2株海洋来源产浅蓝霉素A的异壁放线菌的分离和鉴定

利用抗菌及卤虫致死活性模型,从中国南海海底沉积物来源的微生物中筛选到2株放线菌SCSIO WJ01和SCSIO ZJ63,其发酵产物具有较强活性,经16S rRNA基因序列分析这2株放线菌均为异壁放线菌Actinoalloteichus sp.。HPLC-DAD分析显示2株放线菌能产生同一个主要的次级代谢产物,通过正相硅胶柱色谱、反相中压柱色谱、半制备高效液相色谱等手段,从SCSIO WJ01的发酵产物中分离获得了该化合物,运用ESI-MS、1H及13C NMR波谱分析鉴定为浅蓝霉素A(Caerulomycin A)。此外,还从SCSIO WJ01的发酵产物中分离鉴定了浅蓝霉素D。     

海洋来源真菌Aspergillus sp.SCSIO 81-F2抗菌活性次级代谢产物的研究

采用抑菌活性追踪的方法,利用硅胶柱色谱和半制备反相高效液相色谱法对一株南海海洋来源真菌SCSIO 81-F2的发酵产物进行分离,纯化获得3个单体化合物,通过理化性质、MS、NMR及X-单晶衍射分析,分别鉴定为xanthocillin X dimethylether(1)、xanthocillin X monomethylether(2)、6',8'-dimethoxy xanthocillin X dimethylether(3)。经18S r DNA序列分析并构建系统发育进化树,鉴定该菌株为曲霉属真菌Aspergillus sp.SCSIO 81-F2。海洋曲霉菌Aspergillus sp.SCSIO 81-F2是一个能产生具有抗菌活性xanthocillin类抗生素的新来源。     

南海深海链霉菌Streptomyces albiflaviniger SCSIO ZJ28中Elaiophylin的分离鉴定

从我国南海深海沉积物中分离得到一株放线菌SCSIO ZJ28,通过16S rRNA基因序列分析鉴定为Streptomyces albiflaviniger SCSIO ZJ28.对该菌株采用M-AM2ab培养基进行发酵,以溶剂萃取获得发酵提取物,通过卤虫致死活性、抑菌活性和HPLC-UV追踪,利用正相、反相硅胶柱层析和半制备高效液相色谱法分离,得到化合物1.经ESI-MS,1H及13C NMR,2D NMR和X-RD单晶衍射分析鉴定为大环内酯类化合物elaiophylin(1).     

湛江红树林可培养内生真菌多样性及Stemphyliums sp. SCSIO 40436次生代谢产物分离与鉴定

【背景】红树林生态系统位于陆地和海洋的交汇地带,具有巨大的生态价值和经济效益。红树林内生真菌种类丰富,次生代谢产物结构多样、活性优异,是小分子天然产物和药物研发的重要来源。【目的】从湛江红树林植物样品分离、鉴定和筛选内生真菌,分离筛选菌株Stemphyliums sp. SCSIO 40436次生代谢产物并进行活性筛选。【方法】基于ITS序列鉴定种属研究内生真菌多样性;通过高效液相色谱和滤纸片扩散法筛选大米和燕麦固体培养基培养菌株的化学多样性及抑菌活性。应用硅胶、凝胶和反相色谱等色谱学方法分离纯化;应用高分辨质谱、核磁、X射线单晶衍射、圆二色谱等波谱手段确定化合物的平面结构与立体构型;采用微量肉汤稀释法测定分离化合物的最小抑菌浓度。【结果】从湛江高桥红树林植物样品分离纯化获得52株内生真菌,通过ITS序列比对归属于29个属。筛选到菌株Stemphylium sp. SCSIO 40436,从其发酵粗提物中分离得到5个聚酮化合物stemphol (1)、macrosporin (2)、altersolanol A (3)、alterporriol E (4)和alterporriol D...     

