7株蛇足石杉内生真菌拮抗4种致病菌的研究

目的:筛选具有拮抗致病菌的蛇足石杉内生真菌。方法:选择蛇足石杉为材料,经过表面消毒,分离得到菌株。随机选择7株内生菌通过改良菌块法进行4种致病菌的拮抗试验。结果:菌株F002对致病真菌Canidia Albicans表现中等强度的拮抗作用,而菌株F004对致病菌Canidia Albicans及Crytococcus Neofonmans均表现较强的抑制活性。经r DNA的ITS序列分析,菌株F004定为厚垣镰孢霉。结论:通过蛇足石杉内生菌的生物活性测定,可以筛选到较强的拮抗致病真菌的活性菌株,其抗菌活性物质有待我们进一步的跟踪分离。     

一株地衣内生真菌Daldinia childiae的化学成分

本研究对分离自星点梅衣属地衣Punctelia sp.的一株内生真菌蔡氏轮层炭壳菌Daldinia childiae进行大米固体发酵培养,乙酸乙酯萃取发酵产物,采用硅胶柱色谱法、重结晶等方法分离纯化次生代谢产物,结合核磁共振波谱与质谱技术对单体化合物进行结构解析,运用DPPH法测定化合物的自由基清除能力.结果分离得到8...     

真菌出芽短梗霉中一个新的酚苷类化合物CSCD

真菌出芽短梗霉Aureobasidium pullulans乙酸乙酯粗提物对多种植物病原菌具有抑菌活性,结果表明对人参锈腐病病原菌Cylindrocarpon destructans具有较好的抑菌活性。因此为探究出芽短梗霉A.pullulans固体发酵物乙酸乙酯部位的化学成分,对其发酵物乙酸乙酯部位采用正相柱,反相柱,以及半制备液相色谱分离纯化,并根据核磁共振波谱数据鉴定单体化合物。分离得到4个单体化合物,经鉴定为3,4-二甲氧基-5-甲基苯-O-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1)、5′-hydroxygriseofulvin(2)、7-dechlorogriseofulvin(3)、6′-hydroxygriseofulvin(4)。以上4种化合物均为首次从该真菌发酵产物中分离得到,其中化合物1是新化合物。     

云南美登木内生真菌Chaetomium globosum Ly50′菌株的抗菌活性成分研究

从云南美登木叶中分离筛选到具抗菌活性的内生真菌Chaetomium globosum Ly50′菌株,利用活性追踪法在其发酵产物中分离到抗橙色青霉和抗结核分枝杆菌的化合物,经ESI-MS、NMR等波谱数据确认该活性成分为球毛壳甲素,chaetoglobosin A和球毛壳乙素chaetoglobosin B.首次发现chaetoglobosin B具有抗结核分支杆菌活性.     

蛇足石杉内生细菌多样性北大核心CSCD

【目的】探索国家二级保护野生药用植物蛇足石杉内生细菌的物种和生理活性多样性,发现并收集药用植物内生菌资源。【方法】分别从四川和福建等不同生态环境采集蛇足石杉植株,运用纯培养手段,对经过表面消毒处理的蛇足石杉样品进行内生菌的分离、培养;根据菌株16S r RNA基因信息,计算从蛇足石杉不同区系分离获得的内生细菌间的Jaccard指数、多样性指数、优势度指数与均匀度指数等,分析内生菌物种多样性;应用6种筛选模型对分离得到的内生菌进行生理活性测定,初步评价蛇足石杉内生细菌的生理活性多样性和药用价值。【结果】从12份蛇足石杉植物样品中分离获得356株内生菌菌株,菌株16S r RNA基因序列信息显示,分离得到的蛇足石杉内生细菌隶属于放线菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门等3个门的26个科、41个属,来源于蛇足石杉地上和地下部位的菌株数目、多样性指数等无明显差异。从中发现了分属于拟无枝酸菌属(Amycolatopsis)、Angustibacter、节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)、短小杆菌属(Curtobacterium)、Frondihabitans、Glaciihabitans、Jatrophihabitans、Luteimicrobium、Massilia、Naumannella和Tardiphaga等11个属的11个潜在新物种,以及皮生球菌科(Dermacoccaceae)的1个新属。在抗菌活性筛选中,356株纯培养物抗粪肠球菌、抗肺炎克雷伯菌、抗耻垢分枝杆菌以及抗水稻白叶枯病菌的阳性率分别是9.0%、1.4%、2.2%、0.8%;抑制SS04生长的降血脂药物筛选模型上的阳性率是8.1%;抗HIV-1的初筛阳性率为4.5%。共计74株菌在一个或多个筛选模型中显示出活性,初筛总阳性率为20.8%。【结论】蛇足石杉内生细菌具有丰富的物种多样性和生理活性多样性,是进一步发掘新型天然产物的理想菌种资源。     

