4 new species of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Central Asia, Siberia and the Far East

Four new species of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) are described. Helodon rezidentsii Yankovsky, sp. n., Khabarovsk Territory, differs from all known species of the genus with morphology of eyes consisting only of microommatidii in male; from related species H. kamtshaticus (Rubzov, 1940) with large triangular posteromedial lobes of branches of genital fork in female; with number of rays of primary fan of premandibles (20-22, when in H. kamtshaticus 30-32) in larva. Helodon submulticaulis Yankovsky, sp. n., Transbaikalia, differs from related species H. multicaulis (Popov, 1968) with number of rays of primary fan of mandibles (36-40, when in H. multicaulis 26-28), narrow anterior branches of anal sclerite, number of rows of hooks in posterior attachment organ (88-92, when in H. multicaulis 78-80) in larva; with morphology of respiratory organ, consisting of 5-8 lobes bearing 40-60 tune filaments (in H. multicaulis 3-4 lobes bearing more than 150 filaments) in pupa. Sch. samarkandica Yankovsky, sp. n., Uzbekistan, differs from related species Sch. pseudopusilla Rubzov, 1956 with 3 (not 2 as in Sch. pseudopusilla) hooks in parameres, bifurcated lateral branches of X sternite, long projection of gonostyles in male. Schoenbaueria ivdelensis Yankovsky, sp. n., Middle Ural, differs from related species Sch. rangiferina (Rubzov, 1956) with prolonged gonostyles bearing narrow projection in male; with number of rays of secondary fan of premandibles (20-28, when in Sch. rangiferina 44-48), deep ventral groove of cephalic capsule, number of rows of hooks in posterior attachment organ (80-82, when in Sch. rangiferina 70-72) in larva; with morphology of respiratory organ (very long stems of 2 and 3 pairs of filaments) in pupa.     

Morphology of the blackfly species group macropyga of the genus Prosimulium roubaud, 1906, and re-establishment of the generic name Taeniopterna Enderlein, 1925 for this group (Diptera: Simuliidae)

The genus Taeniopterna with the types species Melusina macropyga Lundstrom, 1911 was proposed by Enderlein in 1925. Later this taxon was considered as the species group macropyga in the genus Prosimulium Roubaud, 1906 by many authors (Rubzov, 1956; Crosskey et Howard, 1997; Adler et al., 2004, and others). However, differences between this group and the remaining species of Prosimulium s. str. (species group hirtipes/mixtum) seem to be not lesser, than those between other genera (or subgenera) of the tribe Prosimuliini (in our sense), namely Helodon Enderlein, 1921, Urosimulium Contini, 1963, Parahelodon Peterson, 1970, and Distosimulium Peterson, 1970. Taeniopterna differs from other genera of Prosimuliini by the following characters. Imago differs from all other genera in having shortened proboscic (1.5 times shorter than clypeus, while in other genera it is of the same length with clypeus). It differs from all genera except Helodon in having relatively prolonged and lightly pointed distally wings (in other genera wings are wide and rounded distally). Male differs from all other genera of the tribe, except Urosimulium, in having narrow frons between the eyes. It differs from the Urosimulium male by conic gonostyles (in Urosimulium gonostyles bear the large heel). Female differs from all other genera of tribe by very small spermatheca (1/3-1/5 of the lenght of the branch of genital fork (while in other genera spermatheca is equal or longer, than the branch of genital fork) and by the absence of serration on maxillae and mandibles. Female also differs from other genera of the tribe, except Prosimulium, by very long hypogynal valves and by missing or very small and pressed basal tooth of claws (in Helodon, Urosimulium, Parahelodon, and Distosimulium hypogynal valves are short and rounded, basal tooth of claws is moderate or large and put aside). It differs from Prosimulium by smaller head (more narrow than thorax, while in Prosimulium head is near equal by width with thorax) and by absence of sclerotization on the medial edges of hypogynal valves. Larva differs from all other genera of the tribe, except Prosimulium, in having long dorsoventral projections of wide sclerotized band of prothorax (in other genera this band is narrow and without projections). It differs from Prosimulium by another pattern of the hypostomal teeth. Pupa differs from all other genera of the tribe, except Distosimulium, by cocoon covering all the pupal body (in other genera cocoon covers only posterior part of the pupal body). It differs from Distosimulium by long and strong caudal thorns (in Distosimulium caudal thorns are of moderate length and more thin). These and some other characters give the base for the proposition to consider the species group macropyga as a a separate genus Taeniopterna Enderlein, 1925. A list of Taeniopterna species is given.     

