猪IL-18在乳酸乳球菌中的表达及其生物活性的检测

为了在乳酸乳球菌中分泌表达具有生物活性的猪IL-18蛋白,并检测其生物活性,故通过分离猪外周血单核淋巴细胞(PBMC),以其为模板,采用RT-PCR方法扩增猪白细胞介素18(pIL-18)基因,将目的基因与乳酸乳球菌表达载体pAMJ399进行连接,并电转化至乳酸乳球菌MG1363中,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析检测目的蛋白的表达,并通过脾淋巴细胞增殖试验和细胞病变抑制法对pIL-18的生物活性进行检测。Western blotting分析检测结果与生物活性检测结果显示,在重组菌pAMJ399-pIL18/MG1363的上清和菌体沉淀中19 kDa处均出现pIL-18的特异蛋白反应带,且分泌表达的pIL-18蛋白能明显促进猪脾淋巴细胞的增殖,并对病毒增殖有明显的抑制作用。以上结果表明pIL-18可在乳酸乳球菌分泌表达,且表达产物具有良好的生物活性。     

猪白细胞介素18成熟蛋白基因的克隆与表达

目的克隆猪白细胞介素18(pIL-18)成熟蛋白基因,并在植物乳杆菌(Lb.plantarum)NC8中进行表达。方法通过RT-PCR方法从猪脾脏细胞中扩增出pIL-18成熟蛋白基因,克隆到T载体pMD18-T后测序;将阳性基因片段克隆至大肠埃希菌-乳酸菌穿梭表达载体pSIP-409构建重组表达载体pSIP-409-IL-18,进行酶切和PCR鉴定;应用电穿孔技术将其转化至Lb.plantarum NC8中,经SppIP诱导表达后,进行SDS-PAGE及Western-blot分析。结果经测序,pIL-18成熟蛋白基因核苷酸长度为579 bp,编码193个核苷酸;酶切和PCR鉴定证明成功构建了重组表达载体pSIP-409-IL-18;SDS-PAGE及Western-blot分析表明重组菌表达了18 kD的融合蛋白,该重组蛋白可以与鼠抗猪IL-18多克隆抗体反应。结论成功克隆了pIL-18成熟蛋白基因,并获得有生物活性的pIL-18重组乳酸菌,为研制开发IL-18重组乳酸菌制剂奠定基础。     

共表达猪瘟病毒E2基因和猪白细胞介素2基因的重组腺病毒的构建及其免疫原性研究

为研制猪瘟活载体疫苗,构建共表达猪瘟病毒E2基因和猪白细胞介素2基因的重组腺病毒并研究其免疫原性。应用PCR方法从pMD19-T-E2质粒和pMD19-T-pIL2质粒中分别扩增E2基因和pIL-2基因,将扩增的全长E2基因和pIL-2的编码区基因序列通过柔性接头序列(5个甘氨酸密码子)串联,插入腺病毒穿梭载体AdTrack中,在受体菌中与骨架载体AdEasy同源重组。重组质粒AdEasy-E2-pIL-2转染HEK293细胞,包装出重组腺病毒rAd-E2-pIL-2。用rAd-E2-pIL-2免疫家兔,经兔体交互免疫试验评定其免疫效果。结果显示,经RT-PCR和West-ern blot检测,成功构建了rAd-E2-pIL-2,重组病毒滴度达108.12PFU/mL。rAd-E2-pIL-2接种家兔后刺激接种兔产生猪瘟病毒特异性抗体,淋巴细胞转化试验结果显示猪瘟病毒诱导兔淋巴细胞特异性增殖,攻毒后rAd-E2-pIL-2接种兔和猪瘟病毒C株接种兔均未出现定型热反应。研究结果表明,rAd-E2-pIL-2免疫兔可以预防猪瘟病毒C株接种引发的体温反应,rAd-E2-pIL-2可望成为猪瘟候选疫苗。     

猪白细胞介素18基因的克隆、表达及生物学活性检测

通过RT-PCR方法直接从猪脾脏淋巴细胞中扩增出猪白细胞介素18(pIL-18)成熟蛋白基因的cDNA, 克隆到pGEM-T载体, 构建重组质粒pGEM-T-IL18, 转化E.coli JM109感受态细胞, 取PCR和酶切鉴定为阳性的重组质粒进行序列测定。测序结果表明, pIL-18成熟蛋白基因核苷酸长度为474 bp, 编码157个氨基酸。将其克隆到表达载体pGEX6P-1中, 构建重组质粒pGEX-IL18, 转化E.coli BL21感受态细胞, 用IPTG诱导表达。重组菌菌体裂解物SDS-PAGE可检测到相对分子质量为45 kD的重组蛋白, 占菌体总蛋白的28%左右, 以包涵体形式存在。对包涵体进行洗涤, 用MTT法测定表明, 重组蛋白能明显刺激猪脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖反应的活性。     