最新专利文摘

CN102653720A 一株产石杉碱甲的蛇足石杉内生真菌ES026 本发明公开了一株从药用植物蛇足石杉中分离出的内生真菌。本发明分离的内生真菌ES026经分子生物学和形态学鉴定为炭疽属胶孢种（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）,该菌株已保藏在中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为CCTCCM2011046。     

蛇足石杉产石杉碱甲内生真菌SNZ-12的分离及鉴定北大核心CSCD

为了获取具有应用价值的产石杉碱甲内生菌,本文从蛇足石杉分离得到60株内生真菌,采用高效液相色谱法和质谱法分别检测各个真菌的提取物,发现内生真菌SNZ-12的提取物具有与石杉碱甲标品相近的色谱特征峰和保留时间(8. 994 min)以及相同的质谱特征峰((M+H)+=243. 1),说明内生真菌SNZ-12可以产石杉碱甲,其石杉碱甲产量约为1. 01 mg/L;并通过结合内生真菌SNZ-12的形态特征和18S r DNA序列分析,将其鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)。本文结果为利用微生物发酵生产石杉碱甲研究提供了潜在的菌种资源。     

蛇足石杉产石杉碱甲内生真菌SNZ-12的分离及鉴定

为了获取具有应用价值的产石杉碱甲内生菌,本文从蛇足石杉分离得到60株内生真菌,采用高效液相色谱法和质谱法分别检测各个真菌的提取物,发现内生真菌SNZ-12的提取物具有与石杉碱甲标品相近的色谱特征峰和保留时间(8. 994 min)以及相同的质谱特征峰((M+H)+=243. 1),说明内生真菌SNZ-12可以产石杉碱甲,其石杉碱甲产量约为1. 01 mg/L;并通过结合内生真菌SNZ-12的形态特征和18S r DNA序列分析,将其鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)。本文结果为利用微生物发酵生产石杉碱甲研究提供了潜在的菌种资源。     

斑茅内生真菌Nigrospora sp.BM-2次级代谢产物研究

内生菌具有丰富的生物多样性,是潜力巨大的微生物新资源。内生菌的研究对于保护野生与濒危药用植物、拓展药用资源、新药研发等均有一定意义。从药用植物斑茅(Saccharum arundinaceum Retz.)的叶片中分离得到内生真菌Nigrospora sp. BM2,对其代谢产物化学成分进行研究,通过固体发酵,乙酸乙酯萃取得浸膏,其浸膏经硅胶柱层析,Sephadex LH-20,半制备型HPLC等分离手段分离得到10个化合物,经波谱学方法鉴定其结构分别为Pestalotiopyrones G(1)、Nigrosporapyrone D(2)、Pestalotiopyrones A(3)、Hydroxypestalopyrone(4)、Mellein(5)、6-hydroxymellein(6)、4-hydroxymellein(7)、5,8-dihydroxy-4-methyl-coumarin(8)、~1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde(9)和Isosclerone(10)。体外细胞毒活性显示以上化合物对HepG2和Caski细胞均无明显抑制活性,其IC_(50)100μM。除化合物1和5外,其余8个化合物均为首次从该属菌株的代谢产物中分离得到。     

