甲状腺大部切除术方法探讨

目的：评价改良甲状腺大部切除术的效果与安全性。方法：回顾性分析1997年3月。2005年10月102例甲状腺良性疾病患者,甲状腺大部切除术后医疗效果。结果：94例痊愈,6例出现术后并发症,2例术后复发。结论：改良的甲状腺大部切除术能明显减轻手术创伤,缩短手术时间,减少术后并发症的发生,提高术后主观满意度,是治疗甲状腺良性疾病的理想术式。     

3例腔镜下经口入路行甲状腺切除术的临床观察

目的:探讨腔镜下经口入路行甲状腺切除术治疗甲状腺疾病的可行性以及临床应用价值。方法:选择2012年4月~2013年6月就诊于淮安市淮阴医院普外一科的3例良性甲状腺病变患者,行腔镜下经口入路甲状腺切除术,观察并总结患者的手术情况和术后恢复情况。结果:3例患者手术均成功,手术时间为100~240 min,平均170 min。术中无中转,出血量10-40 ml,切口未放引流,术后恢复良好,无并发症发生。结论:腔镜下经口入路行甲状腺切除术安全有效,可作为治疗甲状腺疾病的另一种微创手术方式进行深入探讨。     

小切口改良甲状腺切除术与传统甲状腺切除术的临床疗效对比

目的:对比小切口改良甲状腺切除术与传统甲状腺切除术的临床疗效。方法:选择自2013年4月至2014年9月我院收治的甲状腺瘤患者96例,按照随机数表法将患者分成对照组和实验组,每组48例。对照组患者行传统甲状腺切除术治疗,而实验组患者行小切口改良甲状腺切除术治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、手术切口长度、出血量、术后住院时间及瘢痕美容评分,并对患者对于手术的满意度比较。术后随访半年,观察患者的并发症情况并统计分析。结果:实验组患者的手术时间、切口长度、出血量及术后住院时间明显低于对照组,另外,实验组患者的瘢痕美容评分明显高于对照组,且差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。实验组患者满意度为93.75%(45/48)显著高于对照组的满意度54.17%(26/48)(P0.01)。实验组患者并发症的发生率显著低于对照组(P0.01)。结论:小切口改良甲状腺切除术较传统甲状腺切除术,能够缩短手术时间和术后住院,减少出血量,并具有较短的切口长度及较高的瘢痕美容评分,术后患者的满意度高,并发症的发生率低,值得在临床上进行推广。     

改良Miccoli手术与传统甲状腺手术治疗甲状腺良性疾病对比观察

目的:探讨改良Miccoli手术与传统甲状腺手术治疗甲状腺良性疾病效果。方法:选取我院2014年10月-2015年11月甲状腺良性疾病患者共96例,随机分为观察组和对照组。给予对照组传统开放手术治疗,给予观察组改良Miccoli手术治疗。观察治疗效果。结果:观察组手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、住院时间、引流时间以及颈部活动恢复时间,均优于对照组,组间比较有差异(P0.05)。结论:相比传统开放手术,改良Miccoli手术治疗甲状腺良性结节具有更好地效果,能够加快患者的康复进程,保障患者的生活质量。     

甲状腺大部分切除术治疗甲状腺功能亢进症的临床分析

目的观察甲状腺大部分切除术治疗甲状腺功能亢进症的临床效果。方法对2003年1月至2010年1月在我院行大部分切除术治疗甲状腺功能亢进症270例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组无手术死亡病例,术后发生并发症5例,发生率为1．85％。其中伤口出血1例,低钙抽搐2例,甲状腺功能低下2例,发生率分别为0．37％、0．74％、0．74％。术后石蜡病理证实原发性甲亢并甲状腺乳头状癌2例,发生率为0．74％。随访2．5个月～3年,无病情复发。结论甲状腺大部分切除术术式操作简单,并发症的发生率低．是临床治疗甲状腺疾病重要方法之一。     

