粉尘螨消化系统的形态学观察

光镜下观察了粉尘螨Dermatophagoides farinae消化系统结构,其组成包括：口前腔、前肠、中肠、后肠、肛门和唾液腺。口前腔由颚体围绕而成;前肠包括一个肌肉的咽和食道,食道从脑中穿过;中肠分为前中肠（包括一对盲肠）和后中肠,中肠的上皮细胞呈现多种形态; 后肠包括相对大的结肠和狭窄的直肠;消化腺为不规则形,位于脑前方。本文阐述了消化道的分支情况、显微结构及细胞形态。     

粉尘螨生殖系统超微结构的透射电镜观察

本研究主要采用透射电镜观察粉尘螨Dermatophagoides farinae (Hughes)生殖系统超微结构。粉尘螨雄性生殖系统是由精巢、 输 精管、 附腺、 射精管、 交配器官及附属交配器官组成。精巢内可同时有精子发育各阶段的细胞。精子无核膜、 核染色质聚集成束、 线 粒体缺乏典型的嵴、 胞质内有平行排列的电子致密薄片等为其特征性结构。雌性生殖系统由交合囊、 交合囊管、 储精囊、 囊导管、 卵 巢、 输卵管、 子宫及产卵管构成。卵巢内可见含多个细胞核的中央细胞, 其周为卵母细胞等生殖细胞。该研究丰富了对粉尘螨生殖系统 结构的认识。     

橙黄豆粉蝶生殖系统形态学研究

解剖并描述了橙黄豆粉蝶Colias fieldii Ménétriés的生殖系统结构。结果表明:橙黄豆粉蝶雄性内生殖器包括精巢(睾丸)、2个贮精囊、2条输精管、1对复射精管、2根附腺和单射精管。其中2个睾丸体彼此密接似单一器官包被在半透明的睾丸膜中,单射精管较长且分化为形态不同的4段。外生殖器包括抱器瓣、阳茎及其附属结构;雌性内生殖器由1对卵巢、2根侧输卵管、1根中输卵管、肾型受精囊、附腺、外生殖腔及产卵孔组成。卵巢左右对称,每个卵巢具4根多滋式卵巢管。外生殖器包括导精管、囊导管、交配囊及其附属结构、前后表皮突和肛突。     

长蛸生殖系统的形态学与组织学观察

运用解剖学和组织学方法对长蛸(Octopus variabilis)生殖系统的形态结构进行了研究.结果表明,长蛸雌雄异体并异形,雄性右侧第三腕茎化.长蛸雌性生殖系统由一个卵巢、成对的输卵管及输卵管腺组成.卵巢壁上发出一条线状具分支的生殖索,米粒状的滤泡以卵柄连接至生殖索上.每个滤泡是由单层滤泡细胞围绕着一个卵母细胞构成.输卵管形成丰富的纵行褶皱,黏膜上皮具有纤毛.输卵管腺含有两种类型腺细胞.雄性生殖系统包括精巢、输精管前段、储精囊、摄护腺、盲囊、输精管后段和精荚囊.精巢内部被结缔组织分隔成许多精小叶,精原细胞由小叶壁中的生殖上皮产生,并向小叶腔中逐步分化成精子.输精管前段、盲囊和摄护腺所分泌的黏液物质共同参与精荚的形成.储精囊和输精管后段形成较多的纵行褶皱,输精管后段上皮游离面的纤毛可运输生殖细胞.精荚囊的作用则是贮存精荚,囊壁中的平滑肌利于长蛸交配时精荚的排出.     

大鲵生殖系统发育研究

大鲵是我国特有的大型有尾两栖类,是国家二类保护动物,在医药、食用和观赏等方面都有一定的价值。笔者通过41尾幼体,29尾成体的浸液标本的解剖,观察了大鲵生殖系统的发育变化,大鲵的幼体外鳃萎缩后,性分化基本分明。体长在260毫米以上的个体,性腺发育基本成熟,参与繁殖。     

中国东南沿海8种蛸的齿舌形态学研究

近几十年来,依赖于物种表型特征的捕述[1-3],有关头足类种质鉴定和分类体系构建等方面的研究工作不断得到完善和补充[4-6].与分子遗传学标记不同,形态特征受环境因子(如水温、盐度、底质等)影响,而且这些变异的遗传组成又很难确定.     