柳珊瑚共附生放线菌Streptomyces sp. SCSGAA0009中生物碱类化合物及其抗菌和抗附着活性

【目的】从南海柳珊瑚共附生放线菌的次生代谢产物中寻找具有抗菌和抗附着活性的先导化合物。【方法】应用化学与生物活性相结合的筛选方法,从柳珊瑚共附生微生物中筛选获得代谢产物丰富且具有生物活性的目标菌株并通过大发酵提取浸膏,利用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱和高效液相色谱等方法对发酵产物进行分离、纯化,运用波谱解析鉴定化合物的结构。【结果】从采自海南三亚的柳珊瑚(Muricella flexuosa)样品中分离到一株放线菌SCSGAA0009,鉴定为链霉属Streptomycessp.,从其改良ISP2发酵液中分离到新化合物N-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)propionamide(1)和已知化合物phenazine-1-carboxylic acid(2),其中化合物2对大肠杆菌和海洋细菌假单胞菌(Pseudoaltermonas piscida)具有较好抗菌活性,且有强抗草苔虫(Bugulaneritina)幼虫附着活性。【结论】首次从柳珊瑚共附生放线菌的次生代谢产物中获得新的生物碱化合物1,首次报道化合物2的抗海洋细菌活性和抗附着活性;从南海柳珊瑚共附生微生物的次生代谢产物中可以得到新化合物和活性化合物,这一来源的微生物资源值得深入研究。     

红树林放线菌Stremptmeces costaricanus SCSIO ZS0073抗菌活性次级代谢产物的研究

从红沙公园的红树林泥土中分离得到一株生产较强抑菌活性次级代谢产物的放线菌Strepomyces costaricanus SCSIO ZS0073,采用滤纸片法进行抑菌活性追踪,并利用硅胶、凝胶柱层析和HPLC等分离手段对其发酵产物进行分离纯化,得到3个化合物,通过NMR、MS等波谱数据分析并参阅文献将3个化合物分别鉴定为放线菌素D、放线菌素X_(Oβ)和制霉色基素(fungichromin)。其中放线菌素D在发酵条件未优化的情况下产量就达到300 mg/L以上。     

深海来源链霉菌Streptomyces griseorubens SCSIO ZY0206多酚蒽酮类代谢产物的研究

从中国南海北部3563 m深的沉积物中分离获得放线菌SCSIO ZY0206,经16S分子生物学鉴定为Streptomyces griseorbens.其发酵产物具有抗菌活性,进而以抗菌活性为指导,采用硅胶柱层析及半制备高效液相色谱法对其代谢产物进行追踪分离,得到4个多酚蒽酮类化合物,经HR-ESI-MS、ESI-MS、1H及13C NMR和HMBC谱鉴定为resistoflavine(1)、resistomycin(2)、1-hydroxy-l-norresistomycin (3)和tetracenomycin D (4).     

海洋链霉菌Streptomyces sp.SCSIO 1667中吲哚咔唑生物碱类成分的研究

运用大孔树脂柱及硅胶柱层析对南海海洋链霉菌Streptomyces sp.SCSIO 1667的代谢产物进行了研究,从SCSIO 1667菌株的发酵产物中分离得到两个indolocarbazole生物碱类化合物,经质谱,1D、2D NMR波谱数据分析鉴定为星形孢菌素(staurosporine,1)和K-252d(2)。     

石磺来源海洋链霉菌Streptomyces ardesiacus SCSIO LO23中germicidin类化合物的分离鉴定及其生物合成分析

海洋共附生放线菌具有生产结构特殊和活性显著化合物的潜力。【目的】以海洋软体动物石磺Onchidium sp.来源共附生海洋链霉菌Streptomyces ardesiacus SCSIO LO23为研究对象,分离并鉴定其次级代谢产物结构,分析化合物的生物合成基因簇及其生物合成途径。【方法】采用多种培养基对该菌株进行发酵优化并放大发酵,利用多种柱色谱方法分离得到germicidin类化合物,并利用波谱学手段和X-Ray单晶衍射技术完成化合物的结构鉴定;利用Illumina HiSeq对目标菌株进行全基因组测序,结合antiSMASH和BLAST在线分析软件实现菌株中germicidin类化合物生物合成基因功能注释和生物合成途径分析,并通过异源表达进一步确定其生物合成基因。【结果】从AM3培养基发酵产物中分离鉴定了6个吡喃酮类化合物germicidinA(1)、germicidinB(2)、germicidin D (3)、germicidin H (4)、isogermicidin A (5)和isogermicidin B (6),其中化合物2和6对斑马鱼神经行为有显著兴奋作用。通过对...     

