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1.
Maria C. Silva Edmilson J. Marques Liliane M. Silva Reginaldo Barros José V.M. Lima Filho 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》2012,22(5):583-599
Northeastern Brazil has been little explored in the search for Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) variants for the control of agricultural pests such as Plutella xylostella (L.) and Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). The aim of this study was to isolate B. thuringiensis from soil and insect samples collected from the northeastern states and to evaluate their lethal and sublethal activities against the neonate larvae of P. xylostella and S. frugiperda. One hundred and four isolates were bioassayed and visualised for the presence of crystals. Bipyramidal crystals were present in 31% of the isolates. In pathogenicity tests, 13 and 19 isolates caused >30% mortality in P. xylostella and S. frugiperda, respectively. The Laboratory of Insect-Toxic Interactions (LIIT)-4311 isolate was the most toxic for P. xylostella, with toxicity similar to B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Dipel® WP) and B. thuringiensis var. aizawai (Xentari® WDG). For S. frugiperda, the LIIT-4311, LIIT-4306 and LIIT-4406 isolates were more active than B. thuringiensis var. aizawai. The LIIT-4311 and LIIT-4306 isolates caused high rates of larval growth inhibition in both P. xylostella and S. frugiperda. These results suggest a broad distribution of B. thuringiensis variants in areas of northeastern Brazil. Because LIIT-4306 and LIIT-4311 provided the highest levels of toxicity and larval growth inhibition for both P. xylostella and S. frugiperda, these isolates can be exploited to develop new technologies for pest management. 相似文献
2.
P.G. Mason A.M. Brauner J.H. Miall A.M.R. Bennett 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》2013,23(3):260-276
We report successful overwintering of Diadromus pulchellus in North America (Ontario) following introduction of this species from Europe to control the leek moth, Acrolepiopsis assectella, a recently established alien species. Field rearing revealed that the native Diadromus subtilicornis emerged only from diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, whereas D. pulchellus was reared almost exclusively from leek moth. The single D. pulchellus reared from diamondback moth was anticipated because host range studies found this species could develop on both leek moth and diamondback moth in the laboratory, although, it had not been previously reported from diamondback moth in the field in Europe. DNA barcoding of specimens of both Diadromus spp. confirmed their species status and novel morphological characters are presented to distinguish D. pulchellus from D. subtilicornis. In addition, DNA from specimens of D. subtilicornis from Europe clustered with DNA from specimens across Canada, confirming that it is a single Holarctic species. Finally, a new host association for D. subtilicornis is recorded from the dame's rocket moth: Pseudoplutella porrectella. 相似文献
3.
通过连续两年的田间试验,系统、全面地研究了棉花对棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)的形态抗虫作用。研究结果表明:在小区试验条件下,以百株累积卵量、百株平均幼虫量及百株平均蕾铃受害量为考察指标,红叶可使危害减轻28.1%、31.45%和36.O%;鸡脚叶可使其下降19.0%、25.4%和28.4%;窄卷苞叶使其降低25.8%、32.9%和34.0%;光叶使各指标分别降低32.7%、35.1%和37.3%。高棉酚(油腺)抗性主要表现为对幼虫的抗生作用,使幼虫量下降了45.1%,使蕾铃受害量下降了51.4%。此外,研究还表明,两种抗虫性状的抗性效果有累加作用,鸡脚叶与红叶联合作用使三项指标分别下降达48.3%、55.2%和57.9%;红叶与窄卷苞叶则使危害减轻了52.7%、58.3%和60.6%;具有光叶与较密油腺两个抗虫性状的品种受害可减轻29.9%、54.9%和58.3%。将一些具有相对性状的品种进行杂交,其F1有不同的抗虫表现。红叶、鸡脚叶和光叶品种与其对照杂交后的F1代因在不同程度上保持了抗虫性状故能表现出抗性,而窄卷苞叶品种与其对照杂交后F1代苞叶正常,则未能表现出抗性。因小区条件限制了无蜜腺抗性的表达,无蜜腺小区未表现出明显差异。 相似文献
4.
