Expression of p53, p21/waf, bcl-2, bax, Rb and Ki67 proteins in colorectal adenocarcinomas

This study investigated the combined immunoexpression of p53, p21, bcl-2, bax, Rb and Ki67 proteins in colorectal adenocarcinomas and correlated expression patterns with tumour stage and grade. Paraffin sections from 98 cases of colorectal adenocarcinomas were stained by immunohistochemistry for p53, p21, bcl-2, bax, Rb and MIB-1 (Ki67) proteins. In addition, 12 cases of colorectal adenomas and normal colorectal mucosa were studied in parallel. P53, p21, bcl-2, bax, Rb and Ki67 proteins were detected in at least 5% of tumour cells in 63/98, 72/98, 52/98, 96/98 and 98/98 adenocarcinomas, respectively. Comparative study of the normal-adenoma-carcinoma tissues revealed abrogation of the normal immunotopography in adenomas and adenocarcinomas, and considerable modifications, increase or reduction, of the expression of p53, p21, bcl-2, bax, Rb and Ki67 proteins in adenocarcinomas when compared with normal mucosa and adenomas. Statistically significant correlations were found between low bax expression and Dukes C stage of carcinomas, Ki67 expression and carcinoma grade, and Ki67 and Rb expression. P53, p21, bcl-2 and Rb immunoexpression did not correlate with tumour stage or grade. Our findings show that low bax immunoexpression is frequently related to colorectal adenocarcinomas with lymph node metastases suggesting that low levels of bax expression play a role in late stage colorectal cancer. The correlation between Ki67 and Rb expression, in view of previous data that the hyperphosphorylated inactive Rb protein is frequently increased in colorectal adenocarcinomas, suggests that Rb protein is somewhat ineffective in inhibiting the cell-cycle progression in these malignancies. Furthermore, our findings provide immunohistochemical evidence that the abrogation of the normal immunotopography and the modifications of the expression of p53, p21, bcl-2, bax, Rb and Ki67 proteins reflect important events in colorectal oncogenesis.     

p53, MDM2, bcl-2 staining in follicular neoplasms of the thyroid gland

Sixty-two follicular adenomas of the thyroid were investigated by immunohistochemistry for the expression of p53, MDM2 and bcl-2 proteins. The wild type of 393 aminoacid nuclear p53 phosphoprotein is the product of a gene located on the short arm of chromosome 17. The p53 protein controls the growth of transformed cells in a culture and thus termed a suppressor gene product. Mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) gene product has been described to occur in malignant epithelial tissue, the protein product of this gene binds to and presumably inactivates the growth suppressive effect of wild type p53 protein. Bcl-2 is an oncogene whose product inhibits apoptosis in many cells types. Some scattered nuclei in two adenomas (3.2%) stained positively for p53. The adenomas with positive staining for p53 were subserially sectioned, but no signs of invasion were found, both patients are alive and well. In 12 adenomas (19%) there was positive reaction for MDM2 protein, whereas none of them where p53 positive. All cases were strongly positive for bcl-2 staining. We conclude that p53 protein expression is not confined to follicular adenomas, while MDM2 and bcl-2 genes products are.     

An immunohistochemical study of the expression of cell-cycle-regulated proteins p53, cyclin D1, RB, p27, Ki67 and MSH2 in gallbladder carcinoma and its precursor lesions

Gallbladder carcinomas are rare but highly lethal neoplasms. We examined the expression of five cell-cycle-related molecules (p53, RB, cyclin D1, p27, Ki-67), and MSH2, in 46 carcinomas, 14 adenomas, 15 low-grade dysplasias, 9 intestinal metaplasias and 20 normal gallbladder epithelia. The expression of these molecules was altered in gallbladder carcinomas and adenomas. In gallbladder carcinomas we observed increased expression of p53, cyclin D1, Ki-67, and MSH2 together with decreased expression of RB and p27 protein. Aberrant expression of cyclin D1 and reduced expression of RB were noted in adenomas, and expression of cyclin D1 was elevated in low-grade dysplasias. However, there was no change in the levels of these cell-cycle molecules in metaplasia. Expression of p53, p27, Ki-67, and MSH2 was correlated with clinical stage (P<0.05) and there was also a correlation between the expression of Ki-67 and MSH-2 and patient age (P<0.05). These results suggest that altered expression of cell-cycle molecules p53, cyclin D1, RB, p27, and of MSH-2 is involved in the progression of gallbladder carcinomas.     