海洋真菌Arthrinium sp. UJNMF0008代谢产物的研究

为丰富海洋真菌的化学多样性,发现海洋真菌活性代谢产物,对海洋沉积物来源真菌Arthriniumsp.UJNMF0008的化学成分及其生物活性进行研究,采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、反向柱色谱和高效液相色谱等方法从海洋沉积物来源真菌Arthriniumsp.UJNMF0008的发酵提取物中分离到5个化合物,通过核磁共振、质谱等方法,结合文献对照,鉴定了化合物的结构分别为arthoneF(1)、arthoneG(2)、sydoxanthoneC(3)、(3R,4R)-cis-4-hydroxymellein(4)和2-(2′S-hydroxypropyl)-5-methyl-7-hydroxychromone(5),其中化合物1和2是新化合物,化合物3首次从该属真菌中分离到。活性测试显示,化合物1~5在50μmoL/L的测试浓度下均没有表现出明显的抗氧自由基活性、抗菌活性以及NO释放抑制活性。     

New antifungal flavone glycoside from Butea monosperma O. Kuntze

A new bioactive flavone glycoside was isolated from the methanol soluble fraction of the flowers of Butea monosperma O. Kuntze, which was identified as 5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,4'-trimethoxyflavone-7-O-alpha-L-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (1) by several colour reactions, chemical degradations and spectral analysis. The compound 1 shows antimicrobial activity against various fungal species.     

Chemical Constituents from the Seeds of Ziziphus jujuba var. Spinosa (Bunge) Hu

To search for new and bioactive minor components from traditional Chinese medicines, a new compound, named jujuphenoside (1), was isolated from the seeds of Ziziphusjujuba var. spinosa (Bunge)Hu. The structure of jujuphenoside was elucidated by spectral and chemical methods, particularly twodimensional nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Together with the new compound, 22 known compounds were also isolated and identified from the seeds of Z. jujuba var. spinosa, among which, epiceanothic acid (2) was first obtained from natural resources, whereas compounds 7-16 were first obtained from this plant.     

Chemical Constituents of the Roots of Vernonia cumingiana Benth.

To search for new and bioactive constituents from traditional Chinese medicines, a new steroidal saponin, named vernonioside G （1）, was isolated from the roots of Vernonia cumingiana Benth. （Compositae）. The structure of vernonioside G was elucidated using spectral methods, particularly two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Together with the new compound, eight known compounds were also isolated and identified from the roots of V. cumingiana, among which, VE-1 （2） and 24-methylenelanost-9（11）- en-3β-ol acetate （3） were assigned NMR data for the first time and compound 3 was obtained as a natural product from a plant for the first time.     

Optimization and production of pyrrolidone antimicrobial agent from marine sponge-associated Streptomyces sp. MAPS15

Twenty-nine actinobacterial strains were isolated from marine sponge Spongia officinalis and screened for antagonistic activity against various bacterial and fungal pathogens. The active antibiotic producer MAPS15 was identified as Streptomyces sp. using 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. The critical control factors were selected from Plackett–Burman (PB) factorial design and the bioprocess medium was optimized by central composite design (CCD) for the production of bioactive metabolite from Streptomyces sp. MAPS15. The maximum biomass and active compound production obtained with optimized medium was 6.13 g/L and 62.41 mg/L, respectively. The economical carbon source, paddy straw was applied for the enhanced production of bioactive compound. The purified active fraction was characterized and predicted as pyrrolidone derivative which showed broad spectrum of bioactivity towards indicator organisms. The predicted antimicrobial spectra suggested that the Streptomyces sp. MAPS15 can produce a suite of novel antimicrobial drugs.     

Chemical Constituents from the Seeds of Ziziphusjujuba var. spinosa （Bunge） Hu

To search for new and bioactive minor components from traditional Chinese medicines, a new compound, named jujuphenoside (1), was isolated from the seeds of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu. The structure ofjujuphenoside was elucidated by spectral and chemical methods, particularly twodimensional nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Together with the new compound, 22 known compounds were also isolated and identified from the seeds of Z. jujuba var. spinosa, among which, epiceanothic acid (2) was first obtained from natural resources, whereas compounds 7-16 were first obtained from this plant.     