新疆蚋属一新种（双翅目：蚋科）

本文记述新疆塔城地区蚋属Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ特蚋亚属Ｔｅｔｉｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ－新种,塔城特蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｔｅｔｉｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｔａｃｈｅｎｇｅｎｓｅｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。该种与Ｓ．（Ｔ．）ａｌａｊｅｎｓｅＳ．（Ｔ．）ａｌａｊｅｎｓｅｈｉｅｍａｌｉｓ,Ｓ．（Ｔ．）ｋｏｚｌｏｖｉ和Ｓ．（Ｔ．）ｃｏａｒｃｌａｔａｍ蚋种相似．     

西藏林芝真蚋亚属三新种（双翅目：蚋科）

本文记述西藏林芝真蚋亚属Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ三种：凸端真蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｃｏｎｃａｖｕｓｔｙｌｕｍｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．、林芝真蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｌｉｎｇｚｉｅｎｓｅｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．、裂缘真蚋Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｅｕｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ）ｓｃｈｉｚｏｌｏｍｕｎｓｐ．ｎｏｖ 。     

Blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the Lapland State Biosphere Nature Reserve, with description of a new species of the genus Argentisimulium Rubzov et Yankovsky, 1982

Eleven blackfly species were collected in the southern part of the Lapland State Biosphere Nature Reserve. Among these, six species, Prosimulium macropyga (Lundström, 1911), Boreosimulium annulus (Lundström, 1911), Schoenbaneria pusilla (Fries, 1824), Odagmia rotundata Rubzov, 1956, Archesimulium tuberosum (Lundström, 1911), and Argentisimulium noelleri (Friederichs, 1920) are common in this region; Archesimulium polare (Rubzov, 1940) is recorded from the Kola Peninsula for the first time; Gnus decimatum (Dorogostajsky et al., 1935) is recorded from the northern part of European Russia for the first time. A new species, Argentisimulium tshuni sp. n., is described from the male, larva, and pupa. The diagnostic characters of the new species are as follows. The male differs from those of the all other species in the presence of a conical projection in the distal part of the gonostylus, absence of an apical spine, presence of one very large spine in the parameres, and shorter gonostylus. In addition, the male differs from most of the congeners in the obsolete basal wrinkled part of the gonofurca. The larva differs from those of the majority of the related species in the presence of only one row of the inner mandibular spines. Records of two species, Helodon ferrugineus (Wahlberg, 1844) and Stegopterna trigonia (Lundström, 1911), identified from a few early-instar larvae, need confirmation. The type material of the new species is deposited at the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg.     

中国蒙新区土蝽科一新种及四新纪录：半翅目：土蝽科

本文记录了我国蒙新区土蝽科１新种：新疆光土蝽Ｓｅｈｉｒｕｓ ｘｉｎｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。及４个中国新纪录种：黄圆土蝽Ｂｙｓｉｎｕｓ ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌａｔｕｓ Ｅ．Ｗａｇｎｅｒ,小圆土蝽Ｂ．ｍｉｎｏｒ Ｅ．Ｗａｇｎｅｒ,光头伊土蝽Ａｅｔｈｕｓ ｌａｅｖｉｃｅｐｓ Ｋｅｒｚｈｅｒ及斜光土蝽Ｓ．ｐａｒｅｎｓ Ｍｕｌｓａｎｔ ｅｔ Ｒｅｙ。     