甲状腺再次手术治疗的临床分析

目的:探讨甲状腺再次手术的原因、手术方式的选择和手术效果以及患者的预后情况。方法:统计哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院普外科2001年1月到2015年9月期间收治的1600例初次行甲状腺手术的患者,回顾分析其中175例再次行甲状腺手术患者的临床资料。结果:甲状腺再次手术采用双侧甲状腺次全切除术为92例,单侧甲状腺次全切除术为72例,甲状腺癌根治术为11例。甲状腺再次手术患者术后出现甲状腺功能减退、气管和喉返神经损伤、出血以及缺钙引起的手足抽搦等概率高,与首次手术比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1年内对再次手术的患者进行随访,其中复发12例(病理确诊为甲状腺癌3例,结节性甲状腺肿9例),其他类型甲状腺疾病无复发。结论:甲状腺再次手术较初次手术难度较大,术中及术后并发症较多,再次手术应谨慎选择术式及术中精细操作。     

超声刀在开放性甲状腺次全切除术中的应用效果观察

目的:探讨开放性甲状腺次全切除术中应用超声刀的效果.方法:回顾性分析我院2006年7月-2012年7月收治的甲状腺次全切除术患者860例,按随机化原则分为超声组440例和电刀组420例,记录分析手术一般情况及并发症情况.结果:超声组术中切口长度、术中出血量、手术时间均较电刀组好,两组比较差异显著有统计学意义(P＜0.05);超声组在暂时性喉返神经损伤、术后出血方面少于电刀组,两组比较差异显著有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:甲状腺次全切除术中应用超声刀术后并发症少,术中切口长度、出血量及手术时间均显著减少,是疗效较好的术式,值得推广应用.     

甲状腺次全切除术与甲状腺全切除术治疗结节性甲状腺肿的疗效对比分析

目的:研究甲状腺次全切除术与甲状腺全切除术治疗结节性甲状腺肿的临床疗效。方法:选取2011年1月至2012年12月我院收治的84例结节性甲状腺肿患者,随机分为甲状腺次全切除术组(A组)和甲状腺全切除术组(B组),比较分析两组患者围手术期指标、治疗效果及并发症发生情况。结果:A组镇痛剂使用量、手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间少于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组和B组有效率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),A组复发率高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。并发症发生率A组低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:甲状腺次全切除术与甲状腺全切除术治疗结节性甲状腺肿疗效相似,甲状腺次全切除术复发率更高,但并发症发生率更低。     

经乳晕入路腔镜与开放甲状腺切除术治疗良性甲状腺病变的效果比较

目的探讨良性甲状腺病变行开放甲状腺切除术及乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术治疗的有效性。方法选择2015年1月～2017年12月我院收治的160例良性甲状腺病变患者为观察对象,所有患者均行甲状腺次全切除术治疗,将患者按住院单双号进行分组,其中观察组82例采用乳晕入路腔镜手术治疗,对照组78例采用开放手术治疗,观察比较不同术式的治疗效果,以及术中、术后各指标情况。结果观察组患者的住院时间、手术时间短于对照组,术中出血量、引流量少于对照组,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组并发症发生率比较,观察组为3.7%低于对照组的11.5%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论甲状腺良性病变行经乳晕入路腔镜甲状腺切除术治疗的临床效果显著,术中出血量少,手术时间短,且并发症少,术后恢复快,值得临床推广。     

甲状腺全切除术与双叶切除术对甲状腺微小癌患者血清甲状腺激素水平、预后及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨甲状腺全切除术与双叶切除术对甲状腺微小癌患者血清甲状腺激素水平、预后及生活质量的影响。方法:回顾性分析2016年2月～2018年8月期间我院收治的甲状腺微小癌患者103例的临床资料,根据手术方式的不同分为A组(n=50,双叶切除术)和B组(n=53,甲状腺全切除术),比较两组围术期指标、甲状腺激素水平、生活质量、并发症及复发情况。结果:B组术中出血量少于A组,手术时间、住院时间、切口长度短于A组(P0.05)。术后3个月,两组血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平均较术前降低,且B组低于A组(P0.05)。术后12个月,两组生活质量简表(SF-36)量表各维度评分均较术前升高,且B组高于A组(P0.05)。B组并发症发生率低于A组(P0.05);两组复发率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:甲状腺全切除术治疗甲状腺微小癌患者的预后与双叶切除术相当,可有效改善临床指标、生活质量和甲状腺功能,同时还可减少并发症发生率。     

