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1.
Christian Dietzen Clemens Hackenberg Karl-Heinz Heyne Hedwig Sauer-Gürth Heidi Staudter Michael Wink 《Journal of Ornithology》2007,148(1):85-90
During May and June 2003, a mixed breeding pair consisting of a male western Bonelli’s warbler (Phylloscopus bonelli) and a female wood warbler (P. sibilatrix) successfully raised six young in a broad-leafed forest near Jünkerath, western Germany, an area far outside the regular
breeding range of P. bonelli. The identity of the adult birds was confirmed by song, calls, colouration, and wing measurements. Based on blood samples
taken from both parents and three juveniles, the potential interbreeding was analysed by molecular methods. Sequences of the
mitochondrial cytochrome b gene differed between male and female by 8.7% and confirmed the identification of both parents. Sequences of the mitochondrial
cytochrome b gene revealed that the male was a western Bonelli's and the female a wood warbler. The hybridisation and the parentage of
male and female were corroborated by multilocus DNA fingerprinting. This is the first documented and genetically proven hybridisation
event between these two warbler species. 相似文献
2.
Yang-Dong Guo Hisano Hisano Yoshiya Shimamoto Toshihiko Yamada 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,96(2):219-227
Genetic transformation of androgenic-derived amphidiploid Festulolium plants (Lolium perenne L. × Festuca pratensis Huds., 2n = 4x = 28) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been achieved. Anther culture-induced calli of Festulolium “Bx351” were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 carrying pIG121-Hm encoding the hygromycin resistance (hph) and β-glucuronidase (uidA) genes under the control of a CaMV 35S promoter. Twenty-three putative transformants were obtained from the hygromycin selection,
19 of which (82.6%) showed GUS activity. The integration of transgene was detected by using genomic DNA PCR analysis, RT-PCR
analysis and Southern blot hybridization, respectively, which revealed that foreign gene was integrated into the genomes of
dihaploid transformants (2n = 2x = 14). The haploid embryogenic system offers a stable means of transformation, as the introduced
trait can be readily fixed through chromosome doubling.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
3.
4.
Michael J. Bosela 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,98(3):249-261
The effects of β-lactam antibiotics (penicillin, carbenicillin and cefotaxime), cytokinins, and auxins including phenylacetic
acid, a β-lactam breakdown product, were evaluated during in vitro shoot morphogenesis in two hybrid aspens; P. tremuloides × P. tremula (XTTa) and P. x canescens × P. grandidentata (XCaG). Although different callus and shoot induction media were used for both hybrids, the β-lactams often engendered similar
responses. At concentrations of 1,000 mg l−1, carbenicillin adversely impacted shoot elongation and, to a lesser degree, shoot regeneration. Cefotaxime enhanced caulogenesis
for all of the concentrations evaluated (125–500 mg l−1) especially when the cytokinin thidiazuron was used for shoot induction. The shoots formed faster and in greater numbers;
and the improvements were significant (α = 0.05) for both hybrids. However, hyperhydricity was more problematic when cefotaxime was included in the media. The incidence
of shoot hyperhydricity for the XCaG hybrid was more than twice as great for the highest cefotaxime concentration evaluated
(500 mg l−1) than for the control (>90% vs. ~40%). Penicillin had an opposite effect. Hyperhydricity frequencies for the XCaG hybrid
were lower when the media were supplemented with penicllin and the reductions were statistically significant at concentrations
of 500–1,000 mg l−1. The effects of the antibiotics were generally not reproduced by the auxins (0.1–100 μM), including phenylacetic acid, or
the other potential β-lactam degradation products evaluated (e.g. phenylmalonic acid, aminopenicillanic acid). The antibiotics
may have affected shoot hyperhydicity indirectly via changes in the time course of shoot regeneration. 相似文献
5.
The method of polymerase chain reaction with random primers (RAPD PCR) was used to identify the progeny of the crosses between
three sturgeon species, Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii Brandt, 1869), Siberian sturgeon (A. baerii Brandt, 1869), and sterlet (A. ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758). Using ten primers, genetic variation in 70 yearlings, produced in seven individual crosses: Acipenser schrenckii × A. schrenckii, A. baerii × A. baerii, A. ruthenus × A. ruthenus, A. schrenckii × A. baerii, A. baerii × A. schrenckii, A. schrenckii × A. ruthenus, and A. ruthenus × A. schrenckii was described and evaluated. It was demonstrated that the samples composed of hybrids from individual crosses were more variable
than the samples of parental species. On the other hand, pooled samples of hybrids from two cross directions were genetically
less variable than the pooled samples of their parents. The three main features of the hybrid RAPD profiles identified included:
(1) preservation of marker DNA fragments of both parents in one genome; (2) presence of specific DNA fragments, absent from
both parents; and (3) dependence of the frequency of some DNA fragments from the cross direction. Multidimensional scaling
clearly distinguishes in the space of three coordinates the individuals of original species and the hybrid progeny with differentiation
in the groups of direct and backcross hybrids. Analysis of relationships (UPGMA and NJ) pointed to substantial differentiation
between the species, as well as between the species and hybrid progeny. Close genetic relationships between direct and backcross
hybrids were demonstrated. Multilocus RAPD markers in association with statistical methods are considered to be the useful
tool for discrimination of interspecific hybrids of sturgeon. Possible reasons for the differences in the hybrid RAPD profiles
are discussed.