Cloning,sequencing and expression of porcine CD40 ligand in Escherichia coli and human and porcine cells

The CD40L ligand (CD40L) plays an important role in the interaction between antigen-specific T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. The porcine CD40L encoding gene was isolated from porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using RT-PCR. Sequence analysis of the cloned CD40L gene showed an open reading frame of 786 base pairs encoding a 262 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 29 kD. The deduced amino acid sequence of the porcine CD40L shared 82%, 88% and 93% similarity with the CD40L protein of mouse, human and cattle. The isolated CD40L sequence was expressed as a hexahistidine fusion protein in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography. The analysis of the CD40L-expression in human 293 and porcine MAX cells by immunofluorescence showed its location on the cell surface.     

Porcine interleukin 18: cloning, characterization of the cDNA and expression with the baculovirus system

We have isolated and sequenced a cDNA that contains the coding sequence of porcine interleukin 18 (IL-18) and the recombinant protein of porcine IL-18 was expressed using the baculovirus system. The open reading frame (ORF) of the porcine IL-18 cDNA is 579 base pairs (bp) in length and encodes 192 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence is 76.7%, 64.7% and 61.6% homologous to the predicted human, murine and rat amino acid sequences, respectively. The porcine precursor and mature IL-18 protein were expressed respectively in Trichoplusia ni -derived (Tn5) cells using the baculovirus Autografha californica nuclear polyhedorosis virus (AcNPV) as a vector. Tn5 cells infected with recombinant virus containing a whole IL-18 protein coding region sequence secreted porcine precursor IL-18 into the culture medium. On the other hand, Tn5 cells infected with recombinant virus containing a mature IL-18 protein coding region sequence expressed several proteins in the cell lysates, but did not secrete mature protein into the culture medium efficiently. Immunoblotting analysis of recombinant protein showed cross-reactivity with anti-human IL-18 polyclonal antibody. The mature form of porcine IL-18 protein induced IFN-gamma production in suboptimal doses of anti-CD3 antibody and concanavalin A- (ConA) stimulated porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), but the precursor form had little effect.     

猪白细胞介素18基因的克隆、表达及生物学活性检测

通过RT-PCR方法直接从猪脾脏淋巴细胞中扩增出猪白细胞介素18(pIL-18)成熟蛋白基因的cDNA, 克隆到pGEM-T载体, 构建重组质粒pGEM-T-IL18, 转化E.coli JM109感受态细胞, 取PCR和酶切鉴定为阳性的重组质粒进行序列测定。测序结果表明, pIL-18成熟蛋白基因核苷酸长度为474 bp, 编码157个氨基酸。将其克隆到表达载体pGEX6P-1中, 构建重组质粒pGEX-IL18, 转化E.coli BL21感受态细胞, 用IPTG诱导表达。重组菌菌体裂解物SDS-PAGE可检测到相对分子质量为45 kD的重组蛋白, 占菌体总蛋白的28%左右, 以包涵体形式存在。对包涵体进行洗涤, 用MTT法测定表明, 重组蛋白能明显刺激猪脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖反应的活性。     

Molecular cloning of a full-length cDNA encoding the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of Sendai virus

We cloned a full-length complementary DNA for the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) mRNA of Sendai virus (HVJ) using a synthetic 27-mer as a probe. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that there is a long open reading frame on the mRNA that encodes a protein of 575 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence indicated that only one hydrophobic region sufficiently long to anchor the protein in the membrane and located near the N-terminus (amino acids 35-60). It is suggested that HN protein is oriented with its N-terminus inside the membrane.     

Antigenic and structural properties of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of human parainfluenza virus type 3: sequence analysis of variants selected with monoclonal antibodies which inhibit infectivity, hemagglutination, and neuraminidase activities.

The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene sequence was determined for 16 antigenic variants of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3). The variants were selected by using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the HN protein which inhibit neuraminidase, hemagglutination, or both activities. Each variant had a single-point mutation in the HN gene, coding for a single amino acid substitution in the HN protein. Operational and topographic maps of the HN protein correlated well with the relative positions of the substitutions. There was little correlation between the cross-reactivity of a MAb with the bovine PIV3 HN and the amount of amino acid homology between the human and bovine PIV3 HN proteins in the regions of the epitopes, suggesting that many of the epitopes are conformational in nature. Computer-assisted analysis of the HN protein predicted a secondary structure composed primarily of hydrophobic beta sheets interconnected by random hydrophilic coil structures. The HN epitopes were located in predicted coil regions. Epitopes recognized by MAbs which inhibit neuraminidase activity of the virus were located in a region which appears to be structurally conserved among several paramyxovirus HN proteins and which may represent the sialic cid-binding site of the HN molecule.     