Tumor growth fraction, expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, p53, bcl-2 and cathepsin D activity in primary ductal invasive breast carcinoma and their axillary lymph node metastases

The aim of this paper is to determine similarities and differences between tumor cell subclones in cases of ductal invasive breast carcinoma, and which occupy primary tumor and local axillary lymph metastases. The tumor growth fraction evaluated by Ki-67 was analyzed along with the expression level of estrogen and progesterone receptors, protein p53, proto-oncogene protein bcl-2 and cathepsin D in 60 patients. Metastatic lymph node in axilla has a higher growth fraction of the tumor cells than the primary tumor (p = 0.045), as well as the higher level of bcl-2 overexpression (p = 0.014). No statistically significant difference was found in the presence of immunohistochemically identified estrogen receptors (p = 0.161) and progesterone receptors (p = 0.081) between the primary tumor and the metastatic lymph node in axilla. Likewise, no difference was found between the immunohistochemical evaluation of p53 (p = 0.356) and cathepsin D activity (p = 0.928). A higher growth fraction of the tumor cells and the higher level of bcl-2 overexpression in metastatic tumor cells indicate the more aggressive cell subclones. This study does not support the routine testing of both primary tumor and locoregional metastasis to evaluate the breast cancer hormone receptor status.     

Expression of p185 and p53 in benign and malignant colorectal lesions

The c-erbB2 gene has been found to be amplified in a number of human adenocarcinomas, leading to elevated levels of expression of its encoded product, p185. Mutations in the p53 gene are also common in colorectal carcinomas, brain tumours, leukaemia and lymphomas.In this study, p185 and p53 overexpression was analyzed in colorectal adenomas (22 tubular adenomas and 2 tubulo-villous adenomas) and moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas (n = 22) in order to determine whether there was a relationship between these two proteins. The proteins are encoded by two genes located in the same chromosome. p185 and p53 expression was determined on tissue sections by immunohistochemical staining procedure.Expression of p185 was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in preneoplastic lesions (95.8% of cases) than colorectal cancer (63.6% of cases). p53 showed an inverse pattern to p185, being expressed in 58.3% of benign lesions and 72.7% of adenocarcinomas.These results confirm that p185 overexpression is associated with the early stages of colorectal cancer, whereas p53 is associated with more advanced stages. Although there was no correlation between p185 and p53 expression in premalignant lesions and adenocarcinomas, these two proteins have an important role in the adenoma–carcinoma sequence.     

Expression of p53, bcl-2 and Ki-67 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix

OBJECTIVE: To assess the expression of p53, bcl-2 and Ki-67 in the progression of cervical neoplasia. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 131 cervical specimens, consisting of normal cervical epithelium (n = 43), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions (n =40) and cervical squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) (n = 48) were examined immunohistochemically in paraffin sections for expression of p53, bcl-2 and Ki-67. RESULTS: Immunoreactivity of p53 was found in 27% of SCC cases, but it had no significant relationship with SCC staging (p = 0.791). Immunoreactivity of bcl-2 was observed in 33% of CIN 3 cases. We found a significant relationship (chi2 test: p = 0.009) between the expression of bcl-2 and CIN grading. Ki-67 index was higher in high grade CIN (HGCIN: CIN 2 and 3) and SCC lesions compared to normal cervices. Ki-67 index showed a correlation with bcl-2 protein expression (p = 0.030), but not with p53 protein expression (p = 0.239). CONCLUSION: HGCIN is an early stage to demonstrate the alteration of bcl-2 and Ki-67 expressions. Progression of neoplasia in the uterine cervix is accompanied by an increase of antiapoptotic protein, bcl-2 as well as cellular proliferation.     