沙棘木蠹蛾生殖系统形态学和组织学观察

沙棘木蠹蛾Holcocerus hippophaecolus Hua,Chou,Fang et Chen属鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)木蠹蛾科(Cossidae),是我国的特有种.2001年以来,沙棘木蠹蛾在我国大面积爆发,是屹今为止我国沙棘林最大的蛀干害虫,给我国的沙棘产业造成了巨大的损失.本论文从形态学和组织学2个方面确定了沙棘木蠹蛾雌、雄生殖系统的特征,同时,对比了雄性交尾前后生殖系统各部位的差异.未交尾雄蛾的生殖系统贮精囊、附腺管和射精管呈白色,其内包含大量的精子束待交尾,已交尾雄蛾的生殖系统呈透明或半透明状.除雄性附腺外,在交尾后的精巢、贮精囊和射精管中都能观察到真核精子束.通过上述对雄性生殖系统的形态学和组织学观察,尤其是对贮精囊和射精管中精子束观察,可判断精子束的填充状态,从而判断雄蛾交尾与否,能够检验性信息素引诱剂对沙棘木蠹蛾的防治效果,确立判断雄蛾交尾与否的标准对指导沙棘木蠹蛾防治具有重要意义.     

3种蛾类雄性内生殖系统形态学研究

为了探究蛾类昆虫新的有效分类特征,本研究对直脉青尺蛾Geometra valida、白雪灯蛾Chionarctia niveus和多斑豹蠹蛾Zeuzera multistrigata雄性内生殖系统进行了解剖观察和形态学比较。结果表明：3种蛾类雄性内生殖系统均由精巢、贮精囊（前贮精囊和后贮精囊）、输精管、复射精管、单射精管（单射精管原节和单射精管表皮节）和附腺组成;种间形态差异表现在贮精囊的形状及连接方式、复射精管的形状及长短、单射精管和附腺的长度等方面,这些鉴别特征可为蛾类分类及系统发育研究提供形态学借鉴。     

泥螺生殖系统的组织学

泥螺为雌雄同体。生殖系统包括交媾器和生殖器本部。交媾器包括刺激器、阴茎和摄护腺;生殖器本部主要包括两性腺、缠卵腺和蛋白腺。刺激器和阴茎都具有非常发达的肌肉组织,腔壁游离面具纤毛。阴茎腔壁为单层柱状细胞;摄护腺被膜为一层薄的肌纤维,里面具有许多分泌细胞;缠卵腺被膜为单层扁平上皮,下层为环肌,腺体组织由分泌小管构成。蛋白腺主要由皮质层和导管层组成,皮质层内充满了分泌细胞,导管层由许多分泌小管构成,管壁为柱状腺细胞。     

屋尘螨成螨形态的扫描电镜观察

【目的】利用扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscopy, SEM）观察屋尘螨Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus颚体、 躯体、 外生殖器及足等的形态结构。【方法】从床尘、 枕尘中采集屋尘螨, 分离出雌雄成螨, 在体视显微镜下清洗处理活螨后, 用SEM观察其外部形态特征。【结果】SEM照片显示, 屋尘螨螯肢钳状, 须肢扁平; 体表具细密皮纹, 似指纹状, 纹间距小于2 μm。外生殖器位于腹面正中, 雌螨为产卵孔, 雄螨生殖孔具1对叶状生殖盖。肛门呈纵行裂孔, 雄螨具2个肛吸盘。雌螨足跗节末端各具爪垫1个, 雄螨跗节Ⅳ具2个吸盘。【结论】本研究观察结果为尘螨鉴定提供了更多依据。     

Short communication. Clustering reduces water loss by adult American house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae)

We investigated male clustering behaviour in large bulk cultures of the American house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae. Aggregation in the colony was restricted to males only. The water loss rates for individual males in isolation and as a group of six were determined. Males in a group of six retained water nearly twice as effectively (they had lower rates of net water loss) than individuals. Clustering is thus an adaptive behaviour to help reduce water loss. Because the clustering response was observed exclusively by males, this behaviour may serve an additional purpose that involves a pheromone system.     