猪白细胞介素-18基因克隆、序列分析及其真核表达载体的构建

采集6月龄河南良杂猪的脾脏,分离淋巴细胞后直接提取总RNA,进行反转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）扩增,扩增产物进行T-A克隆、测序,获得了河南良杂猪IL-18全基因序列,序列测定表明,plL-18全基因核苷酸长度为579bp,编码 192个氨基酸。与GenBank上已发表序列ABO10003进行比较,核苷酸同源性为99.8%,在第550位处 (以ATG为1计)由A→G,存在有意义突变。与GenBank下载读取的ABO10003、AF176949、AY262109、NM1997序列进行比较分析,氨基酸同源性分别为99%、98.5%和99.8%、99%。将该基因片段克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1,构建重组质粒pcDNA-ILl8m,所获重组质粒经过酶切、测序鉴定,证实含有目的片段,且连接、构建正确,为核酸疫苗的研究应用奠定了基础。     

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induces interleukin-15 through the NF-κB signaling pathway

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) mainly infects macrophages/dendritic cells and modulates cytokine expression in these cells. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in wide range of biological activities. It has been shown to be essential for the generation, activation, and proliferation of NK and NKT cells and for the survival and activation of CD8(+) effector and memory T cells. In this study, we discovered that PRRSV infection upregulated IL-15 production at both the mRNA and protein levels in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), blood monocyte-derived macrophages (BMo), and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). We subsequently demonstrated that the NF-κB signaling pathway was essential for PRRSV infection-induced IL-15 production. First, addition of an NF-κB inhibitor drastically reduced PRRSV infection-induced IL-15 production. We then found that NF-κB was indeed activated upon PRRSV infection, as evidenced by IκB phosphorylation and degradation. Moreover, we revealed an NF-κB binding motif in the cloned porcine IL-15 (pIL-15) promoter, deletion of which abrogated the pIL-15 promoter activity in PRRSV-infected alveolar macrophages. In addition, we demonstrated that PRRSV nucleocapsid (N) protein had the ability to induce IL-15 production in porcine alveolar macrophage cell line CRL2843 by transient transfection, which was mediated by its multiple motifs, and it also activated NF-κB. These data indicated that PRRSV infection-induced IL-15 production was likely through PRRSV N protein-mediated NF-κB activation. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underling the IL-15 production induced by PRRSV infection.     

Roles for the cytoplasmic tails of the fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase proteins in budding of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5

The efficient release of many enveloped viruses from cells involves the coalescence of viral components at sites of budding on the plasma membrane of infected cells. This coalescence is believed to require interactions between the cytoplasmic tails of surface glycoproteins and the matrix (M) protein. For the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (SV5), the cytoplasmic tail of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein has been shown previously to be important for normal virus budding. To investigate a role for the cytoplasmic tail of the fusion (F) protein in virus assembly and budding, we generated a series of F cytoplasmic tail-truncated recombinant viruses. Analysis of these viruses in tissue culture indicated that the cytoplasmic tail of the F protein was dispensable for normal virus replication and budding. To investigate further the requirements for assembly and budding of SV5, we generated two double-mutant recombinant viruses that lack 8 amino acids of the predicted 17-amino-acid HN protein cytoplasmic tail in combination with truncation of either 10 or 18 amino acids from the predicted 20-amino-acid F protein cytoplasmic tail. Both of the double mutant recombinant viruses displayed a replication defect in tissue culture and a budding defect, the extent of which was dependent on the length of the remaining F cytoplasmic tail. Taken together, this work and our earlier data on virus-like particle formation (A. P. Schmitt, G. P. Leser, D. L. Waning, and R. A. Lamb, J. Virol. 76:3953-3964, 2002) suggest a redundant role for the cytoplasmic tails of the HN and F proteins in virus assembly and budding.     

猪白细胞介素-6在巴斯德毕氏酵母(Pichia pastoris)中的分泌表达

白细胞介素6 (Interleukin_6 ,IL_6 )是一种具有多种生物学效应的细胞因子,在疾病诊断与疫苗佐剂领域有广阔的应用前景。在本试验中,猪白细胞介素_6 (pIL_6 )的cDNA序列被克隆入甲醇酵母(Pichiapastoris)分泌表达载体pPIC9K中,并转化入P .pastorisGS115菌株。其重组菌株GS115 pPIC9K_IL6经1%甲醇诱导后,能分泌表达分子量约为2 4 5KD的重组蛋白,Westernblot确证为pIL_6。该酵母表达产物无N端糖基化修饰。用依赖IL6生长的B9细胞株检测提纯后的pIL_6 ,其生物学活性可达8×10 4 IU mg。     