c‐erbB‐2 and p53 expression in breast cancer fine needle aspirates

The aim of this study was to co‐evaluate c‐ erbB ‐2 and p53 protein expression in breast cancer fine needle aspirates (FNA) and to compare this with histological variables and the immunohistochemical phenotype of the tumours. Furthermore, we assessed the relationship of c‐ erbB ‐2 and p53 immunocytochemical expression to tumour prognostic factors. We examined 124 breast cancer FNAs and 79 matched surgical specimens using the avidin–biotin complex (ABC) and the alkaline phosphatase immunocytochemical techniques. C‐ erbB ‐2 immunopositivity was detected in 37.9% of the FNAs, while 31.7% were positive for p53. A statistically significant correlation was observed between p53 negativity and absence of c‐ erbB ‐2 immunostaining in the FNAs ( P =0.0007). Smears from infiltrating ductal carcinomas tended to be more frequently positive for p53 (36.7%) than those from lobular carcinomas (11.7%) ( P =0.054). In matched tumour tissues, c‐ erbB ‐2 was positive in 16.7% and p53 in 19% of cases. The immunocytochemical results for both c‐ erbB ‐2 and p53 were significantly correlated with the immunohistochemical results. There was no correlation between c‐ erbB ‐2 and p53 immunostaining, in both FNAs and tissues, and patients' menopausal status, tumour size, grade and lymph node status.     

Overexpression of GRP78 and GRP94 is involved in colorectal carcinogenesis

Glucose-related proteins (GRPs) are ubiquitously expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum and assist in protein folding and assembly, consequently considered to be molecular chaperones. GRP78 and GRP94 expression was induced by glucose starvation and up-regulated in samples taken from several different malignant tissues. To clarify the roles of both molecules in tumorigenesis and progression of colorectal carcinomas, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on tissue microarrays containing colorectal carcinomas, adenomas and the non-neoplastic mucosa (NNM) using antibodies against GRP78 and GRP94. Their expression was correlated with the clinicopathological parameters of carcinomas. Both proteins were also studied in colorectal carcinoma cell lines (DLD-1, HCT-15, SW480 and WiDr) by IHC and Western blot. There was a gradually increased GRP78 expression from colorectal NNMs, carcinomas, to low-grade and high-grade adenomas (P<0.05), while up-regulated GRP94 expression from NNM, low-grade adenoma, high-grade adenoma, to carcinoma (P<0.05). The expression was similar in all the carcinoma cell lines. GRP78 expression was negatively correlated with lymphatic invasion or low GRP94 expression of the carcinomas (P<0.05), while there was no correlation of GRP94 expression with other parameters of carcinomas (P>0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that venous invasion, lymph node metastasis and UICC staging (P<0.05), but not age, sex, tumor size, differentiation, depth of invasion, lymphatic invasion, GRP78 and GRP94 expression (P>0.05), were independent prognostic factors for carcinomas. It is suggested that up-regulated expression of GRP78 and GRP94 could possibly be involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinomas.     

Clinical Significance of Frizzled Homolog 3 Protein in Colorectal Cancer Patients

Frizzled homolog 3 receptor was up-regulated in several gastrointestinal cancers such as esophageal and gastric cancers. Moreover, frizzled homolog 3 has recently reported to be expressed in colorectal adenoma specimens. In the present study, we investigated the clinical significance of frizzled homolog 3 protein in colorectal cancer patients. Using immunocytochemical staining, frizzled homolog 3 expression was examined in 186 colorectal cancer specimens, 79 colorectal adenoma specimens, 133 colorectal polyp specimens, 127 colorectal cancer specimens with lymph node and/or distant metastasis, 310 specimens of various non-colorectal cancer metastatic carcinomas and 40 specimens with simultaneous occurrence of colorectal cancer, colorectal adenoma and colorectal polyp. Statistical analysis was used to correlate frizzled homolog 3 protein expression to the clinicohistopathological factors, recurrence/metastasis and survival after follow-up for 42 months in colorectal cancer patients. Frizzled homolog 3 protein was expressed in 100% colorectal cancer specimens, 89% colorectal adenoma specimens, 75% colorectal polyp specimens and 69% normal colorectal epithelial tissues. Moreover, frizzled homolog 3 immunocytochemical scores were highly correlated with colorectal cancer progression. Furthermore, frizzled homolog 3 was expressed in a comparatively lower percentage of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic renal clear cell carcinoma with focal and very weak staining than other metastatic tumor types. On the other hand, the frizzled homolog 3 immunocytochemical scores of colorectal adenomas with synchronous colorectal carcinomas were significantly higher than those of pure colorectal adenomas. Statistical analysis showed that frizzled homolog 3 immunocytochemical scores were associated with Dukes stage and lymph node status. Finally, stratified groups of colorectal cancer patients had significant differences in their recurrence/metastasis and survival. In conclusion, the present large-scale study has clearly showed that frizzled homolog 3 protein can generate clinically important information for colorectal cancer patients.     