Phlebotomus from Madagascar (Diptera: Psychodidae). III--Description of Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) fontenillei n. sp

The male of Phlebotomus (Anaphlebotomus) fontenillei n. sp. is described from Namoroka area (Madagascar). Its belongs to the subgenus Anaphlebotomus: style with four spines, coxite without basal process and paramere with two branches. It shares with P. berentiensis an original and exclusive antennal formula: 2/III-XII which distinguishes them from P. fertei. P. fontenillei n. sp. differs mainly from P. berentiensis by about 40 setae in tuft on the ventral face of the coxite, the length of the genital ducts and the position of the spines on the style. Sequence of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is very informative: the male of P. fontenillei n. sp. cannot be linked to the female of P. huberti (male unknown) regarding the size of amplified DNA fragment (459 bp versus 600 respectively) and the high degree of variability. There are few differences (10 mutations) between the sequences of P. fontenillei n. sp. and P. berentiensis which are closely related species.     

Microcotyle omanae n. sp. (Monogenea: Microcotylidae), a parasite of Cheimerius nufar (Valenciennes) (Sparidae) from the Arabian Sea

Microcotyle omanae n. sp. (Monogenea: Microcotylidae) is described from the gills of Cheimerius nufar (Valenciennes) (Sparidae) from the Arabian Sea. The new species closely resembles Microcotyle arripis Sandars, 1945, M. helotes Sandars, 1944, M. caudata Goto, 1984 and M. sebastis Goto, 1984, which have also been found in the Indo-Pacific. Microcotyle omanae n. sp. differs from M. arripis, M. helotes and M. caudata by its greater number of testes, from M. arripis, M. helotes by its greater length of the genital atrium, length/width ratio of the genital atrium and length of the eggs, and from M. helotes also in greater width of the clamps, from M. caudata and M. sebastis in its greater number of clamps and additionally from M. sebastis by its smaller genital atrial spines and clamps and by the ratio between length and width of the genital atrium. Moreover, the mature specimens of the new species have greater average body length than all above mentioned species. Correlations between 15 morphometric characters and body length are analysed in the new species, and their significance for species differentiation is discussed.     

A new species, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Orphnus drumonti</Emphasis> sp. n. (Coleoptera,Scarabaeidae), from the Democratic Republic of Congo

Three new scarab-beetle species are described. Aphodius moronensis sp. n. (northern Mongolia) and A. kozlovi sp. n (eastern Tibet) with modified spurs on fore tibiae in males are placed in the falcispinis group of the subgenus Agolius but are similar to the grafi group of the subgenus Chilothorax in the shape of parameres and elytral pattern. The new species differ from A. falcispinis in the shape of the spur; A. moronensis sp. n. also differs in the shape of the body and parameres. Orphnus transvaalensis sp. n. is the second apterous Orphnus species found in Southern Africa. It differs from the closely related O. harrisoni in the shape of parameres, position of the hornlike clypeal process, and in a smaller body size.     

Neopolystoma fentoni n. sp. (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) a parasite of the conjunctival sac of freshwater turtles in Costa Rica

Neopolystoma fentoni n. sp. is described from the conjunctival sac of Kinosternon leucostomum (Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril 1851) and Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima (Gray 1855) from the Guanacaste Conservation Area in Costa Rica. The new species differs from all other species of Neopolystoma, except N. elizabethae Platt 2000 in possessing a circle of eight genital spines that are recurved and possess a crescent-shaped base. N. fentoni n. sp. differs from N. elizabethae in lacking cecal diverticula and in a number of morphometric criteria.     