Original Russian Text ? K.V. Rozhkovan, G.N. Chelomina, E.I. Rachek, 2008, published in Genetika, 2008, Vol. 44, No. 11, pp.
1453–1460. 相似文献
6.
Xiao-Hong Guo Jing Jiang Shi-Jie Lin Bai-Chen Wang Yu-Cheng Wang Gui-Feng Liu Chuan-Ping Yang 《Biotechnology letters》2009,31(7):1079-1087
The ThCAP gene, which encodes a cold acclimation protein, was isolated from a Tamarix hispida NaCl-stress root cDNA library; its expression patterns were then assayed by qRT-PCR in different T. hispida tissues treated with low temperature (4°C), salt (400 mM NaCl), drought (20% PEG6000) and exogenous abscisic acid (100 μM).
Induction of ThCAP gene was not only responsive to different stress conditions but was also organ specific. When transgenic Populus (P. davidiana × P. bolleana) plants were generated, expressing ThCAP under regulation of the cauliflower mosaic virus CaMV 35S promoter, they had a greater resistance to low temperature than
non-transgenic seedlings, suggesting that ThCAP might play an important role in cold tolerance. 相似文献
7.
Background
Differentiation of long and short shoots is an important developmental trait in several species of the Rosaceae family. However, the physiological mechanisms controlling this differentiation are largely unknown. We have studied the role of gibberellin (GA) in regulation of shoot differentiation in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cv. Korona. In strawberry, differentiation of axillary buds to runners (long shoot) or to crown branches (short shoot) is promoted by long-day and short-day conditions, respectively. Formation of crown branches is a prerequisite for satisfactory flowering because inflorescences are formed from the apical meristems of the crown. 相似文献8.
Seasonal and diel patterns of singing activity of Savis warblers (Locustella luscinioides) were studied in two areas of Central Europe 300 km apart, over a period of 18 years. We assess about 4,600 records of individuals singing. Males were found to exhibit similar singing activity in both study sites. They started to sing after arrival at the beginning of April and peaked from the end of April to the beginning of May. Thereafter, their singing activity was lower but more stable for a relatively long period from mid-May to mid-July. At the end of July, males sang only sporadically and singing activity ceased at the beginning of August. At the beginning and towards the end of the song-period males sang sporadically whereas in the period of the highest singing activity they sang over the entire 24-h period. During the whole song-period, there was a significant difference in singing activity between daylight and the dark (67.2 and 32.8%, respectively). However, the period of daylight was longer. Average singing activity showed similar levels in daylight and the dark with mean numbers of 5.9 and 6.6 males per hour, respectively. Major changes in singing activity were related to the twilight periods. There were distinctive dawn and dusk choruses. In the morning, Savis warblers exhibited similar levels of singing activity over 3 h of the dark before twilight, singing reached its highest level at twilight and 1 h after twilight. During the evening, singing activity reached its highest-level 1 h before twilight, while during twilight it was decreasing, with a considerable decline 1 h after nightfall. 相似文献
9.
H. Benbouza J. M. Lacape J. M. Jacquemin B. Courtois F. B. H. Diouf D. Sarr N. Konan J. P. Baudoin G. Mergeai 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2010,25(2):273-286
In order to select genotypes of Gossypium hirsutum genetically balanced and expressing the low-gossypol seed & high-gossypol plant trait introgressed from the Australian wild diploid species G. sturtianum, the [(G. hirsutum × G. raimondii)2 × G. sturtianum] triple hybrid was backcrossed to G. hirsutum and autopollinated to produce backcross and selfed progenies. Two hundred and six mapped SSR markers of G. hirsutum were used to monitor the introgression of SSR alleles specific to G. sturtianum and G. raimondii in the selected progenies. A high level of heterozygosity, varying from 25 to 100%, was observed for all G. sturtianum-specific SSR markers conserved in the most advanced progenies. These results indicate the existence of segregation distortion
factors that are associated with the genes controlling the researched trait. This study represents a starting point to map
the genes involved in the expression of the trait and better understand its genetic determinism. 相似文献
10.
Чжан Жи-дун 《古生物学报》1960,(1):48-53
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11.