【目的】通过抗药性监测掌握滇中通海和滇西弥渡菜区小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)种群对3种生物农药的抗药性水平及其变化趋势,为抗性治理提供技术支持。【方法】2008—2015年,在室内采用浸叶法测定了云南两个菜区小菜蛾种群对阿维菌素、多杀菌素和苏云金杆菌的抗药性。【结果】2008年抗药性测定结果表明,滇中通海、滇西弥渡菜区小菜蛾对阿维菌素和多杀菌素的抗药性水平均为高抗,对阿维菌素LC50值分别34.017和25.688 mg/L,抗性倍数为1 700.85和1 284.40倍;对多杀菌素LC50值分别13.728和19.830 mg/L,抗性倍数为114.40倍和165.25倍,两菜区对多杀菌素的抗性也为高抗;两菜区小菜蛾对苏云金杆菌敏感,LC50值分别0.530和0.538 mg/L,抗性倍数为2.04倍和2.07倍,属于抵抗水平。到2015年,通海和弥渡菜区小菜蛾种群对阿维菌素的抗性倍数分别下降到了455.70倍和255.05倍,下降趋势显著,但两菜区仍属高抗水平;对多杀菌素的抗药性下降趋势不显著,抗性倍数分别为35.56倍和75.28倍,为中抗水平,但年度间变化幅度较大,LC50为0.885~19.830 mg/L;两菜区对苏云金杆菌仍敏感,抗性倍数分别为5.41倍和1.73倍。【结论】总体上,2008—2015年度间有差异,通海和弥渡菜区小菜蛾种群对3种药剂的抗药性基本一致,对阿维菌素和多杀菌素的抗药性有所下降,但仍处于高抗水平,对苏云金杆菌一直保持在抵抗水平,建议生产上可以轮换使用苏云金杆菌,以提高对小菜蛾的持续控制效果。 相似文献
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Handsen Tibugari Peter Jowah Ronald Mandumbu Charles Karavina 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(20):2445-2453
The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) is a destructive pest of brassicas globally. Control of the pest is dominated by insecticides. Studies have shown that in some African countries, there is a great reliance on broad spectrum insecticides such as pyrethroids, organophosphates and carbamates, that are applied weekly or twice per week. Use of unregistered insecticides has also been reported. The quality of insecticide application has also been reported to be poor or ineffective. It is therefore not surprising that DBM is fast developing resistance to the major insecticides used against it. Adopting an integrated pest management strategy may be a good arsenal to use against the pest. 相似文献
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In response to reports of failures of sprays to control Plutella xylostella infestations in vegetable-growing areas around Adelaide in 1991, the extent of resistance to six insecticides in several South Australian populations of P. xylostella was determined. Populations sampled from vegetable crops in the Adelaide region were five- to 200-fold resistant to organophosphates (chlorpyrifos, methamidophos and mevinphos), eight- to 400-fold resistant to pyrethroids (esfenvalerate and permethrin) and six-fold resistant to the carbamate methomyl compared with a susceptible strain. Mevinphos and esfenvalerate were the most effective of the tested insecticides. These, together with Bacillus thuringiensis products, have continued until 1998 to be used almost exclusively for the control of P. xylostella in South Australian vegetable crops in the absence of any resistance management strategy. 相似文献
7.
小菜蛾区域性抗药性治理技术研究——公益性行业(农业)科研专项“十字花科小菜蛾综合防控技术研究与示范推广”研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
专项围绕我国蔬菜产业发展及食品安全需求,在2008年前期行业科研专项研究的基础上,综合应用多学科的理论和技术,以抗药性治理为核心,系统深入研究了我国小菜蛾种群灾变规律、灾变机制、预测预警、抗药性监测、抗药性机制、抗药性治理策略与关键技术体系,丰富了小菜蛾种群抗药性治理的基础理论,紧密结合实际,显著提升了我国对小菜蛾的防控技术水平,并对其它虫害的研究与防治具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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【目的】为了准确掌握典型春油菜种植区小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)种群变化动态和抗药性现状。【方法】诱捕法调查了青海高原小菜蛾成虫发生动态、室内用浸渍法测定了小菜蛾田间种群的抗性倍数,并进行了田间药效试验。【结果】青海省小菜蛾一般一年发生3代,但2 500 m以上的地区第3代成虫数量较第1代、第2代明显下降。在我省高原春油菜区,每日20:00至次日晨4:00是小菜蛾成虫发生主要的时间段。小菜蛾在青海省不能越冬。湟中点小菜蛾对溴虫腈产生低水平抗性;对多杀菌素、丁醚脲产生中等抗性水平;对Bt、高效氯氰菊酯、茚虫威产生高水平的抗性;对阿维菌素、啶虫隆、氯虫苯甲酰胺产生极高水平抗性。互助点小菜蛾对溴虫腈、丁醚脲产生低水平抗性;对多杀菌素、啶虫隆产生中等抗性水平;对Bt、氯虫苯甲酰胺、茚虫威产生高水平抗性;对阿维菌素产生极高水平抗性。小菜蛾的抗性监测结果与田间药效结果基本一致,溴虫腈的抗性倍数最低,田间防治效果好于其他参试药剂。【结论】青海省小菜蛾年发生代数较少,且不能越冬。春油菜田小菜蛾已对大部分农药产生了抗药性。 相似文献
9.
