耐热链霉菌4″-O-异戊酰基转移酶基因在变铅青链霉菌TK24中的表达

拟研究异源调控系统提高耐热链霉菌Streptomyces thermotolerans 4″-O-异戊酰基转移酶基因(ist)表达的可能性。在麦迪霉素产生菌Streptomyces mycarofaciens 1748中曾克隆到BamHⅠ~8.0 kb片段,含此基因片段的变铅青链霉菌TK24 Streptomyces lividans TK24转化子可将螺旋霉素高效转化为丙酰螺旋霉素。序列分析表明此片段除包含麦迪霉素4″-O-丙酰基转移酶基因(mpt)外还存在与其连锁的两个正调控基因orf27和orf28。将这个基因簇中mpt基因的orf替换为ist基因的orf,然后与两个正调控基因或者单独一个orf27连接,将这些构建好的片段分别克隆到中等拷贝数及高拷贝数载体pKC1139和pWHM3上,再转化到S.lividans TK24中。通过测定S.lividans TK24转化子中螺旋霉素生物转化为4″-O-酰化螺旋霉素的产率来评价mpt和ist基因的表达水平。结果表明只有高拷贝载体pWHM3构建的重组质粒S.lividans TK24转化子中才能明显检测到4″-O-异戊酰螺旋霉素的产生。mpt基因的正调节系统可以提高ist基因的表达水平,含两个调节基因的转化子转化效率高于含单一调节基因的转化子。     

利用强启动功能片段提高麦迪霉素4”，-羟基丙酰化酶基因的表达

利用PCR技术将本室克隆到的强启动功能片段取代麦迪霉素丙酰化酶基因(mpt)的启动子或与mpt基因自身启动子串连,获得含mPt重组质粒pCHFPE3和pCHFPE2。用含有这两个质粒的Streptomyces lividans TK24对螺旋霉素进行微生物转化,结果表明,与含有原启动子的mpt.S.lividans TK24(p.WFPE)相比,丙酰螺旋霉素的组分比例分别提高了89.02％和58.53％。含重组质粒pCHFPE2的螺旋霉素产生菌S.spiramyceticus发酵产物中丙酰螺旋霉素的组分也有较大辐度的提高。说明利用该强启动功能片段可以提高麦迪霉素丙酰化酶基因的表达。     

利用强启动功能片段提高麦迪霉素4”，-羟基丙酰化酶基因的表达

用PCR技术将本室克隆到的强启动功能片段取代麦迪霉素丙酰化酶基因(mpt)的启动子或与mpt基因自身启动子串连,获得含mpt重组质粒pCHFPE3和pCHFPE2。用含有这两个质粒的Streptomyces lividans TK24对螺旋霉素进行微生物转化,结果表明,与含有原启动子的mpt．S．Lividans TK24(p．WFPE)相比,丙酰螺旋霉素的组分比例分别提高了89．02％和58．53％。含重组质粒pCHFPE2的螺旋霉素产生菌S．Spiramyceticus发酵产物中丙酰螺旋霉素的组分也有较大辐度的提高。说明利用该强启动功能片段可以提高麦迪霉素丙酰化酶基因的表达。     

麦迪霉素3-O-酰基转移酶在螺旋霉素链霉菌F21中的酰化特性

螺旋霉素(SP)与麦迪霉素(MD)均为16元大环内酯类抗生素,并且结构非常相似.螺旋霉素含有3个组分,其结构差异表现在16元内酯环C<,3>上的一个取代基的差异,SPⅠ组分为羟基、SPⅡ组分羟基乙酰化、APⅢ组分羟基丙酰化;麦迪霉素是以麦迪霉素A1为主要组分的多组分抗生素,麦迪霉素16元内酯环C3上连接的均为丙酰化羟基.已知这类抗生素16元内酯环C3羟基酰化是由一种称为3-O-酰基转移酶的蛋白催化完成.本研究将螺旋霉素产生菌-Streptomycesspiramyceticus F21中的螺旋霉素3-O-酰基转移酶基因用Streptomyces mycarofaciens ATCC 21454中的麦迪霉素3-O-酰基转移酶基因原位替换后,发现所产生的螺旋霉素仍然含有3个组分,并且螺旋霉素Ⅲ组分也不是主要组分,说明麦迪霉素3-O-酰基转移酶在螺旋霉素产生菌-S.spiramyceticus F21中不具有16元内酯环C3羟基丙酰化特异性以及酰化高效性,也提示其在麦迪霉素产生菌中的丙酰化特异性和高效性可能与该菌株(种)的特性有关.     