甲状腺全切除术与半切除术治疗甲状腺癌的临床效果分析

目的:比较甲状腺全切除术与半切除术治疗甲状腺癌的临床效果。方法:选取我院收治的90例甲状腺癌患者,对所有患者行甲状腺全切除术或近全切除术,同时应用I131以及甲状腺激素抑制治疗作为辅助治疗,并对所有患者进行随访。结果:两组患者的术中出血量、喉返神经显露率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组的手术切口以及手术时间均明显长于对照组(P0.01),甲状旁腺显露率高于对照组(P0.01)。两组患者暂时性、永久性喉返神经损伤,暂时性、永久性甲状旁腺功能低下发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。复发率为13.33%(6/45),观察组无复发,两组患者术后复发率比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:甲状腺全切除术治疗甲状腺癌的效果优于半切除术,且能够有效降低术后复发率。     

补肾益气活血汤对小鼠血清雌、孕激素浓度 及其受体表达的影响

目的：探讨中药补肾益气活血汤促进着床的机理。方法：在以吲哚美辛建立小鼠着床障碍模型的基础上,将动物分为正常组,吲哚美辛组,中药组和黄体酮组,用放射免疫、免疫组织化学及Westem—blot方法检测各组小鼠妊娠d5（围着床期）血清皿,P4浓度及子宫内膜ER,PR表达。结果：补肾益气活血中药对E2、P4水平无明显影响,对PR表达也无明显影响,但有轻度促进ERα表达作用,此外,实验发现治疗对照组注射黄体酮虽然使P4水平升高,但ERα、PR表达却都有一定下降。结论：提示中药补肾益气活血汤可能主要通过雌激素样活性加强E2与其受体作用而有利于发动蜕膜化从而促进着床,黄体酮辅助生殖治疗失败可能与孕酮一定程度上抑制ERα和PR表达有关。     

甲状腺结节数对钙化甲状腺病变良恶性的鉴别价值

目的:通过甲状腺病变术前超声声像图与术后病理间的对照,分析结节单发或多发在鉴别伴钙化甲状腺病变良恶性中的意义。方法:回顾性分析我院2010年1月至2013年12月收治的218例甲状腺病变患者的临床资料,将患者术前超声声像图与术后病理结果进行对比。结果:术前超声探及甲状腺单发结节伴钙化其术后病理恶性比例显著高于多发结节伴钙化,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);多发结节伴钙化其术后病理恶性比例显著高于多发结节不伴钙化,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:术前超声探及甲状腺单发结节伴钙化其术后病理恶性比例较高,应积极手术治疗,多发结节伴钙化因其术后病理恶性病理较低,不宜作为手术治疗甲状腺病变的绝对指征。     

甲状腺结节行甲状腺腺叶切除术治疗的临床疗效分析

目的:观察甲状腺结节行甲状腺腺叶切除术治疗的临床疗效。方法:资料选取本院2013年2月-2014年2月收治的甲状腺结节患者共96例,随机分为研究组与对照组;研究组48例予甲状腺腺叶切除术治疗,对照组48例予甲状腺次全切术治疗;观察两组患者的手术相关指标、甲状腺激素水平及并发症情况。结果:研究组手术时间(122.18±6.23)min、出血量(73.69±5.47)m L,均显著低于对照组,比较差异明显具统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后研究组患者的甲状腺过氧化物酶(TPO)(65.87±21.06)IU/L、血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)(2.96±7.03)m IU/L,均显著优于对照组,比较差异明显具统计学意义(P0.05);研究组共出现并发症6例(12.50%),显著低于对照组,比较差异明显具统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:甲状腺结节行甲状腺腺叶切除术治疗手术创伤性较小,临床疗效显著,具实际应用价值。     