A new species of Oswaldocruzia (Molineidae: Nematoda) in Chaunus marinus (Amphibian: Bufonidae) (Linneaus, 1758) from Brazil

Oswaldocruzia belenensis n. sp. (Strongylida: Molineidae) from the small intestine of Chaunus marinus (L.) from Belém, Pará State, Brazil is described and illustrated by light and scanning electron microscopy. Oswaldocruzia belenensis n. sp. is a neotropical species of this genus, harboring caudal bursa Type II, spicules divided in 3 branches, i.e., a blade, shoe, and fork. The blade is divided in 4 points, of which at least 2 are bifurcated. Cervical alae are absent; there is a simple cephalic vesicle and synlophe with low ridges perpendicular to the body without chitinous supports. The most closely related species are O. bonsi and O. lescurei. Oswaldocruzia belenensis n. sp. differs from O. lescurei and O. bonsi by the number and location of cephalic papillae, rays 2-3 and 5-6 running parallel and slightly separated, ray 6 not overlapping ray 8, and body structure morphometry. Oswaldocruzia belenensis n sp. also differs from O. lescurei by the discontinuity of the longitudinal ridges, the number of subdivisions of the blade, and the absence of extra processes at the bifurcation level of the fork of the spicules. The new species differs from O. bonsi by male and female body dimensions, the symmetry of the caudal bursa, dimension and subdivisions of the spicules without extra processes of the fork, 2 extra processes at the distal division of the blade, and location of ray 7 at the anterior margin of the cloacal aperture. Oswaldocruzia belenensis n. sp. represents the 82nd species assigned to the genus.     

Euastacus morgani sp. n., a new spiny crayfish (Crustacea, Decapoda, Parastacidae) from the highland rainforests of eastern New South Wales, Australia

Euastacus morgani sp. n., is described from a highland, rainforest site in Bindarri National Park, in eastern New South Wales, Australia. Euastacus morgani is found living sympatrically with two more common species, Euastacus dangadi Morgan, 1997 and Euastacus neohirsutus Riek, 1956. Systematically, the species belongs in the 'simplex' complex of the genus that includes Euastacus simplex Riek, 1956, Euastacus clarkae Morgan, 1997, Euastacus maccai McCormack and Coughran 2008 and E. morgani. This new species differs from its nearest congenor, Euastacus simplex, in having three mesial carpal spines. A key to the 'simplex' complex is presented.     

Batwanema gen. n. and Chokwenema gen. n. (Oxyurida,?Hystrignathidae), new nematode genera?as parasites of Passalidae (Coleoptera) from the Democratic Republic of Congo

Two new genera and species parasitizing passalid beetles from the Democratic Republic of Congo are described. Batwanema congo gen. n. et sp. n. is characterized by having females with the cervical cuticle armed with scale-like projections, arranged initially in rows of eight elements that gradually divide and form pointed spines toward the end of the spiny region, two cephalic annuli, clavate procorpus and genital tract monodelphic-prodelphic. Two Malagasian species of Artigasia Christie, 1934 were placed in this genus as B. latum (Van Waerebeke, 1973) comb. n. and B. annulatum (Van Waerebeke, 1973) comb. n. Chokwenema lepidophorum gen. n. et sp. n. is characterized by having females with the cervical cuticle armed with scale-like projections, arranged initially in rows of eight elements (similar to Batwanema) that divide gradually, forming spines; a single cephalic annule cone-like, truncated, moderately inflated; procorpus sub-cylindrical and genital tract didelphic-amphidelphic.     