Meroparamycin production by newly isolated Streptomyces sp. strain MAR01: taxonomy, fermentation, purification and structural elucidation

Twelve actinomycete strains were isolated from Egyptian soil. The isolated actinomycete strains were then screened with regard to their potential to generate antibiotics. The most potent of the producer strains was selected and identified. The cultural and physiological characteristics of the strain identified the strain as a member of the genus Streptomyces. The nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene (1.5 kb) of the most potent strain evidenced a 99% similarity with Streptomyces spp. and S. aureofaciens 16S rRNA genes, and the isolated strain was ultimately identified as Streptomyces sp. MAR01. The extraction of the fermentation broth of this strain resulted in the isolation of one major compound, which was active in vitro against gram-positive, gram-negative representatives and Candida albicans. The chemical structure of this bioactive compound was elucidated based on the spectroscopic data obtained from the application of MS, IR, UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis techniques. Via comparison to the reference data in the relevant literature and in the database search, this antibiotic, which had a molecular formula of C19H29NO2 and a molecular weight of 303.44, was determined to differ from those produced by this genus as well as the available known antibiotics. Therefore, this antibiotic was designated Meroparamycin.     

Natural dolapyrrolidone: Isolation and absolute stereochemistry of a substructure of bioactive peptides

During the course of our chemical analysis of the hydrophilic fractions from marine cyanobacterium Moorena producens, we have isolated natural dolapyrrolidone (Dpy, 1 ), a natural pyrrolidone derived from phenylalanine, for the first time as a single compound. Compound 1 , with an (S)-l absolute stereochemistry, was previously identified as a substructure that is common among several bioactive natural peptides. Surprisingly, the absolute stereochemistry of the isolated natural 1 , determined through total synthesis, was (R)-d . This result was unambiguously determined by HPLC analysis using a chiral stationary column by comparing the retention times of the natural 1 and authentic samples of synthetic enantiomers. To verify the unexpected result, the absolute stereochemistry of the natural 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis of Pt-complex derivative using the synthetic enantiomer.     

New antifungal flavone glycoside from Butea monosperma O. Kuntze

A new bioactive flavone glycoside was isolated from the methanol soluble fraction of the flowers of Butea monosperma O. Kuntze, which was identified as 5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,4′-trimethoxyflavone-7-O-α-L-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (1) by several colour reactions, chemical degradations and spectral analysis. The compound 1 shows antimicrobial activity against various fungal species.     

Production, purification, and characterization of antifungal metabolite from Pseudomonas aeruginosa SD12, a new strain obtained from tannery waste polluted soil

A new strain, SD12, was isolated from tannery waste polluted soil and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the basis of phenotypic traits and by comparison of 16S rRNA sequences. This bacterium exhibited broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic fungi. The strain produced phosphatases, cellulases, proteases, pectinases, and HCN and also retained its ability to produce hydroxamate-type siderophore. A bioactive metabolite was isolated from P. aeruginosa SD12 and was characterized as 1-hydroxyphenazine ((1-OH-PHZ) by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral analysis. The strain was used as a biocontrol agent against root rot and wilt disease of pyrethrum caused by Rhizoctonia solani. The stain is also reported to increase the growth and biomass of Plantago ovata. The purified compound, 1-hydroxyphenazine, also showed broad-spectrum antagonistic activity towards a range of phytopathogenic fungi, which is the first report of its kind.     

蛹虫草子实体活性成分的分离鉴定

蛹虫草具有悠久的食药用历史,但关于其活性成分的种类仍知甚少。本文采用大孔树脂、硅胶柱、HPLC等色谱技术对蛹虫草Cordyceps militaris子实体粗提物进行分离纯化,从中得到3个化合物。通过波谱数据分析,化合物1–3分别被鉴定为：虫草素（3’-脱氧腺苷）（1）,色氨酸（2）和5,5’-dibuthoxy-2,2’-bifuran（3）,杂环化合物3为首次从蛹虫草子实体中获得。对化合物进行抗菌活性测定发现,虫草素和5,5’-dibuthoxy-2,2’-bifuran对枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌都有显著的抑菌活性,但是它们对酿酒酵母均未表现出明显抑菌活性。