新型转基因棉花的生长特性及其对棉田昆虫群落的影响是转基因棉花环境安全评价的重点内容,也是转基因棉花环境安全评价过程必须评价的内容。选用新型转ACO2基因棉花及其亲本中棉所24为试验材料,于2013年和2014年在河南安阳进行了田间棉花生长势及其对昆虫群落影响的试验。在棉花苗期、蕾期、花铃期和铃期,转基因棉花叶片干重与其亲本均无显著差异,苗期、蕾期叶面积和比叶面积与亲本无显著差异,花铃期、铃期叶面积与比叶面积均显著高于亲本材料,其中2013年分别比对照高27.1%和26.2%,2014年分别高16.0%和19.9%,差异均达显著水平;株高、主茎叶片数、大铃数、小铃数和蕾铃脱落数均与亲本材料相当,但铃期果枝数显著高于亲本材料;3个棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera Hubner)发生高峰期,转优质基因棉花对棉铃虫和甜菜夜蛾幼虫校正死亡率与亲本对照材料无显著差异;昆虫群落、害虫亚群落和天敌亚群落昆虫个体总数均显著高于亲本棉田,两年分别比对照高11.5%、10.5%、33.4%和12.0%、8.1%、63.1%,其中2013年差异达显著水平,2014年由于昆虫发生程度总体较轻,差异不显著,但所属\"目\"、\"科\"、\"种’、生物多样性指数、优势种昆虫及其优势度与其亲本棉田无显著差异,表明外源基因ACO2导入后,对棉田昆虫发生及其群落结构没有影响,棉花生长势无明显优势,但产量构成性状在部分时期增强。上述研究初步明确了新型转基因棉花生存竞争势态和棉田昆虫群落发生规律与动态,可为新型转基因棉花环境安全评价提供理论依据,同时为转基因棉花环境安全评价积累科学数据。 相似文献
10.
小菜蛾抗药性及其治理对策的研究进展 总被引:23,自引:2,他引:23
小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.)的抗药性研究是一项全球性的重要课题。本从其抗药性发展、抗药性机理研究进展、抗药性检测及研究手段的状况、抗药性治理对策等方面,对小菜蛾抗药性的研究进展进行综述。目前,对小菜蛾抗药性的分子水平上的探讨甚少。 相似文献
11.
陆地棉棉叶甲醇提取物包含了棉花的大部分单宁-黄酮类化合物。这些化合物对棉花多种病虫害具有抗性作用。将这些化合物定量加入人工饲料中饲养棉铃虫龄幼虫5d,结果表明,培儿茶素、缩合单宁、芸香苷和异槲皮苷在饲料中的浓度增加均与幼虫体重生长呈显著负相关,ED50分别为0.81%,0.49%,0.57%和0.83%;儿茶素则不存在这种关系;用含0.8%的浓度桔儿茶素、缩合单宁,芸香苷和异槲皮苷的饲料测试棉铃虫,发现随取食量的增加,相对生长率的增加显著低于对照(不含次牛物质),即这些物质属于慢毒剂,而儿茶素仅有阻食作用。 相似文献
12.
K. D. Ninsin 《Journal of Applied Entomology》2004,128(6):445-451
Abstract: A diamondback moth (DBM) colony (KOBII) originally collected from cabbage fields of Iwaoka-cho in Kobe City, Japan, where acetamiprid is the primary insecticide for DBM control was selected for studies on resistance to acetamiprid, phenthoate, esfenvalerate and cartap, using the leaf-dipping method. Resistance to acetamiprid was slow to develop in KOBII compared with the other insecticides. Three selection experiments each with phenthoate and esfenvalerate yielded a resistance ratio (RR) of 140 and 222, respectively, in the selected strains compared with a part of KOBII that was not exposed to any insecticide (KOBII-NS). Three selection experiments with cartap also gave an RR of 15. However, six selection experiments with acetamiprid yielded an RR of just 9.5 in the selected strain. When cross-resistance to acetamiprid was evaluated, the cartap-resistant strain showed a moderate level of cross-resistance to acetamiprid. In the case of the phenthoate-resistant strain, a very low cross-resistance to acetamiprid was observed. There was however no discernible cross-resistance to acetamiprid in the esfenvalerate-resistant strain. 相似文献
13.