螺旋霉素3-O-酰基转移酶基因的删除和主要产生螺旋霉素组分Ⅰ菌株的获得

螺旋霉素(SP)为16元环大环内酯类抗生素,含有螺旋霉素Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ个组分,其结构的差异为16元内酯环的C3上分别连接羟基(SPⅠ)、乙酰基(SPⅡ)和丙酰基(SPⅢ);SPⅡ和SPⅢ是在相同的3-O-酰基转移酶催化下SPⅠ进一步酰化的产物。SPⅠ、SPⅡ和SPⅢ在生物学活性方面无大差异。为简化螺旋霉素组分,便于今后对其结构进行进一步改造,根据碳霉素和麦迪霉素生物合成中的3-O-酰基转移酶序列,设计了简并性PCR引物,并采用SON-PCR(single oligonucleotide nested PCR)方法,从螺旋霉素产生菌S.spiramyceticus F21中进行特异性扩增,获得了螺旋霉素3-O-酰基转移酶基因(sspA)及其侧翼序列,共约4.3kb(其中的3457nt DNA序列已被Genbank收录,DQ642742)。采用DNA同源双交换技术对S.spiramyceticus F21中的sspA进行了删除。对螺旋霉素原株和sspA缺失变株进行发酵产物提取和HPLC分析表明:原株中SPⅠ、SPⅡ和SPⅢ的相对含量分别为7.8%、67%和25%,变株中则分别为72%、18%和9.6%;变株主要组分为SPⅠ。螺旋霉素sspA缺失变株的获得为螺旋霉素组分简化及其衍生物的结构改造奠定了基础。     

麦迪霉素3-O-酰基转移酶在螺旋霉素链霉菌F21中酰化特性

螺旋霉素(SP)与麦迪霉素(MD)均为16元环大环内酯类抗生素, 并且结构非常相似。螺旋霉素含有3个组分,其结构差异表现在16元内酯环C3上的一个取代基的差异, SP I组分为羟基、SP II组分羟基乙酰化、SP III组分羟基丙酰化; 麦迪霉素是以麦迪霉素A1为主要组分的多组分抗生素, 麦迪霉素16元内酯环C3上连接的均为丙酰化羟基。已知这类抗生素16元内酯环C3羟基酰化是由一种称为3-O-酰基转移酶的蛋白催化完成。本研究将螺旋霉素产生菌—Streptomyces spiramyceticus F21中的螺旋霉素3-O-酰基转移酶基因用Streptomyces mycarofaciens ATCC 21454中的麦迪霉素3-O-酰基转移酶基因原位替换后, 发现所产生的螺旋霉素仍然含有3个组分, 并且螺旋霉素III组分也不是主要组分, 说明麦迪霉素3-O-酰基转移酶在螺旋霉素产生菌—S. spiramyceticus F21中不具有16元内酯环C3羟基丙酰化特异性以及酰化高效性, 也提示其在麦迪霉素产生菌中的丙酰化特异性和高效性可能与该菌株(种)的特性有关。     

圈卷产色链霉菌尼可霉素生物合成基因一sanL的结构与功能

利用染色体步移策略,以尼可霉素生物合成相关的基因片段为探针,从圈卷产色链霉菌中克隆到了一个大约10kb的DNA片段.序列分析表明此片段中除含有sanK外,在sanK的上游还有一个完整开放阅读框——sanL.sanL与sanK的转录方向相同,具有1281个核苷酸,起始密码子为345位的ATG,终止密码子为1623位的TGA.利用Blastx程序进行的分析揭示,此基因可能编码一个赖氨酸-2-氨基转移酶.基因功能研究表明,该基因是圈卷产色链霉菌尼可霉素生物合成所必需的.     

麦迪霉素4″—O—丙酰基转移酶（mpt）基因结构的研究

对含有麦迪霉素４″－Ｏ－丙酰基转移酶（ｍｐｔ）基因的ＢａｍＨＩ－ＢａｍＨＩ８．０ｋｂ的ＤＮＡ片段进行限制性酶切分析,绘制出了含有２１个酶切位点的限制性酶切图谱。以含有碳霉素异戊酰基转移酶基因（ＣａｒＥ）的２．４ｋｂ ＤＮＡ片段为探针,经Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ分子杂交,将ｍｐｔ定位于一个ＥｃｏＲＩ－ＥｃｏＲＩ－ＰｓｔＩ３．０ｋｂ的ＤＮＡ片段上,将该片段克隆至大肠杆菌／链霉菌穿梭质粒载体ｐＷＨＭ３     

圈卷产色链霉菌尼可霉素生物合成基因sanK的克隆及功能研究

利用染色体步移策略,以尼可霉素生物合成相关的基因片段为探针,从圈卷产色链霉菌中克隆到了一个大约10kb的DNA片段。对其中1.8kb的PvuII-SacII片段进行了序列分析,结果表明：此片段中含有一个具有1170个核苷酸的完整开放阅读框,起始密码子为447位的ATG,终止密码子为1614位的TGA,推测其编码一个389个氨基酸的蛋白质产物。利用BLASTX程序进行的分析揭示,此基因编码一个肌氨酸单体氧化酶。基因功能研究结果表明,此基因与圈卷产色链霉菌尼可霉素生物合成直接相关,命名为sanK。     