Contamination of Passenger Trains with Dermatophagoides (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) Mite Antigen in Japan

Passenger trains were surveyed for contamination with Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouesart) mites in Japan. A total of 492 dust samples were collected from upholstered seats in six commuter trains, one long-distance express train and three night trains in October, 1996 and January, April, and July, 1997. Mite antigen levels contained in fine dust fractions of these samples were measured by an enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay. Most samples obtained from commuter trains showed relatively high mite antigen levels of >10gm^–2 (corresponding to >100 mites). Express and night trains showed lower antigen levels per square meter, but higher mite antigen levels per gram of fine dust than commuter trains, indicating relatively high mite antigen densities. Seasonal comparisons indicated that commuter trains showed the highest mean antigen level per square meter in winter (January), whereas the highest antigen level per gram of fine dust was observed in summer (July) in express and night trains.     

Acaricidal effects of herb essential oils against Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) and qualitative analysis of a herb Mentha pulegium(pennyroyal)

This experiment was undertaken to screen the acaricidal effects of herb essential oils (pennyroyal, ylang ylang, citronella, lemon grass, tea tree, and rosemary) at different doses (0.1, 0.05, 0.025, 0.0125, and 0.00625 microliter/cm(2)) and exposure times (5, 10, 20, 20, 30 and 60 min) on house dust mites Dermatophgoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus. The most effective acaricidal components of pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) were analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Of these essential oils, the most effective was pennyroyal, which is composed essentially of pulegone (> 99%), at a dose of 0.025 microliter/cm(2), which at an exposure time of 5 min killed more than 98% of house dust mites. In the pennyroyal fumigation test, the closed method was more effective than the open method and maximum acaricidal effect was 100% at 0.025 microliter/cm(2), 60 min. The results show that herb essential oils, in particular, pennyroyal was proved to have potent acaricidal activity.     

A palynological study of the genus Mentha L. (Lamiaceae)

The pollen morphology and exine structure of 10 Mentha L . species were investigated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains of all 11 species were hexazonocolpate with granular membranes and a circular amb, varying in shape from prolate-spheroidal to suboblate. Different colpus shapes were recognized in M . ×  dumetorum . The exine was bireticulate in section Pulegium , and reticulate in section Menthae . A correlation was found between pollen size and chromosome number. The results indicate that the pollen characters of the genus Mentha are valuable for taxonomic applications and may be useful for classification.  © 2008 Uludag University. Journal compilation © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2008, 157 , 141–154.     

斑衣蜡蝉雌性生殖系统超微结构

【目的】明确斑衣蜡蝉Lycorma delicatula雌成虫生殖系统整体形态及超微结构特征,为蜡蝉总科昆虫分类及系统发育探讨提供更多形态学证据。【方法】采用光学显微镜与透射电子显微镜,观察斑衣蜡蝉雌成虫生殖系统整体形态和各主要器官的超微结构。【结果】斑衣蜡蝉雌成虫生殖系统主要包括1对卵巢、1个中输卵管、1个交配囊、1个交配囊管、1个前阴道、1个后阴道、1个受精囊、1个受精管和2根受精囊附腺。卵巢为端滋式,由14根卵巢小管组成,卵室由固有膜、滤泡细胞和卵细胞组成,卵巢小管中的滋养细胞清晰可见;中输卵管位于前阴道基部,由中输卵管腔、上皮细胞、肌肉鞘和基膜组成;交配囊膨大呈圆球状,囊壁由上皮细胞、肌肉层和基膜组成;交配囊管呈圆柱状,连接交配囊和后阴道,由肌肉鞘、上皮细胞层和管腔组成;前、后阴道超微结构相似,主要由肌肉鞘、基膜、上皮细胞和管腔组成,但后阴道上皮细胞细胞核周围存在分泌颗粒,且管腔内有大量微绒毛,而前阴道壁内包含有大量囊泡结构;受精管从中输卵管末端延伸至受精囊,由基膜、厚层肌肉鞘和管腔组成;受精囊为受精管近末端略膨大的囊状结构,由肌肉鞘、基膜、上皮细胞和囊腔构成;雌性受精囊附腺着生于受精囊末端,为均匀的螺旋管状,主要由肌肉层、上皮细胞层和附腺中心管腔组成。【结论】斑衣蜡蝉雌性生殖系统与已报道的蜡蝉总科其他类群的雌性生殖系统结构相似,但卵巢小管数目有差异;蝉亚目中不同总科雌成虫雌性附腺与受精囊附腺的形态特征存在明显区别;斑衣蜡蝉雌性生殖系统超微结构与叶蝉总科和沫蝉总科昆虫也存在部分差异。这些差异是否可以作为头喙亚目高级阶元的划分依据仍有待于进一步研究。