Marcelo Dimase Sebe Brown Graham P. Head Paula A. Price Wade Walker Wenbo Yu Fangneng Huang 《Insect Science》2021,28(4):1147-1158
A seed blend refuge has been implemented in the U.S. Corn Belt for Bt maize resistance management. The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a target pest of Bt maize in the Americas. The larvae of this pest are mobile, which may affect the efficacy of seed blend refuges. In this study, field and greenhouse trials were conducted to determine the performance of Bt-susceptible (aabb) and -heterozygous dual-gene-resistant (AaBb) genotypes of S. frugiperda in seed blends of non-Bt and pyramided Bt maize. Three field trials evaluated larval survival, larval growth, and plant injury with aabb in seed blends of Bt maize expressing Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Vip3A with 0–30% non-Bt seeds. Greenhouse tests investigated the performance of aabb and AaBb in seed blends of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 with 0–30% non-Bt seeds. In pure non-Bt maize plots, after 9–13 d of neonates being released on the plants, 0.39 and 0.65 larvae/plant survived with leaf injury ratings of 4.7 and 5.9 (Davis's 1–9 scale) in the field and greenhouse, respectively. In contrast, live larvae and plant injury were virtually not observed on Bt plants across all planting patterns. Larval occurrence and plant injury by aabb on non-Bt plants were similar between seed blends and pure non-Bt plantings, suggesting that the blended refuges could provide an equivalent susceptible population as structured refuge under the test conditions. In the greenhouse, the two insect genotypes in seed blends performed similarly, indicating that the seed blends did not provide more favorable conditions for AaBb over aabb. The information generated from this study should be useful in managing S. frugiperda and evaluating if send blends could be suitable refuge options for Bt resistance management in the regions where the insect is a primary target pest. 相似文献
14.
针对我国小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)严重为害及高抗药性的现状,在华南、华中、华东、华北和西南等具代表性地区开展小菜蛾灾变规律、抗性监测及治理、越冬迁飞、抗性机理及可持续防控技术研究集成与示范。灾变规律研究结果表明,我国各地小菜蛾的年发生世代从北至南呈逐渐增加趋势,各地小菜蛾发生起始峰时间从南至北逐渐向后推移,每年不同区域有一至两个发生高峰,年度间受温度和降水等气候因素、天敌等生物因子以及耕作制度等人为操作等多种因素的影响。抗性监测及治理研究显示,全国5个十字花科蔬菜主产区小菜蛾对11种代表性杀虫剂都有较强的抗药性,不同药剂在全国的抗药性水平有很大差异,在华南、西南和华东十字花科蔬菜主产区抗性水平相对较高,华中和华北呈现抗性上升趋势,并根据抗性监测结果制定区域性抗性治理策略。越冬和迁飞研究证明,武汉至驻马店区域为小菜蛾的越冬北限,小菜蛾存在远距离迁移的特性,并确定小菜蛾有迁入迁出和迁入定殖两种迁飞模式。抗性机理研究结果表明,小菜蛾对Bt制剂、阿维菌素、氟虫腈、茚虫威和丁醚脲的抗性遗传方式不同,各药剂交互抗性普也存在差异。可持续防控技术方面,制定了适合各区域的小菜蛾可持续防控技术体系,并在华南、华东、华北、华中和西南等地区建立了45个示范基地,依区域不同分别示范推广具区域特色的以农业措施、生物防治、生态调控和合理用药为主的可持续防控等技术,累计印刷技术宣传手册16万份,培训各类农民和基层农技人员5.19万人次,累计示范面积近4万公顷,带动技术示范近20万公顷,取得了显著的经济、社会和生态效益。 相似文献
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Two point mutations (F1845Y and V1848I) in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of Plutella xylostella are involved in the target-site resistance to sodium channel blocker insecticides (SCBIs). The contribution of the individual mutations to the SCBI resistance and the associated inheritance modes is as yet unclear. Through 2 rounds of single-pair crossing and marker-assisted selection, 2 P. xylostella strains (1845Y and 1848I) bearing homozygous F1845Y or V1848I mutant alleles were successfully established from a field-collected population, and the contribution of each mutation to SCBI resistance, as well as associated inheritance patterns, was determined. When compared with the susceptible SZPS strain, each of the mutations individually conferred equally high-level resistance to indoxacarb (378 and 313 fold) and metaflumizone (734 and 674 fold), respectively. However, dominance levels of resistance to SCBIs were significantly different between the 2 resistant strains. Resistance of the 1845Y strain to indoxacarb and metaflumizone was inherited as an autosomal and incompletely dominant trait (D values ranged from 0.43 to 0.76). In contrast, that of the 1848I strain followed an autosomal but incompletely recessive to semidominant mode (D values: −0.24 to 0.09). Our findings enriched the current understanding of inheritance and mechanisms of SCBI resistance in P. xylostella, and will help develop resistance management programs for P. xylostella and other economic pests. 相似文献
17.