结直肠癌mP53 和PCNA 表达的相关性及临床意义

目的:探讨结直肠癌中突变型P53基因(mP53)和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达的相关性及临床意义。方法:应用免疫组化二步法,检测60例结直肠癌组织及20例正常肠粘膜中mP53、PCNA的表达,结合临床病理资料进行统计分析。结果:60例结直肠癌中mP53阳性表达率65.0%,PCNA阳性表达率78.3%,20例正常肠粘膜中mP53、PCNA表达均为阴性(P<0.05)。mP53和PCNA阳性表达率在低分化组、浆膜层浸润组、淋巴结转移组均较高(P均<0.05)。mP53和PCNA表达呈正相关(r=0.58,P<0.05)。结论:mP53和PCNA在结直肠癌中表达均增高,二者与结直肠癌病理学分级、浸润深度和淋巴结转移有关,可作为判断结直肠癌预后的参考指标。     

Prognostic evaluation of CD44 expression in correlation with bcl-2 and p53 in colorectal cancer

To investigate the expression of CD44 in colorectal cancer and examine its association with clinicopathological features, bcl-2, p53 and long-term outcome, paraffin-embedded tumour specimens from 61 patients with Dukes stage B (AJCC/UICC stage I) and 39 patients with Dukes stage C (AJCC/UICC stage III) colorectal adenocarcinoma were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The expression of CD44, bcl-2 and p53 were correlated with 5-year follow-up. Low CD44 expression was present in 30%, moderate in 30% and extensive in 40% of cases. It was not related to patient sex and age but was related to tumour differentiation, stage and tumour site. No association was demonstrated between CD44 and bcl-2. However, there was significant evidence of an association between CD44 and p53 in 66 cases in which p53 was previously assessed. There was a trend towards increased survival in patients whose tumours expressed lower levels of CD44 protein. When entered into multivariate analysis model, which also included bcl-2 and p53, CD44 staining emerged as an indicator of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients.     

结直肠癌组织RSK4、p53蛋白的表达及临床病理意义

目的:探讨结直肠癌组织中P90核糖体S6激酶4(RSK4)蛋白、p53蛋白的表达及其临床病理意义。方法:选取我院病理科2014年1月~2016年5月既往收集的结直肠癌手术后标本70例及同期结直肠癌癌旁组织30例,采用免疫组化染色检测两组标本中RSK4蛋白、p53蛋白的表达情况,并分析其与结肠癌患者临床病理特征的相关性。结果:结直肠癌组织中RSK4蛋白、p53蛋白的阳性表达率分别为20.00%、55.71%,而癌旁组织中RSK4蛋白、p53蛋白阳性表达率分别为53.33%、10.00%,两组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。Ⅰ期+Ⅱ期、高分化和中分化结直肠癌组织RSK4蛋白的阳性表达率显著高于Ⅲ期、低分化结直肠癌(P0.05);Ⅰ期+Ⅱ期、浸润深度(T1、T2)、未发生淋巴结转移的结直肠癌组织中p53蛋白阳性表达率显著的低于Ⅲ期、浸润深度(T3、T4)、发生淋巴结转移的结肠癌组织(P0.05)。结论:结直肠癌组织中RSK4蛋白表达下调、p53蛋白表达上调,二者可能与结直肠癌的发生和发展有关,并可能作为结肠癌诊断和预后评估的参考指标。     

