Roentgeno-functional studies in ectopia of the anal canal in children

Analysis of x-ray data on 70 pediatric patients aged one day-15 yrs, was performed. In 55 cases the investigation was conducted before the correction of ectopia of the anal canal, in 11 cases after the previously described operation for forming the anal orifice (FAO), in 4 cases there was stenosis of the anal orifice without ectopia. Radiograms performed during irrigoscopy and (or) with a Foley catheter were assessed. Weakening and then complete incompetence of the puborectal muscle, determining incontinence of feces, were shown to be proportional to age and a degree of stenosis of the colon orifice. A necessity of radical operation in the second half-year of the life or measures to ensure adequate bowel evacuation were shown.     

The state of the veins of the esophagus and the stomach in chronic diffuse liver diseases (based on data from a combined roentgeno-endoscopic and echographic study)

Combined roentgenological and endoscopic investigation was used to study the state of the esophageal submucous veins. Echography was used for investigation of the gastric subserous veins and esophageal abdominal veins. The results obtained indicate that in the presence of portal hypertension there are two types of shunting: via the esophageal submucous (82%) and subserous (18%) veins. In patients with the predominant affection of the esophageal subserous veins x-ray investigation and endoscopy do not allow correct estimation of the presence and a degree of the gastroesophageal shunt. Echography results enable one to arrive at a correct conclusion in all patients.     

经胸腔镜建立巴马小型猪冠状动脉狭窄模型

目的探讨一种高效、稳定的经胸腔镜构建不同程度冠状动脉狭窄动物模型的方法。方法 20头巴马小型猪,在胸腔镜直视下手术丝线永久性环扎左前降支近端,从而造成前降支不同程度的狭窄。术后进行定量冠状动脉造影检查评价狭窄程度。结果 20头小型猪中18头手术顺利完成,2头术中出现室颤,除颤成功后分别于术后8 h和48 h死亡。术后行定量冠状动脉造影显示7头小型猪狭窄程度不超过50%,6头狭窄程度在50%到70%,5头狭窄程度在70%以上,即时手术成功率100%,建模成功率90%。结论完全胸腔镜下应用丝线环扎法可成功地制作不同程度的冠脉狭窄动物模型。     

Changes in the histostructure of functional activity of the immunocompetent organs in damaged portal blood supply of the liver

In CBA mice calibrated stenosis of the portal vein was produced. Liver and immunocompetent organs were morphologically analyzed. The total number of hemopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow was estimated by the colony-forming cells and in the spleen after immunization with sheep red cells by the plaque forming method. It is established that stenosis of the portal vein (on the average by 45% and 58%) produced the histostructural changes in the liver and in the immunocompetent organs. Expression of morphological changes depended on the time elapsed after operation and the degree of the portal vein stenosis. These changes were the most pronounced on the 16-17th day when stenosis of the portal vein was 58%. The character of the changes in the number of the hemopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow and in that of antibody-forming cells in the spleen depended on the degree of the liver damage. These changes increased with the degree of the liver histostructure damage. The maximal liver damage was accompanied by a decrease of these indices.     

Ultrasound evaluation of extracranial carotid artery lesions in Parkinsonian patients

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the atherosclerotic changes in patients with vascular parkinsonism and in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, in order to evaluate the possible influence of the extracranial pathology of carotid arteries in developing lacunar cerebral infarcts. Degree of stenosis and plaque morphology of the extracranial part of carotids in both group of patients were evaluated by color Doppler flow imaging ultrasound investigation and the results were compared. We selected two matched groups of patients with parkinsonism: 22 patients with vascular parkinsonism, and 28 with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.The atherosclerotic changes found in patients with Parkinson's disease showed mild carotid lesions with mostly stable calcified plaques and lesser risk for embolic cerebral intravascular events contrary to the higher degree of carotid stenosis found in patients with vascular parkinsonism with mostly mixed plaques prone to embolization. Therefore, we suggest performing ultrasonographic examination of the extracranial part of carotid arteries in all patients with parkinsonism to assess risk of vascular accidents originating from carotid lesions. That would enable adequate treatment of parkinsonism and prevent further occurrence of intracranial vascular changes.     

Radiologic diagnosis of urinary tract disorders in genital endometriosis]

The paper is concerned with the results of combined investigation of 157 women suffering from genital endometriosis, operated on for this disease. The involvement of the lower parts of the ureters in a pathological process was detected in 48 patients before operation and in 6 patients at operation. Comparison of x-ray and operative findings with histology specimens made it possible to define endogenous and exogenous forms of ureteral endometriosis and three variants of an x-ray picture in this pathology (the absence of abnormal changes of the urinary tract, hydroureter is over the narrowed part of the ureter, hydroureteronephrosis). The authors have shown a high informative value of combined x-ray investigation and the effectiveness of its use in clinical practice.     

