《法国昆虫学会纪事》2013,49(3):215-258
In a context of dwindling lands and resources, associated with a strong dependence on protein for feed and food, new methods of production and/or new food must be developed without affecting the quality of food, natural habitat and biodiversity of animal and vegetable species. As such, insects appear more and more as a solution of the future. To date, the consumption of insects is indicated by the term “entomophagy”, from the Ancient Greek “entomos” meaning insect and “phagos” meaning food. In such a context, a global evaluation of entomophagy seems essential before allowing the introduction of this practice in animal and human feed. Firstly, through this review, elements concerning the potentialities of insect valorization and their nutritional qualities will be brought. Secondly, the environmental impact of such a practice as well as the biological, chemical, physical or sanitary risks and even the potential presence of allergens and antinutritional factors will be approached. Thirdly, a review of the current European regulations will be proposed. Finally, reflections will be brought on the economic perspectives of entomophagy. 相似文献
18.
Hironobu Iinuma Meiki Matsuzaki Toshiharu Nagatsu Tomio Takeuchi Hamao Umezawa 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(11):2107-2111
Dopastin produced by a pseudomonas is a potent inhibitor of dopamine β-hydroxylase. Kinetic studies with the purified enzyme indicated that inhibition by dopastin was of the uncompetitive type to the substrate and of the competitive to the cofactor, ascorbic acid. The nitrosohydroxylamino group of dopastin was found to be essential in inhibition of dopamine β-hydroxylase. Both racemic and natural dopastins showed the same activity. Dopastin showed significant hypotensive effect to spontaneously hypertensive rats and phytotoxicity to barley germination. 相似文献
19.
Cardoon is a multi‐purpose and versatile Mediterranean crop, adapted to climate change, with a wide spectrum of potential applications due its added value as a rich source of fibers, oils and bioactive compounds. The Cynara species are a component of the Mediterranean diet and have been used as food and medicine since ancient times. The important role of cardoon in human nutrition, as a functional food, is due to its high content of nutraceutical and bioactive compounds such as oligofructose inulin, caffeoylquinic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, sesquiterpenes lactones, triterpenes, fatty acids and aspartic proteases. The present review highlights the characteristics and functions of cardoon biomass which permits the development of innovative products in food and nutrition, pharmaceutics and cosmetics, plant protection and biocides, oils and energy, lignocellulose materials, and healthcare industries following the actual trends of a circular economy. 相似文献
20.
Hans Meisel 《Peptide Science》1997,43(2):119-128
Biologically active peptides derived from milk proteins are inactive within the sequence of the precursor proteins but can be released by enzymatic proteolysis. Based on structure-activity studies, peptides with a defined bioactivity show common structural features. Moreover, many milk protein-derived peptides reveal multifunctional bioactivities. Bioactive peptide fragments originating from milk proteins should be taken into account as potential modulators of various regulatory processes in the body. Opioid peptides are opioid receptor ligands with agonistic or antagonistic activities. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides can exert an antihypertensive effect. Immunomodulating casein peptides have been found to stimulate the proliferation of human lymphocytes and the phagocytic activities of macrophages. Antimicrobial peptides have been shown to kill sensitive microorganisms. Antithrombotic peptides inhibit the fibrinogen binding to a specific receptor region on the platelet surface and also inhibit aggregation of platelets. Casein phosphopeptides can form soluble organophosphate salts and may function as carriers for different minerals, especially calcium. In relation to their mode of action, bioactive peptides may reach target sites (e.g., receptors, enzymes) at the luminal side of the intestinal tract or, after absorption, in peripheral organs. The physiological significance of bioactive peptides as exogenous regulatory substances is not yet fully understood. Nevertheless, several bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins have been shown to exert beneficial physiological effects. Milk-derived peptides were already produced on an industrial scale and as a consequence these peptides have been considered for application both as dietary supplements in “functional foods” and as drugs. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 43: 119–128, 1997 相似文献