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拉曼显微光谱是一种能够提供0.5–1.0μm空间分辨率的单个微生物细胞内化学结构信息的研究技术。近几年来,拉曼显微光谱被越来越多地应用于微生物单细胞的研究中,它可以快速无损地检测微生物细胞内的特征化学组分。典型的单个微生物细胞的拉曼光谱包含核酸、蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂质和色素(例如类胡萝卜素)等信息,这些信息能够表征微生物细胞的基因型、表型和生理状态。所以单细胞拉曼显微光谱是一种可用于区分微生物样品的"全生物指纹"技术,它可用于研究单个微生物细胞生命阶段的转变、鉴定微生物单细胞中的色素及其他化合物的含量变化等。本文综述了目前拉曼显微光谱在微生物单细胞研究上的应用,主要包括与稳定同位素标记(stable isotope probing,SIP)、拉曼成像、光谱分类和细胞分选技术结合来探究微生物单细胞对物质吸收后特征峰的变化、推导物质循环过程、进行微生物分类鉴定和探索基因型与表型的关系。拉曼显微光谱作为微生物单细胞研究的手段之一,在代谢过程的研究、活细胞分选和细胞对物质的利用上具有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
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快速准确地识别和鉴定微生物对于环境科、食品质量以及医学诊断等领域研究至关重要。拉曼光谱(Raman spectroscopy)已经被证明是一种能够实现微生物快速诊断的新技术,在提供微生物指纹图谱信息的同时,能够快速、非标记、无创、敏感地在固体和液体环境中实现微生物单细胞水平的检测。本文简单介绍了拉曼光谱的基本概念和原理,重点综述了拉曼光谱微生物检测应用中的样品处理方法及光谱数据处理方法。除此之外,本文概括了拉曼光谱在细菌、病毒和真菌中的应用,其中单独概括了拉曼在细菌快速鉴定和抗生素药敏检测中的应用。最后,本文阐述了拉曼光谱在微生物检测中的挑战和展望。 相似文献
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细菌是人类最常见的致病源之一,不仅严重危害人类健康和公共卫生安全,还带来了巨额的医疗支出。快速而准确的细菌检测对细菌感染的治疗具有重要的意义。光谱检测方法不但可以快速实时地获得细菌的分类、含量以及功能状态等信息,而且具有操作简单、非侵入性的优势,在细菌检测领域具有巨大的潜力。本文介绍了拉曼光谱、太赫兹光谱、可见光和近红外光光谱、荧光光谱在细菌检测方面的研究与应用,并对可见光和近红外光光谱的分子机制——光靶点,包括含有视网膜发色团的细菌视紫红质(CBCRs)、带有四吡咯发色团的拟菌植物色素、带有对香豆酸发色团的光活性黄蛋白(PYP)、带有黄素单核苷酸(FMN)的光氧压力(LOV)结构域、带有黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸(FAD)发色团的隐色剂和含有FAD的蓝光感应域等进行了阐述。最后,针对现有细菌光谱检测技术的优缺点提出了细菌检测技术的优化策略,希望对细菌的光谱检测研究提供帮助。 相似文献
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利用表面增强拉曼光谱技术分析温度及pH值对H1N1亚型流感病毒增殖的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)是一种基于纳米颗粒的拉曼光谱,可以高灵敏度地检测流感病毒等重要病原微生物,鉴定不同毒株间的差异。为了建立一种快速检测流感病毒SERS的方法,本实验利用SERS技术对流感病毒H1N1亚型不同毒株在不同温度和pH值的条件下进行了病毒毒价强弱的检测,将流感病毒样品与金纳米颗粒混合静置后用拉曼共聚焦显微镜进行激光扫描。结果显示在pH为7.2、温度为37℃的条件下3个H1N1亚型的毒株SERS检测结果显示均出现至少1个大于(或等于)3 000的峰值,该状态下病毒毒价最强,最适合病毒生长。另外,细胞生物学方法与SERS技术结果一致,检测中均表现出较好的稳定性和准确性。 相似文献
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In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980. 相似文献
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N. P. Vesselkin Yu. V. Natochin 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2010,46(6):592-603
Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms.
The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal
mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization
followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The
mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction
of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms
are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning
of physiological systems and organs of the living organism 相似文献
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