X-ray characteristics of acute intestinal obstruction in middle-aged and elderly patients

The authors presented clinical and x-ray findings of 188 patients with mechanical intestinal obstruction (92 of them were middle-aged and advanced in years and 96 were under 60). A combined program of x-ray examination included 3 stages: panoramic polypositional roentgenography of the chest and abdominal cavity, dynamic x-ray control over the state of the abdominal cavity, and contrast study of the G.I. tract. A distinctive feature of the x-ray symptomatology of intestinal obstruction in middle-aged and old patients was the absence of classical x-ray symptoms in some cases during panoramic roentgenography of the abdominal cavity. In patients over 60, x-ray symptomatology was characterized by marked colon distension and intestinal distension of various degree in 77.1%     

A computational investigation of the geometric factors affecting the severity of renal arterial stenoses

An arterial stenosis, or a constriction of an artery, can lead to higher pressure losses than those seen in a healthy artery which, in turn, can disrupt normal functioning of the body. Depending on the type, size, and location of a stenosis, the decision to intervene might be made. Because many arterial stenoses can be characterized by improved medical imaging, insights into the effects of stenosis geometry on pressure loss could provide important information for medical decision making. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provides a means of relatively quick investigation of various stenotic artery geometries. In this work, CFD simulations varying axial location of a stenosis, stenosis eccentricity, stenosis percent occlusion, and shape were performed. The simulated arteries were models of pathologic human renal arteries. The results indicate that pressure loss across a stenosis has no dependence on stenosis eccentricity. Pressure loss was shown not to be affected significantly by the axial location of the stenosis, but it was affected strongly by the stenosis structure. The most significant dependence was on percent stenosis; simulations indicated a critical percent stenosis of approximately 75–80%, above which pressure loss increases drastically. The critical percent stenosis identified here is consistent with guidelines used by physicians.     

Ultrasonic echography in the diagnosis of urolithiasis]

The paper is concerned with comparison of the results of ultrasound and x-ray investigation in 110 patients with urolithiasis. A possibility was established to diagnose roentgenonegative concrements in the kidneys and pelvicalyceal system with the help of ultrasound echography. The results of x-ray investigation were more reliable for the localization of uretero- and cystoliths. Ultrasound echography in such patients permitted the detection of complications (hydrocalycosis and hydronephrosis) as well as the assessment of the time course of complications in the postoperative period.     

Roentgenologic characteristics of small bronchoalveolar cancer of the lung under conditions of image processing using linear filtration (roentgenomorphologic comparison)

X-ray and morphological signs were compared in 50 patients with histologically verified bronchioloalveolar cancer (BAC). Particular attention was drawn to a study of an x-ray picture after computer processing of a tomographic image using a special technique. The most characteristic x-ray signs of BAC were subpleural localization, the presence of a fragmented scar in a tumor, and ill defined outlines. The peculiarities of an x-ray picture of small-size BAC were determined by the morphological structure of a tumor, a degree of its differentiation that could be detected in most cases only after image processing by the linear filtration technique.     

X-ray diagnosis of peptic ulcers of the jejunum

The paper is devoted to a study of the results of clinicoroentgenological and endoscopic investigation of 188 patients aged 23 to 60 who developed jejunal peptic ulcer. It was done to specify the features of an x-ray picture of jejunal peptic ulcers with relation to the cause of ulcer development and optimum methods of x-ray investigation. The predominant localization of peptic ulcer in the jejunal efferent loop and its typical ulcero-cicatricial deformity were established. Jejunal peptic ulcers developing as a result of an insufficient area of resection, are characterized by a relatively benign course of the disease. In case ulcer development was determined by the residual antral stomach mucosa at the duodenal stump or by the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, considerable pathological changes (gigantic ulcer sizes greater than 2.5 cm and a sharp deformity of the jejunal efferent loop) were noted.     

Differential diagnosis of an accumulation of fluid in the pleural spaces

Altogether 345 patients with pleural effusion were investigated; 22 nosological entities were diagnosed. Of them four diseases (tuberculosis, metastatic cancer, pneumonia, and pleural mesothelioma) accounted for 79.7%. Failures of outpatient clinical investigation and late referral of patients to special diagnostic departments were noted. Possibilities to diagnose the type of disease on the basis of x-ray symptoms, clinical and laboratory tests and their combinations were analyzed. A necessity of the use of various types of biopsy with respect to an x-ray picture was recommended. Early thoracoscopic biopsy was indicated for progressive or stable pleural effusion of obscure etiology.     