Abstract: The improved cDNA representational difference analysis was preliminarily used to analyse the genetic differences between the deltamethrin-susceptible and -resistant strain of the diamondback moth. The driver amplicon is the cDNA from the susceptible strain while the tester amplicon is from the resistant strain. After four rounds of subtractive hybridization, we obtained one different product, the size of which was about 200 bp. Comparisons between our sequencing results and data in GenBank show that there is one sequence which has a relatively high homology to the ubiquitin gene, but there are no reports indicating that its upregulated expression is correlated with insecticide resistance. Hence further studies are warranted. 相似文献
18.
Michele Gevinski Otolakoski Bianca Zampieron Bagio Brenda Gallina Viegas Crislaine Sartori Suzana Milan Jaqueline Huzar-Novakowiski 《The Annals of applied biology》2023,183(3):254-261
Silicon can increase the natural defence of plants against stresses including herbivorous insects. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is one of the forms of silicon, and despite its wide use in the industrial sector, its use in agriculture is still poorly adopted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of foliar application of SiO2 in inducing defence against Spodoptera frugiperda in soybean. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomised design with four treatments (0%, 1%, 2.5%, and 5% of SiO2). The effect on cannibalism, biological parameters (mortality, duration of the larval stage, duration of the pupal stage and pupal weight) and wear on the mandible of S. frugiperda were evaluated. The foliar silicon content was also determined. The supply of SiO2 prolonged the duration of the larval and pupal stages of the S. frugiperda by 0.56 and 0.17 days for each 1% of SiO2 applied, respectively. The use of SiO2 at 5% increased the mortality rate of caterpillars in the larval stage by approximately 25%. There was no effect of SiO2 application on cannibalism and weight of S. frugiperda pupae. There was wear on the caterpillars' jaws in the third and fourth instar at the highest SiO2 concentration. The application of SiO2 promoted greater accumulation of silicon in soybean leaves. It is concluded that the foliar application of SiO2 affects the biological performance of S. frugiperda through the induction of defence in the soybean crop and presents itself as a promising strategy in integrated pest management programmes. 相似文献
19.
Fangneng Huang 《Insect Science》2021,28(3):574-589
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a major target pest of Bt crops (e.g., corn, cotton, and soybean) in North and South America. This pest has recently invaded Africa and Asia including China and the invasion has placed a great threat to the food security in many countries of these two continents. Due to the extensive use of Bt crops, practical resistance of S. frugiperda to Cry1F corn (TC 1507) with field control problems has widely occurred in Puerto Rico, Brazil, Argentina, and the mainland United States. Analyzing data generated from decade-long studies showed that several factors might have contributed to the wide development of the resistance. These factors include (1) limited modes of action of Bt proteins used in Bt crops; (2) cross-resistance among Cry1 proteins; (3) use of nonhigh dose Bt crop traits; (4) that the resistance is complete on Bt corn plants; (5) abundant in initial Cry1F resistance alleles; and (6) lack of fitness costs/recessive fitness costs of the resistance. The long-term use of Bt crop technology in the Americas suggests that Bt corn can be an effective tool for controlling S. frugiperda in China. IRM programs for Bt corn in China should be as simple as possible to be easily adopted by small-scale growers. The following aspects may be considered in its Bt corn IRM programs: (1) use of only “high dose” traits for both S. frugiperda and stalk borers; (2) developing and implementing a combined resistance monitoring program; (3) use “gene pyramiding” as a primary IRM strategy; and (4) if possible, Bt corn may not be planted in the areas where S. frugiperda overwinters. Lessons and experience gained from the global long-term use of Bt crops should have values in improving IRM programs in the Americas, as well as for a sustainable use of Bt corn technology in China. 相似文献