云南省蚋科一新种：双翅目：蚋科

本文报道云南省蚋科一新种：谭氏梯蚋Ｔｉａｎｏｐｔｅｒｙｘ ｔａｎａｅ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。标本采自大理市郊一小溪中。新种雄虫的生殖腹板和雌虫的生殖叉突较近似于斯里兰卡的Ｓｉｍｕｌｉｕｍ（Ｂｙｓｓｏｄｏｎ）ｌａｎｇｕｉｄｕｍ Ｄａｖｉｅｓ ｅｔＧｙｏｒｋｏｓ,但其他特征有明显的不同。     

New species of Moravecia (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) from body cavity of marine perciform fish Percophis brasiliensis in Argentina

A new species of dracunculoid nematode, Moravecia argentinensis n. sp. (Guyanemidae), is described from the blood vessels and body cavity of Brazilian flathead, Percophis brasiliensis Quoy et Gaimard (Perciformes: Percophidae), from off the coast of Argentina. The new species differs from the only other congeneric species, Moravecia australiensis Ribu et Lester, 2004, mainly in the number (14) of cephalic papillae, the length ratio of the muscular and glandular portions of esophagus (1:1-2), more numerous (3-5 pairs) genital papillae in the male, and the presence of a sclerotized copulatory plate. This is the second known species of Moravecia Ribu et Lester, 2004 and the first species of this genus reported from South American waters.     

Dentiphilometra monopteri n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Philometridae) from the abdominal cavity of the ricefield eel Monopterus albus in China

A new genus and species of philometrid nematode Dentiphilometra monopteri n. gen., n. sp., are described on the basis of the specimens found in the abdominal cavity of the ricefield eel (swamp-eel) Monopterus albus (Zouiev) from Liangzi Lake (the Yangtze River drainage system), Hubei Province, in central China. Dentiphilometra, assigned to the Philometrinae, differs from other genera of this subfamily mainly in the presence of a sclerotized oral ring armed on its inner surface by numerous small peribuccal teeth in the gravid female. The new species is characterized by minute cephalic papillae, a greatly developed anterior esophageal bulb separated from the cylindrical part of the esophagus, anterior extention of the esophageal gland anterior to the nerve ring, and by large caudal projections in females and equal spicules 0.051-0.096 mm long in males. This is the second philometrid species recorded from fishes of the Synbranchiformes.     

New species of the bristletail families Ateluridae and Lepismatidae (Zygentoma) from Abkhazia and Adygea

Four new species of the bristletail families Ateluridae (Atelura abkhazica sp. n. and Nipponatelurina caucasica sp. n.) and Lepismatidae (Lepisma xylophila sp. n. and L. adygei sp. n.) are described. Atelura abkhazica sp. n. differs from the other species of the genus Atelura in a smaller size, smaller number of ovipositor divisions, in the presence of apical sensory cones on the male parameres, which are absent in the other species of the genus, and in a fewer number of lateral pegs on urotergite X. The genus Nipponatelurina comprises two species (N. kurosai Mendes et Machida, 1994 and N. caucasica sp. n.). The distinguishing features of N. caucasica sp. n. include a significant number of short minute thin cilia on the head capsule, a longer ultimate segment of the maxillary palp, and a fewer number of setae at the posterior margin of urosternites IV–VII. Lepisma xylophila sp. n. differs from L. saccharinum and L. chlorosoma in the distribution of epidermic pigment and in the urotergites chaetom. Lepisma adygei sp. n. is most closely related to the synanthropic species L. saccharinum, but differs in the size of the body, color of scales on the upper surface of the body, and in the structure of the labial palps, urotergite X, ovipositor, and parameres.     

New scarab-beetle species (Coleoptera,Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae,Orphninae) from Central Asia and Southern Africa

Three new scarab-beetle species are described. Aphodius moronensis sp. n. (northern Mongolia) and A. kozlovi sp. n (eastern Tibet) with modified spurs on fore tibiae in males are placed in the falcispinis group of the subgenus Agolius but are similar to the grafi group of the subgenus Chilothorax in the shape of parameres and elytral pattern. The new species differ from A. falcispinis in the shape of the spur; A. moronensis sp. n. also differs in the shape of the body and parameres. Orphnus transvaalensis sp. n. is the second apterous Orphnus species found in Southern Africa. It differs from the closely related O. harrisoni in the shape of parameres, position of the hornlike clypeal process, and in a smaller body size.