Jochen Martens Dieter Thomas Tietze Siegfried Eck Michael Veith 《Journal of Ornithology》2004,145(3):206-222
Pallass Warbler (Phylloscopus proregulus) of the Eastern Palaearctic (Siberia, China, Himalayas) resolves into a complex of four closely related but distinct allospecies forming a superspecies, P. [proregulus]. Assignment of species rank is based on cytochrome-b gene sequences and on vocalisations (territorial song and calls). Morphological divergence is poor, as is typical in Phylloscopus. It applies to size (nominate Siberian proregulus as opposed to the Sino-Himalayan taxa), and slight coloration differences among the latter taxa do not correspond to the cyt-b topology and are considered to be adaptive. Vocal differences relate to syntax (verse song vs endless song), frequency (broad vs narrow bandwidth, allocation of elements within the frequency band), form of elements (ascending vs descending parts, combination of these), and repertoire size. Strong premating isolating mechanisms are assigned to vocalisations. Contrary to current taxonomy, we propose the following constituent taxa of the Phylloscopus [proregulus] complex: Phylloscopus proregulus s.str. (Siberia, disjunct from the following taxa), P. kansuensis (China: Gansu, Qinghai), P. forresti (W/SW China, part of E Himalayas?), P. chloronotus with two subspecies: P. c. simlaensis (W Himalayas), and P. c. chloronotus (C and E Himalayas). Contact zones and possible hybridisation between the Sino-Himalayan taxa remain undetermined. A closely related isospecies is Phylloscopus yunnanensis (syn. P. sichuanensis), which is locally sympatric with and extremely similar morphologically to P. forresti and P. kansuensis. Cyt-b distance values range from 3.1% to 4.6% within the P. proregulus complex and from 7.5% to 8.4% between the latter and P. yunnanensis. This corresponds to differentiation times of 4.1 to 5.5 Myears (P. proregulus complex vs P. yunnanensis) and 1.7 to 3.2 Myears (within the P. proregulus complex).Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at
Communicated by A. Helbig*Results of the Himalaya Expeditions of J. Martens, No. 247. – For No. 246 see: Ann Zool Warszawa, 2004.This revised version was published online in July 2004 with corrections to a heading and species names. 相似文献
12.
Yoichiro Hoshino Yukiko Kashihara Tomonari Hirano Naho Murata Koichi Shinoda 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,94(1):45-54
Embryogenic cell suspension cultures were established using the ovule culture of an interspecific cross, Alstroemeria pelegrina var. rosea × A. magenta. Ovules harvested 14 days after pollination were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without plant growth regulators
(PGRs); calli were produced on the hypocotyl surface in germinating zygotic embryos. Suspension cells were induced from the
calli by using liquid MS media containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid
(picloram). Adventitious embryos developed from the suspension cells on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 of both α-naphthaleneacetic acid and N6-benzylaminopurine; they grew into plantlets on the same medium. The plantlets formed rhizomes following transfer to half-strength
MS medium without PGRs, and acclimatized plants were easily established. Subsequently, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system was applied. The suspension cells were co-cultivated with A. tumefaciens strain EHA101/pIG121Hm or LBA4404/pTOK233, both of which contain neomycin phosphotransferase II, hygromycin phosphotransferase
and intron-containing ?-glucuronidase (intron-GUS) genes. Seven days after co-cultivation, the cells were subjected to GUS assay; staining was most pronounced in the cells
subcultured in a picloram-containing liquid medium and co-cultivated with EHA101/pIG121Hm. The co-cultivated cells were transferred
to the MS medium containing picloram and 20 mg l−1 hygromycin; 1 month later, several hygromycin-resistant callus lines showing GUS activity were obtained. Transgenic plants
were obtained through our plant regeneration system, and foreign gene insertion into the regenerated plants was confirmed
by polymerase chain reaction. 相似文献
13.
Adriano Sofo Antonio Scopa Michele Manfra Mauro De Nisco Giancarlo Tenore Jacopo Troisi Raffaele Di Fiori Ettore Novellino 《Plant Growth Regulation》2011,65(2):421-425
The aim of this research was to explain the direct plant growth-promoting activity of Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (T22), hypothesizing the involvement of different classes of plant growth regulators. Seven days after the transfer
to root-inducing medium, in vitro-cultured shoots of GiSeLa6? (Prunus cerasus × P. canescens) were inoculated with T22. Root and shoot growth were significantly affected by T22 (+76 and +61%, respectively). Ten days
after inoculation, the levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), trans-zeatin riboside (t-ZR), dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR), gibberellic acid (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) were analyzed by high performance liquid
chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The results showed that after T22-inoculation, IAA and GA3 significantly increased
in both leaves (+49 and +71%, respectively) and roots (+40 and +143%, respectively) whereas t-ZR decreased (−51% in leaves and −37% in roots). Changes in DHZR were observed in T22-inoculated roots (−32%) but not in
leaves, whereas the levels of ABA did not differ between the two treatments. The extraction method allowed the simultaneous
extraction of phytohormones. There is evidence that the change in phytohormone levels is one of the direct mechanism by which
T22 promotes rooting and shoot growth, with notable advantages for rootstock production during nursery processes. 相似文献
14.