结肠癌中NMNAT2、p53的表达及三者相关性研究

目的:检测结肠癌中烟酰胺核苷酸腺苷转移酶2 (Nicotinamide nucleotide adenosine transferase 2, NMNAT2)、p53的表达并分析三者之间的关系。方法:免疫组化S-ABC法(4分为阴性、≥4分为阳性)检测结肠癌标本(48例)、癌旁正常组织标本(40例)中NMNAT2、p53的表达,分析其与结肠癌年龄、性别、病理类型、肿瘤形态、分化程度、浸润深度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移等临床参数的关系及二者的关系。结果:(1) NMNAT2、p53表达于结肠癌组织细胞质、胞核,呈棕黄或棕褐色,在癌旁正常组织中表达较低或缺失。结肠癌中NMNAT2、p53表达阳性者占83.33%、70.83%,癌旁正常组织中表达阳性者占7.50%、0.00%,其差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2) NMNAT2、p53阳性率,在不同年龄、性别、病理类型、肿瘤形态、分化程度患者中的差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(T3-T4)期者为96.51%、84.62%,高于(T1-T2)期的68.18%、54.55%(P0.05);(Ⅲ-Ⅳ)期者为95.00%、85.00%,高于(Ⅰ-Ⅱ)期的78.57%、57.14%(P0.05);有淋巴结转移者为100.00%、84.21%,高于无淋巴结转移者的72.41%、62.07%(P0.05)。(3)结肠癌组织中NMNAT2与p53表达呈正相关(rs=0.809, P0.05)。结论:NMNAT2、p53与结肠癌发展相关,且二者呈正相关,因此,联合检测有助于对结肠癌诊治与病情评估。     

Immunohistochemical expression of androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen in breast cancer

AR (androgen receptor) and PSA (prostate-specific antigen) are involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, but their role is not clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to analyze by immunohistochemistry the AR and PSA (prostate-specific antigen) expression in 156 female breast carcinomas and to correlate the results with some histopathological parameters, like ER (estrogen receptor), PR (progesterone receptor), HER2/neu, nodal and metastasis status, histological type and grade. ARs and PSA were expressed in 112/156 (72%) and respectively in 61/156 (39%) of cases and we found a positive correlation between AR and PSA expression in breast carcinomas (p<0.0002). We also found an association between the histological type of the tumor and AR (p<0.001), respectively PSA (p=0.01) and between AR and the grade of differentiation (p=0.007) and the nodal status (p=0.02). No correlations were found between the metastasis status and AR or PSA. 47.3% (53/112) of AR-positive cases and 46% (28/61) of PSA-positive cases were ER-negative. High frequency of AR (87.5%) and PSA (75%) expression was found in medullary carcinomas and 53% of lobular invasive carcinomas co-expressed AR and PSA. We found an inverse correlation between HER2/neu and PSA (p=0.05). Although most of the PSA-positive carcinomas were lymph node-negative, well and moderately differentiated, we did not find any statistically significant correlations between these parameters and PSA expression. Our study confirms that ARs are commonly expressed in breast cancer and the expression of PSA and AR are highly correlated. Moreover, all the lobular carcinomas and the majority of medullary carcinomas co-expressed AR and PSA, the majority of AR-positive carcinomas were lymph node-negative, well and moderately differentiated, and large number of ER-negative carcinomas expressed AR and PSA.     

PDGF-D、MPO与CD15在大肠癌中的表达及临床相关性研究

目的：探讨血小板源性生长因子D（PDGF-D）、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）YL粒细胞相关抗原（CD15）在大肠癌组织中的表达及其与临床特征之间的关系。方法：采用免疫组化染色方法检测88例大肠癌组织、72例大肠腺瘤组织及50例正常大肠粘膜组织中PDGF-D、MPO及CD15的表达情况。结果：PDGF—D、MPO、CD15在大肠癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为85．23％、63．64％、61．36％。PDGF—D、MPO在正常组、大肠腺瘤组和大肠癌组三者之间的表达均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。CD15在正常组、大肠腺瘤组中的阳性表达率与大肠癌组中的阳性表达率有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,但在正常组与大肠腺瘤组中的阳性表达率无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。PDGF—D、MPO、CD15的表达在有淋巴结转移组织中的阳性率分别为92_31％、75．00％,73．08％;在无淋巴结转移组织中的阳性率分别为75．00％、52．78％,47．22％,三者在有无淋巴结转移组织中的阳性率均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。PDGF．D、MPO、CD15在大肠癌中的表达与性别、年龄及组织分化程度均无相关（P〉0．05）。经Spearman相关性分析,PDGF—D及MPO在大肠癌的表达具有相关性（P〈O．05）。大肠癌中CD15与PDGF—D、MPO的表达无明显相关性（P〉0．05）：结论：PDGF—D、MPO与CDl5在大肠癌中的高表达,提示均参与了大肠癌的发生发展,可作为大肠癌恶性程度和侵袭转移的分子生物学标志物。     