Molecular cloning,functional characterization and antiviral activity of porcine DDX3X

Human DDX3X is a newly discovered DEAD-box RNA helicase. In addition to involvement of eukaryotic gene expression regulation, human DDX3X has recently been demonstrated to be a critical molecule in innate immune signaling pathways and to contribute to type I interferon (IFN) induction. In the present study, porcine DDX3X was cloned by RT-PCR from PK-15 cells and its function in regulating IFN-β was characterized. The putative porcine DDX3X ORF encodes 662 amino acids possessing several conserved motifs. Sequence alignments indicated that porcine DDX3X has high identity at the amino acid level to those of horse (96.7%), mouse (97.6%), cattle (98.5%), dog (98.6%) and human (98.9%). Ectopic expression of porcine DDX3X significantly activated IFN-β expression, whereas knockdown of porcine DDX3X inhibited dsRNA- or Sendai virus (SeV)-induced IFN-β. Furthermore, porcine DDX3X co-localized with IPS-1, TBK1 and IKKε, and enhanced IFN-β promoter activation induced by these molecules. We also investigated the role of porcine DDX3X during porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection and found that overexpression of DDX3X significantly inhibited PRRSV replication, indicating that DDX3X is a potential antiviral agent.     

Effects of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein mutations on cell-cell fusion mediated by human parainfluenza type 2 virus

The monoclonal antibody M1-1A, specific for the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of human parainfluenza type 2 virus (HPIV2), blocks virus-induced cell-cell fusion without affecting the hemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities. F13 is a neutralization escape variant selected with M1-1A and contains amino acid mutations N83Y and M186I in the HN protein, with no mutation in the fusion protein. Intriguingly, F13 exhibits reduced ability to induce cell-cell fusion despite its multistep replication. To investigate the potential role of HPIV2 HN protein in the regulation of cell-cell fusion, we introduced these mutations individually or in combination to the HN protein in the context of recombinant HPIV2. Following infection at a low multiplicity, Vero cells infected with the mutant virus H-83/186, which carried both the N83Y and M186I mutations, remained as nonfused single cells at least for 24 h, whereas most of the cells infected with wild-type virus mediated prominent cell-cell fusion within 24 h. On the other hand, the cells infected with the mutant virus, carrying either the H-83 or H-186 mutation, mediated cell-cell fusion but less efficiently than those infected with wild-type virus. Irrespective of the ability to cause cell-cell fusion, however, every virus could infect all the cells in the culture within 48 h after the initial infection. These results indicated that both the N83Y and M186I mutations in the HN protein are involved in the regulation of cell-cell fusion. Notably, the limited cell-cell fusion by H-83/186 virus was greatly promoted by lysophosphatidic acid, a stimulator of the Ras and Rho family GTPases.     

Human parainfluenza type 3 virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein: nucleotide sequence of mRNA and limited amino acid sequence of the purified protein.

The nucleotide sequence of mRNA for the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of human parainfluenza type 3 virus obtained from the corresponding cDNA clone had a single long open reading frame encoding a putative protein of 64,254 daltons consisting of 572 amino acids. The deduced protein sequence was confirmed by limited N-terminal amino acid microsequencing of CNBr cleavage fragments of native HN that was purified by immunoprecipitation. The HN protein is moderately hydrophobic and has four potential sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) of N-glycosylation in the C-terminal half of the molecule. It is devoid of both the N-terminal signal sequence and the C-terminal membrane anchorage domain characteristic of the hemagglutinin of influenza virus and the fusion (F0) protein of the paramyxoviruses. Instead, it has a single prominent hydrophobic region capable of membrane insertion beginning at 32 residues from the N terminus. This N-terminal membrane insertion is similar to that of influenza virus neuraminidase and the recently reported structures of HN proteins of Sendai virus and simian virus 5.     

Activities of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ICP4 genes specifying nonsense peptides.

Synthetic oligonucleotide linkers containing translational termination codons in all possible reading frames were inserted at various positions in the cloned gene encoding the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) immediate-early regulatory protein, ICP4. It was determined that the amino-terminal 60 percent of the ICP4 gene was sufficient for trans-induction of a thymidine kinase promoter-CAT chimera (pTKCAT) and negative regulation of an ICP4 promoter-CAT chimera (pIE3CAT); however, it was relatively inefficient in complementing an ICP4 deletion mutant. The amino-terminal ninety amino acids do not appear to be required for infectivity as reflected by the replication competence of a mutant virus containing a linker insertion at amino acid 12. The size of the ICP4 molecule expressed from the mutant virus was consistent with translational restart at the next methionine codon corresponding to amino acid 90 of the deduced ICP4 amino acid sequence.