Chaoqiang Jiang Qingsong Zheng Zhaopu Liu Wenjun Xu Ling Liu Gengmao Zhao Xiaohua Long 《Trees - Structure and Function》2012,26(3):685-694
Salinity is a major abiotic stress factor limiting plant growth and productivity. One possible method to enhance plant salt-resistance
is to compartmentalize sodium ions away from the cytosol. In the present work, a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene AtNHX1 from Arabidopsis thaliana, was transferred into Populus × euramericana ‘Neva’ by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in order to enhance poplar salt-resistance. The results showed that the transgenic poplar were more resistant to NaCl than
the wild-type (WT) in greenhouse condition. Compared with the WT, plant growth and photosynthetic capacity of the transgenic
plants were enhanced, and the transgenic plants accumulated more Na+ and K+ in roots and leaves under the same NaCl condition, whereas malondialdehyde and relative electrical conductivity were lower.
All of these properties of the transgenic poplar were likely to be a consequence of the overexpression of AtNHX1 caused Na+ sequestration in the vacuoles and improved K+ absorption, thus reducing their toxic effects. These results indicated overexpression of the AtNHX1 enhanced salt-resistance of poplar, and AtNHX1 played an important role in the compartmentation of Na+ into the vacuoles. Therefore, this study provides an effective way for improving salt resistance in trees. 相似文献
15.
Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in diploid Allium fistulosum × A. cepa F1 hybrid onions
Procedures were developed for disinfestation of non-dormant basal plate tissue excised from field grown basal plate tissue of diploid Allium fistulosum × A. cepa F1 hybrid onions. Contamination levels varied with the season and vegetative development of plant material. Callus initiated from basal plate tissue and immature inflorescences of the F1 hybrids was maintained on a BDS-based medium containing 0.75 mg/l picloram and 2.0 mg/l BA. When this medium was supplemented with vitamins and glycine, and with proline at 2.5 gm/1, somatic embryos began to form. Their development continued on a BDS-based shoot promotion medium containing 0.03 mg/l picloram and 0.32 mg/l 2iP supplemented with vitamins, glycine and proline. Genotypes differed significantly in the numbers of structures regenerated. Plantlets from somatic embryos were rooted into BDS or half-strength BDS medium without growth substances and were successfully transferred to sterilized potting mix in plastic commercial corsage boxes.Abbreviations BA
benzyladenine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- picloram
4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid
- 2iP
N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine
- NAA
1-naphthylacetic acid
- BDS
Gamborg's B5 medium modified by Dunstan and Short (1977a) 相似文献
16.
《植物生态学报》2016,40(5):469
17.
《植物生态学报》2015,39(6):616
18.
Pawel Nowaczyk Luboslawa Nowaczyk Dorota Olszewska Anna Krupska 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2009,31(4):877-879
In research on androhaploids in the progeny of interspecific hybrids within the Capsicum genus, three genetically stable lines of F7 generation, selected from the C. annuum L. × C. chinense Jacq. hybrid, were used. In the first line, only callus tissue was formed as a reaction to the conditions of culture. Cytometric
analysis of this tissue revealed the presence of cells with DNA content in nuclei at the level of 1C to 16C. The tissue was
mixoploid and non-embryogenic. Anthers of the other line did not respond. In the third one, nine embryos were obtained, and
they developed into plants. By means of cytometric analysis, the 1C DNA level was found in eight of them and these were androgenic
plants. The origin of one of the diploid plant was not established due to the homozygous character of the donor plants. The
experiment results confirm the already known diversity of genotype reaction to the conditions of culture. It moreover point
to the possibility of selection of the forms with an androgenic potency from interspecific hybrids. 相似文献
19.
Jan T. Lifjeld Gunnhild Marthinsen Magne Myklebust Deborah A. Dawson Arild Johnsen 《Journal of Ornithology》2010,151(2):513-517
We present photographic and molecular evidence of a wild Marsh Warbler × Sedge Warbler (Acrocephalus palustris × A. schoenobaenus) hybrid that occurred over three breeding seasons (2007–2009) near Trondheim, Central Norway. The bird had the appearance
of a Marsh Warbler but with some typical Sedge Warbler plumage traits. DNA analyses of a few plucked body feathers, using
the COI barcode region (mtDNA) and conserved microsatellite loci, confirmed that the bird was a hybrid, with a Marsh Warbler
mother and a Sedge Warbler father. 相似文献
20.
Abdelali Barakat Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna Christopher J Frost John E Carlson 《BMC plant biology》2010,10(1):100