Prognostic significance of p53, bcl-2 and EGFR in carcinoma of the endometrium

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the part played by several parameters in the prognosis of patients with endometrial carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN: Eighty imprint smears from fresh endometrial tumor specimens were studied immunocytochemically for the expression of p53, bcl-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor. Also, the presence of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in the tumor tissue was measured. The data obtained were related to survival, and associations were sought between the parameters studied. RESULTS: Strong associations were found between advanced stage, high grade, lymph node metastases at diagnosis, nonendometrioid histology and p53 expression with poor survival. Bcl-2 expression was associated with good five-year survival. ER expression was associated marginally with good five-year survival, but PR expression was not. A strong association was found between p53 and advanced disease, stage and lymph node metastases at diagnosis. An association between EGFR positivity and survival was not found. CONCLUSION: p53 Expression of uterine tumors is an independent and strong indicator of poor prognosis. Even patients with stage I and II disease at surgery who have p53-positive tumors must be considered at high risk.     

Alterations of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and c-erbB2 oncogene protein expression in ductal carcinomas of the breast

Estrogens are important for stimulating the growth of a large proportion of breast cancers. Progesterone plays critical roles in breast development and tumorigenesis. The c-erbB2 gene (HER-2/neu) is a proto-oncogene expressed in 10-34% of breast cancers. Its expression is associated with poor clinical outcome. The hypothesis that the progression of in situ ductal carcinoma of breast to invasive ductal carcinoma is associated with alterations of ER, PgR and HER-2/neu protein expression was tested. Of 100 mastectomy specimens examined, all contained both ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) not otherwise specified (NOS). The status of ER, PgR and HER-2/neu proteins was examined by immunochemistry. ER and PgR protein expression was scored as the mean value of positively stained cells. HER-2/neu protein expression was evaluated on ts staining pattern (0, 1+, 2+ and 3+). We found variations between DCIS and IDC with significant decrease of the mean values of ER and PgR positively stained cells in high-grade (Grade 3) IDC (ER: 49.2+/-10.3 vs. 30.8+/-5.5 and PgR: 40.0+/-10.0 vs. 22.3+/-5.1 in DCIS and IDC, respectively, P<0.05). Invasive carcinomas with lymph node metastases or lymphovascular invasion or both had lower mean values of ER and PgR positively stained cells compared to those without these features. In IDC (Grade 3), HER-2/neu protein expression values (1.2+/-0.2) were significantly high compared to DCIS (0.7+/-0.3, P<0.05). In addition, HER-2/neu protein expression values were significantly higher (P<0.05) in IDC with lymph node metastases or lymphovascular invasion (1.5+/-0.3) than those without these features (0.8+/-0.2). A significantly high mean (P<0.05) of ER and PgR positively stained cells was observed in postmenopausal females compared to premenopausal women. In contrast, high HER-2/neu expression values were seen only in premenopausal females. A significant positive correlation was observed between ER and PgR receptor expression (r=0.81). A low degree inverse correlation (r=-0.24, P<0.012) was found between ER+/PgR+ tumors and HER-2/neu expression. These findings substantiate the notion that breast cancer progression is often associated with alterations of ER, PgR and HER-2/neu expression. The underlying mechanisms of these alterations are open for further investigation.     

散发性大肠癌组织及粪便脱落细胞p53蛋白的检测

为了解大肠癌组织及粪便脱落细胞中 p5 3蛋白表达对大肠癌诊断的临床意义 ,采用 S- P法对 38例大肠癌患者的癌组织及其中的 30例患者的粪便脱落细胞 p5 3蛋白进行检测。大肠癌组织中 p5 3蛋白阳性表达率为 39.47% (15 / 38) ,p5 3蛋白阳性与癌组织的分化程度及是否存在淋巴结转移均无相关性 (P>0 .0 5 )。粪便脱落细胞 p5 3蛋白阳性表达率为 36 .6 7%(11/ 30 ) ,脱落细胞与相应患者的癌组织中的 p5 3表达一致率为 83.33% (2 5 / 30 )。表明粪便中脱落细胞 p5 3蛋白的表达忠实反映了相应癌组织的 p5 3突变情况 ,对其检测有望成为大肠癌诊断及筛查的无创分子途径。同时表明粪便中脱落细胞核保持了肿瘤抗原决定簇的主要结构及生物特征 ,进行免疫细胞化学检测是可行的 ,为进行脱落细胞核其它肿瘤标志物或其它生物研究奠定了可行性的基础