Non-malignant thyroid diseases after a wide range of radiation exposures

The thyroid gland is one of the most radiosensitive human organs. While it is well known that radiation exposure increases the risk of thyroid cancer, less is known about its effects in relation to non-malignant thyroid diseases. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effects of high- and low-dose radiation on benign structural and functional diseases of the thyroid. We examined the results of major studies from cancer patients treated with high-dose radiotherapy or thyrotoxicosis patients treated with high doses of iodine-131, patients treated with moderate- to high-dose radiotherapy for benign diseases, persons exposed to low doses from environmental radiation, and survivors of the atomic bombings who were exposed to a range of doses. We evaluated radiation effects on structural (tumors, nodules), functional (hyper- and hypothyroidism), and autoimmune thyroid diseases. After a wide range of doses of ionizing radiation, an increased risk of thyroid adenomas and nodules was observed in a variety of populations and settings. The dose response appeared to be linear at low to moderate doses, but in one study there was some suggestion of a reduction in risk above 5 Gy. The elevated risk for benign tumors continues for decades after exposure. Considerably less consistent findings are available regarding functional thyroid diseases including autoimmune diseases. In general, associations for these outcomes were fairly weak, and significant radiation effects were most often observed after high doses, particularly for hypothyroidism. A significant radiation dose-response relationship was demonstrated for benign nodules and follicular adenomas. The effects of radiation on functional thyroid diseases are less clear, partly due to the greater difficulties encountered in studying these diseases.     

Importance of FNAC in the detection of tumours within multinodular goitre of the thyroid

The primary challenge in the management of a multinodular thyroid gland is to rule out malignancy. The present study was undertaken to assess the value of preoperative ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosing tumours of the thyroid gland. Of the 80 patients operated for multinodular lesions, malignant tumours were found in 29 and benign tumours in 36 patients (81%) and non-tumorous lesions in 15 (19%) patients. Compared with the histopathological postoperative diagnosis, the overall sensitivity of FNAC was 85% and specificity 88%. Current morphological diagnosis of the nodules in multinodular goitre requires thorough preoperative examination, including ultrasound-guided FNAC in order to establish the appropriate management.     

Does Unilateral Lobectomy Suffice to Manage Unilateral Nontoxic Goiter?

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of ipsilateral lobectomy to treat unilateral, nontoxic, benign nodular goiter and to define predictive factors for recurrence.MethodsPatients undergoing thyroid lobectomy for unilateral, nontoxic, benign nodular goiter between 2002 and 2007 were included. Patients were excluded if coincidental thyroid cancer was detected at histopathologic examination and completion thyroidectomy was performed. Potential predictors of recurrence including age; sex; family history; preoperative volume of the thyroid gland; preoperative number, size, and ultrasonography characteristics of the nodules; duration of postoperative follow-up; postoperative use of thyroxine; and histopathologic diagnoses were recorded at baseline. Follow-up visits were scheduled every 3 months during the first year and every 6 months thereafter. Recurrent disease was defined as a hypoechogenic or hyperechogenic nodule larger than or equal to 3 mm detected in the remaining contralateral lobe during ultrasonography. Patients with a thyrotropin value greater than 5 mIU/L received thyroxine. Fineneedle aspiration biopsy was performed for nodules greater than 10 mm or for nodules with characteristics suggestive of malignancy. Reoperation was indicated if a nodule was greater than 3 cm in diameter, posed a risk of malignancy, or caused compression signs or symptoms.ResultsA total of 104 patients were included. Histopathologic diagnoses at initial operation were adenoma in 45 patients, colloidal nodular goiter in 45 patients, and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis in 14 patients. Average duration of follow-up was 39.75 ± 21.75 months (range, 5-87 months). Recurrence was seen in 63 patients (60.6%). Histopathologic characteristics of the lobectomy material (P <.001), preoperative volume of the thyroid gland (P <.006), and multinodularity (P <.011) were significant predictors of recurrence.ConclusionsHigher preoperative thyroid volume, histopathologic characteristics of nodules, and multinodular disease are associated with an increased risk of recurrence in patients with unilateral nodular goiter. Unilateral lobectomy is an effective therapeutic option with low reoperation rates in unilateral benign thyroid disease. (Endocr Pract. 2010;16:36-41)     

Factors Influencing the Successful Maintenance of Euthyroidism after Lobectomy in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: A Single-Center Study