湘西地区蛇足石杉内生真菌的分离

采集不同生境的药用植物蛇足石杉,运用不同灭菌方法处理外植体,并用PDA平板培养基及孟加拉红培养基进行内生真菌的分离纯化.经过几种灭菌方法的摸索和比较研究,发现蛇足石杉外植体的灭菌十分困难(尤其是其茎部),难以在保持植物鲜活状态下达到一次彻底灭菌,有必要二次灭菌.通过二次灭菌分离得到的9株内生真菌中,来自蛇足石杉茎部的6株,来自叶片的3株.蛇足石杉的9株内生真菌在平板培养时生长极其缓慢,仅一株可在培养时产生孢子.     

A novel endophytic Huperzine A–producing fungus,Shiraia sp. Slf14, isolated from Huperzia serrata

Aims: To characterize and identify a novel Huperzine A (HupA)‐producing fungal strain Slf14 isolated from Huperzia serrata (Thunb. ex Murray) Trev. in China. Methods and Results: The isolation, identification and characterization of a novel endophytic fungus producing HupA specifically and consistently from the leaves of H. serrata were investigated. The fungus was identified as Shiraia sp. Slf14 by molecular and morphological methods. The HupA produced by this endophytic fungus was shown to be identical to authentic HupA analysed by thin layer chromatographic, High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), LC‐MS, ¹H NMR and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activity in vitro. The amount of HupA produced by Shiraia sp. Slf14 was quantified to be 327·8 μg l^?1 by HPLC, which was far higher than that of the reported endophytic fungi, Acremonium sp., Blastomyces sp. and Botrytis sp. Conclusions: The production of HupA by endophyte Shiraia sp. Slf14 is an enigmatic observation. It would be interesting to further study the HupA production and regulation by the cultured endophyte in H. serrata and in axenic cultures. Significance and Impact of the Study: Although the current accumulation of HupA by the endophyte is not very high, it could provide a promising alterative approach for large‐scale production of HupA. However, further strain improvement and the fermentation process optimization are required to result in the consistent and dependable production.     

Endophytic fungus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cladosporium cladosporioides</Emphasis> LF70 from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Huperzia serrata</Emphasis> produces Huperzine A

A strain LF70 endophytic fungus was isolated from the leaves of Huperzia serrata. The fungus was identified as Cladosporium cladosporioides LF70 according to its morphological characteristics and nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequence analysis. The strain could produce Huperzine A (HupA) identified through thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with authentic HupA. The amount of HupA produced by this endophytic fungus was quantified to be 56.84 μg/L by HPLC, which was higher than that of other reported endophytic fungi, Acremonium sp., Blastomyces sp., and Botrytis sp. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity of HupA produced by strain LF70 was also similar to authentic HupA in vitro. Isolation of such a fungus may provide a promising alternative approach to producing HupA, which is used in treating Alzheimer’s disease and preventing further memory degeneration.     

Diversity and decomposition potential of endophytes in leaves of a Cinnamomum camphora plantation in China

This study was carried out to improve our understanding of the diversity and decomposition potential of endophytes in the leaves of Cinnamomum camphora trees grown in a subtropical region of China. We isolated and identified endophytic fungi from senescent leaves of C. camphora and tested their role in decomposition through pure-culture and pre-colonization. A total of 2,861 endophytic fungi isolated from 69 leaves of C. camphora were grouped into 39 taxa comprising 36 Ascomycetes and 3 Basidiomycetes based on sporulation and ITS sequence analysis. Of these, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was the most common species (69% relative abundance and 96% colonization frequency), followed by Cladosporium sp.1, Colletotrichum sp. and Chaetomium sp. All 39 endophytes had the ability to decompose C. camphora leaf litter in pure culture, and a few exhibited >20% litter mass loss in 2 months. In most cases, single endopyhytic species showed lower mass loss than mixed microbial groups from active soil after 60 or 120 days. In pre-inoculation, endophytic fungi like Chaetomium sp., Cladosporium sp.1, C. gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum sp. and Guignardia sp. exhibited higher abundance and caused greater mass loss, indicating the potential of these groups to enter and significantly accelerate the process of decomposition. This study concludes that, after entering the decomposition process, selected endophytic fungi with high abundance could influence significantly the decomposition process and thus probably affect carbon and nutrient cycling in C. camphora plantations.     