Ultrastructural localization of calcium around the membrane of the surface connected system in the human platelet

Summary The localization of calcium in the membrane system of human platelets was determined by ultrahistochemical methods equipped with an electron probe x-ray microanalyzer. After potassium oxalate-glutaraldehyde treatment large amounts of electron opaque precipitates were observed around the membrane of the surface connected system. Electron probe x-ray microanalysis clearly defined that the precipitates were composed of calcium oxalate. The localization of calcium on the membrane of the surface connected system was also confirmed even after treatment of the platelets with potassium antimonate-OsO₄. These results support a model which depicts the surface connected membrane system taking part in the store and the transport of calcium.This investigation was supported in part by the Mitsubishi-Foundation, 1976 to Professor V. Mizuhira     

X-ray diagnosis of a phlegmon of the retroperitoneal space tissue]

The paper is concerned with the results of a combined x-ray study of 36 patients with phlegmon of retroperitoneal fat (RF). The x-ray procedure was described, potentialities and effectiveness of each method (panoramic polypositional investigation of the chest and peritoneal cavity, a contrast study of the G.I. tract) were shown. X-ray semeiotics of phlegmon of RF of different sites, the main differential and diagnostic signs to distinguish between phlegmon and accumulation of gases of other sites and its causes, were described in detail. The accuracy of phlegmon detection with these methods was 97.2%; phlegmon was detected in 35 of 36 patients.     

X-ray diagnosis of disturbed bronchial permeability in chronic bronchitis

The authors presented clinical and x-ray findings of combined investigation of 94 patients with chronic bronchitis. X-ray symptoms of disturbed bronchial permeability (DBP) in this pathology were studied. Bronchograms, bronchosonograms performed in different phases of respiration using broncholytic drugs, video tape recording, coherent-optic processing of bronchograms, and a method of digital processing of bronchograms proposed by the authors were employed. The importance of x-ray examination in the diagnosis of DBP was shown. The classification, nature, site and spreading of DBP were described. X-ray findings were compared with clinical and laboratory findings.     

X-ray diagnosis of peripheral chondromatous hamartomas of the lungs]

A roentgenomorphographic picture was compared with gross specimens of the lungs in 104 operated on patients with peripheral harmatochondromas. Eighty three patients were followed-up roentgenologically for 2-18 years. The resultant three variants of an x-ray picture of hamartochondromas were revealed. CT investigation showed a benign process in a majority of patients, hamartochondrosarcoma was diagnosed in 36.5 per cent. Shadow size enlargement, calcifications and their increase are not signs of malignancy.     

Numerical investigation of physiologically realistic pulsatile flow through arterial stenosis

Numerical simulations of pulsatile blood flow in straight tube stenosis models were performed to investigate the poststenotic flow phenomena. In this study, three axisymmetrical and three asymmetrical stenosis models with area reduction of 25%, 50% and 75% were constructed. A measured human common carotid artery blood flow waveform was used as the upstream flow condition which has a mean Reynold's number of 300. All calculations were performed with high spatial and temporal resolutions. Flow features such as velocity profiles, flow separation zone (FSZ), and wall shear stress (WSS) distributions in the poststenotic region for all models are presented. The results have demonstrated that the formation and development of FSZs in the poststenotic region are very complex, especially in the flow deceleration phase. In axisymmetric stenoses the poststenotic flow is more sensitive to changes in the degree of stenosis than in asymmetric models. For severe stenoses, the stenosis influence length is shorter in asymmetrical models than in axisymmetrical cases. WSS oscillations (between positive and negative values) have been observed at various downstream locations in some models. The amplitude of the oscillation depends strongly on the axial location and the degree of stenosis.     

A complex x-ray study of patients with enterocutaneous fistulas

The paper is concerned with analysis of the results of x-ray examination of 78 patients with enterocutaneous fistulas of various etiology and site. The authors have shown the characteristic features of x-ray examination of patients in whom the fistulas were at the acute phase of their development. They have also defined the diagnostic value of the employed methods and their efficacy for the diagnosis not only of fistulas but also of related complications (inflammatory infiltrates and abscesses of the abdominal cavity, fatty phlegmon, purulent "fillings", complicated fistulas, etc.). During combined x-ray investigation accurate diagnosis of fistulas was established in 97.4% of the patients, purulent complications were revealed in 94.6%.     

颈动脉狭窄的显微外科治疗

目的:评价颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗颅外颈动脉狭窄的疗效,以及经颅多普勒超声(TCD)、微血管多普勒超声(MVD)应用的价值。方法:回顾性分析2012年5月至2013年5月采用颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗的19例颅外颈动脉狭窄的资料。均伴有不同程度的脑缺血症状。颈动脉狭窄程度2例中度狭窄,17例重度狭窄。同时行颈动脉内膜剥脱术均在显微镜下操作。1例采用补片成形。18例术中采用TCD及MVD监测下完成,1例未采用超声监测。结果:手术成功率为100%,无死亡率。术前脑缺血症状术后患者均有不同程度的恢复。均未发现过度灌注的并发症。结论:颈动脉内膜剥脱术治疗颅外颈动脉狭窄是一种安全、有效的措施;MVD及TCD监测对于显微手术有着重要意义。