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate factors influencing the successful maintenance of postoperative euthyroidism in patients who did not undergo immediate thyroid hormone replacement after lobectomy for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).Methods: From September 2015 to June 2017, 186 patients underwent lobectomy for PTMC in our hospital. Patients taking medications for hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism before and after lobectomy were excluded. Multiple parameters, including sex, age, pre-operative free thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin (TG), and thyroid autoantibody levels, body mass index (BMI), postoperative histopathology of the thyroid gland, remnant thyroid gland volume, and session number of levothyroxine discontinuation were retrospectively evaluated. These factors were compared between groups based on the maintenance of postoperative euthyroidism.Results: In 88 of the 175 patients (50.3%), postoperative euthyroidism was successfully maintained without thyroid hormone replacement during the first year after lobectomy. There were significant differences in sex (P = .003), pre-operative TSH levels (P = .002), and histopathology of the thyroid gland (P = .035) between the groups showing maintenance success and failure. The group showing successful maintenance had a higher percentage of male patients, lower levels of pre-operative TSH, and normal parenchymal histology of the thyroid gland. However, there were no significant between-group differences in age, pre-operative free T4, TG, and thyroid autoantibody levels, BMI, remnant thyroid gland volume, and session number of levothyroxine discontinuation.Conclusion: Patient sex, pre-operative TSH levels, and histopathology of the thyroid gland may influence the maintenance of postoperative euthyroidism after lobectomy.Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; PTMC = papillary thyroid microcarcinoma; RR = reference range; T4 = thyroxine; TFT = thyroid function test; TG = thyroglobulin; TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone     

经尿道等离子电切术治疗前列腺增生的临床效果研究

目的：探讨经尿道等离子电切术治疗前列腺增生的临床效果和安全性。方法：选取2013 年1 月-2014 年1 月在我院就诊的 前列腺增生患者64 例,并将其随机分为经尿道前列腺等离子体双极电切术(PKRP)组和经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)组,每组各 32 例。PKRP组患者使用经尿道前列腺等离子体双极电切术治疗,TURP 组患者使用经尿道前列腺电切术治疗,术后观察和比较 两组患者的临床疗效及并发症的发生情况。结果：与TURP组比较,PKRP 组的手术时间显著延长,术中出血量明显减少,导尿管 留置时间、住院时间均显著缩短,腺体切除量明显增加,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。术后,两组的IPSS、QOL、RUV和Qmax 均 较术前显著改善(P＜0.05),且PKRP 组患者的IPSS、QOL、RUV均显著低于TURP 组,而Qmax 明显高于TURP 组,差异具有统计 学意义(P＜0.05)。两组的不良反应包括前列腺电切综合征、暂时性尿失禁、迟发性出血和尿道狭窄,PKRP组的总发生率显著低于 TURP 组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：PKRP 治疗前列腺增生的临床效果优于TURP,患者恢复快,并发症发生率低,值 得临床合理选用。     

Unusual Clinical Course of Graves’ Thyrotoxicosis and Concomitant Sarcoidosis: Case Report and Review of Literature

ObjectiveTo report a case of Graves’ disease with concomitant sarcoidosis involving the thyroid gland.MethodsWe present the clinical, laboratory, imaging, and pathologic findings and describe the clinical course of a patient with Graves’ disease and sarcoidosis, who was unresponsive to propylthiouracil and radioiodine treatment.ResultsA 23-year-old woman presented with thyrotoxicosis and a large goiter. Laboratory studies and findings on thyroid uptake and scan were consistent with Graves’ disease. She was also found to have hilar lymph-adenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. Despite treatment with antithyroid drugs and radioiodine therapy, her hyperthyroidism persisted. Surgical resection of the thyroid gland and 2 lymph nodes disclosed noncaseating granulomas, consistent with sarcoid.ConclusionAutoimmune endocrinopathies and, less commonly, thyroid autoimmune disease have been reported in patients with sarcoidosis. Similarities exist in the pathogenesis of these two conditions. Concomitant sarcoidosis in the thyroid gland in patients with Graves’ disease may contribute to the resistance to antithyroid drugs and radioiodine therapy. (Endocr Pract. 2007;13:159-163)