Fungal endophytes from leaves of Avicennia marina growing in semi-arid environment as a promising source for bioactive compounds

Endophytic fungi are broadly dispersed residing inside plant tissues and have been demonstrated as a treasure for bioactive natural products. Unexplored harsh and heavy metal contaminant habitat of Avicennia marina may have diverse and potential fungal association. Therefore, this work aimed to isolate the culturable fungal endophytes associated with leaves of A. marina and to evaluate their medical potentialities. Seventeen isolates of endophyte fungi were isolated from healthy leaves and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated. Results showed that isolates had activity against micro-organisms in addition to their antioxidant activity produced a variety of phenolic compounds, besides exhibited a lowest cytotoxicity against ATCC-CCL-81 cell line. Consequently, selected endophytic fungal isolates were identified genetically as Chaetomium sp., Chaetomium madrasense, Chaetomium sp., Chaetomium globosum, Aspergillus hiratsukae, Aspergillus ochraceus, Alternaria tenuissima and Curvularia lunata with gene bank accession numbers MT089951, MT089952, MT089953, MT089954, MT089955, MT089956, MT089957 and MT089958 respectively. The most potent fungus extract was analysed using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry which verified the presence of numerous bioactive compounds. These findings confirmed that new endophytic fungal strains derived from A. marina thrive in harsh ecosystem produce bioactive metabolites which can be recommended as a novel source for drug discovery.     

蛇足石杉内生真菌产黄青霉菌MT-40中xanthocillin类似物生物合成基因簇的挖掘及鉴定

Xanthocillin具有显著的抗菌活性,结构中含有独特的异腈基。本文通过对蛇足石杉(Huperzia serrata)内生真菌产黄青霉菌(Penicillium chrysogenum)MT-40基因组的测序分析,利用本地BLAST等生物信息学分析工具挖掘具有合成xanthocillin类似物潜力的基因簇,结合米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)NSAR1异源表达技术实现基因簇中关键基因的功能鉴定。结果成功从内生真菌P.chrysogenum MT-40中发现一个合成xanthocillin类似物的生物合成基因簇(命名为for),for基因簇中的关键生物合成基因forB编码的异腈基合成酶可以催化合成2-formamido-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid,基因forG编码的P450酶可以催化2-formamido-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid的二聚化生成xanthocillin类似物N,N′-(1,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)buta-1,3-diene-2,3-diyl)diformamide。本文研究结果为进一步从真菌中发现xanthocillin类似物提供参考。     

Efficient strategy for maintaining and enhancing the huperzine A production of Shiraia sp. Slf14 through inducer elicitation

Huperzine A (HupA), a naturally occurring lycopodium alkaloid, is a potent, highly specific and reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and is a potential treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. However, isolating HupA from Huperziaceae plants is inefficient; thus, extracting this compound from endophytic fungi may be more controllable and sustainable. However, the large-scale production of this chemical from endophytes is limited by the innate instability of endophytic fungi. In this study, we maintained the stability and viability of the HupA-producing endophytic fungus Shiraia sp. Slf14 and enhanced the HupA titers during fermentation by adding Huperzia serrata extracts (HSE), l-lysine, and acetic acid into the culture as inducers. Adding trace amounts of HupA clearly improved the HupA production of Shiraia sp. Slf14, reaching a maximum content of approximately 40 μg g^?1. Moreover, the addition of HSE and l-lysine promoted HupA production in the flask fermentation. The aforementioned bioprocessing strategy may be potentially applied to other endophytic fungal culture systems for the efficient production of plant secondary metabolites.     

Endophytic fungi from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nerium oleander</Emphasis> L (Apocynaceae): main constituents and antioxidant activity

Diverse endophytic fungi exist within plant aerial tissues, with a global estimate of up to a million undescribed species. These endophytes constitute a rich bio-resource for exploration to discover new natural products. Here we investigate fungal endophytes associated with a medicinal plant, Nerium oleander L. (Apocynaceae). A total of 42 endophytic fungal strains were isolated from the host plant. Total antioxidant capacity, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, antimicrobial activity, and total phenolic content (TPC) were evaluated for 16 representative fungal cultures grown in improved Czapek’s broth and for the host plant. The total antioxidant capacities and phenolic contents of the fungal cultures ranged from 9.59 to 150.79 μmol trolox/100 mL culture, and from 0.52 to 13.95 mg gallic acid/100 mL culture, respectively. The fungal culture of an endophytic strain Chaetomium sp. showed the strongest antioxidant capacity, contained the highest level of phenolics, and to some extent inhibited xanthine oxidase activity with an IC₅₀ value of 109.8 μg/mL. A significant positive correlation was found between antioxidant capacity and TPC in the tested samples. Most of the endophytic fungal cultures tested have a wide range of antimicrobial activities, which were not very strong, but much better than those of the host plant. The major bioactive constituents of the fungal cultures were investigated using LC-ESI-MS and GC-MS, and preliminary identification detected phenolics (e.g. phenolic acids and their derivatives, flavonoids) and volatile and aliphatic compounds. This study shows that the endophytic fungi isolated from N. oleander can be a potential antioxidant resource.     

药用植物青蒿不同种类的内生菌抑菌活性分析

为了研究青蒿不同种类的内生菌抑制细菌和抑制真菌的活性,该研究采用组织块法和研磨法从青蒿的根、茎、叶中分离内生细菌、放线菌和真菌,以大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)(CICC 23657)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)(CICC 10275)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)(CICC 10384)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)(CICC 2487)、酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)(CICC 33032)为指示菌,采用琼脂块法和双层平板法检测内生菌的抑菌活性。结果表明:(1)从青蒿植株中共分离到76株内生菌,其中内生细菌19株、内生放线菌34株、内生真菌23株。从分离部位来看,56株来自于茎段、17株来自于根段、3株来自叶片。(2)内生细菌中抑菌活性菌株占总菌株的比例最高,为95%,内生放线菌和内生真菌中抑菌活性菌株的比例分别为41%、35%。(3)内生细菌的抗菌谱较广;虽然内生放线菌的抗菌谱较窄,但其中高抗菌株较多,尤其对酿酒酵母的抑菌效果好。综上结果显示,药用植物青蒿中存在着丰富的有抑菌活性的内生菌,且不同种类的内生菌抑菌活性不同。     

湖北烟草内生真菌生物多样性和种群结构分析

【目的】研究传统药用植物烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)内生真菌的丰富度,揭示其种群多样性和群落结构,为烟草内生真菌资源的有效利用奠定基础。【方法】采用组织分离法进行烟草内生真菌的分离,通过形态学和分子生物学相结合的方法进行菌株分类鉴定,以香农多样性指数及相对分离频率反映内生真菌物种多样性及分布规律。【结果】从不同组织部位、不同生长时期、不同海拔样地的健康烟草中共分离获得539株内生真菌,根据r DNA-ITS系统发育分析鉴定为31属73种,香农多样性指数为2.78,曲霉属Aspergillus和镰孢属Fusarium为优势菌群,其相对分离频率分别为22.63%和12.99%。其分布规律表现为茎部内生真菌的多样性高于叶部和根部;随着生育期的延长,内生真菌多样性逐步增多;随着海拔高度升高,内生真菌的种类和数量呈现降低的趋势。【结论】烟草内生真菌具有丰富的生物多样性,其分布表现出组织、生长时期、海拔高度专化性。阐明内生真菌在烟草中的分布规律,可以为烟草内生真菌在农业生产领域的开发应用提供科学依据。