圈卷产色链霉菌尼可霉素生物合成基因—sanL的结构与功能

利用染色体步移策略,以尼可霉素生物合成相关的基因片段为探针,从圈卷产色链霉菌中克隆到了一个大约10kb的DNA片段。序列分析表明此片段中除含有sanK外,在sanK的上游还有一个完整开放阅读框——sanL。sanL与sanK的转录方向相同,具有1281个核苷酸,起始密码子为345位的ATG,终止密码子为1623位的TGA。利用Blastx程序进行的分析揭示,此基因可能编码一个赖氨酸2氨基转移酶。基因功能研究表明,该基因是圈卷产色链霉菌尼可霉素生物合成所必需的。     

生米卡链霉菌丙酰化酶基因定位及其核苷酸序列测定

我们已往的工作已经确定在重组质粒ｐＩＪＭ９中,生米卡链霉菌来源的４．１６ｋｂ插入ＤＮＡ片段带有丙酰化酶基因,为了进一步确定该基因在４．１６ｋｂ插入片段中的位置,我们以ＢａｍＨＩ对ｐＩＪＭ９进行酶切,在此基础上进行缺失重组亚克隆,在所获得的转化子中,Ｎｏ．５转化子含重组质粒ｐＩＪＭ９５,分子量为５．０ｋｂ,插入ＤＮＡ片段为０．５３ｋｂ,以Ｎｏ．５转化子对螺旋霉素进行生物转化实验,其转化产物经薄层层析     

Cloning, sequencing and expression of a sialidase gene from Clostridium sordellii G12

A 4.3 kb XbaI restriction fragment of DNA from Clostridium sordellii G12 hybridized with a synthetic oligonucleotide representing the N-terminus of the sialidase protein secreted by C. sordellii. This cloned fragment was shown to encode only part of the sialidase protein. The sialidase gene of C. sordellii was completed by a 0.7 kb RsaI restriction fragment overlapping one end of the XbaI fragment. After combining the two fragments and transformation of Escherichia coli, a clone that expressed sialidase was obtained. The nucleotide sequence of the sialidase gene of C. sordellii G12 was determined. The sequence of the 18 N-terminal amino acids of the purified extracellular enzyme perfectly matched the predicted amino acid sequence near the beginning of the structural gene. The amino acid sequence derived from the complete gene corresponds to a protein with a molecular mass of 44,735 Da. Upstream from the putative ATG initiation codon, ribosomal-binding site and promoter-like consensus sequences were found. The encoded protein has a leader sequence of 27 amino acids. The enzyme expressed in E. coli has similar properties to the enzyme isolated from C. sordellii, except for small differences in size and isoelectric point. Significant homology (70%) was found with a sialidase gene from C. perfringens.     

丝裂霉素C抗性基因（mcr）的克隆及其高效表达

头状链轮丝菌（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｖｅｒｔｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍ ｃａｅｓｐｉｔｏｓｕｍ）ＡＴＣＣ２７４２２是抗肿瘤药物丝裂霉素Ｃ的主要产生菌。为了研究丝裂霉素Ｃ抗性的分子机制,实验通过鸟枪法克隆技术,从库中筛选得含有丝裂霉素Ｃ抗性基因（ｍｃｒ）的６．６ｋｂ外源片段的克隆子,对此外源片段进行一系列亚克隆,将丝裂霉素Ｃ抗性基因定位在３．１ｋｂ的片段中。序列分析的结果表明,此３．１ｋｂ外源片段中存在一长度为１３４     

圈卷产色链霉菌尼可霉素生物合成基因-sanK的克隆及功能研究

利用染色体步移策略,以尼可霉素生物合成相关的基因片段为探针,从圈卷产色链霉菌中克隆到了一个大约１０ｋｂ的ＤＮＡ片段。对其中１．８ｋｂ的ＰｖｕⅡ－ＳａｃⅡ片段进行了序列分析,结果表明：此片段中含有一个具有１１７０个核苷酸的完整开放阅读框,起始密码子为４４７位的ＡＴＧ,终止密码子为１６１４位的ＴＧＡ,推测其编码一个３８９个氨基酸的蛋白质产物。利用ＢＬＡＳＴＸ程序进行了分析揭示,此基因编码一个肌氨酸单体     

Molecular cloning of the nosiheptide resistance gene from Streptomyces actuosus ATCC 25421

An 8.5 kb BamHI DNA fragment conferring resistance to nosiheptide, a peptide antibiotic of the 'thiostrepton group', was cloned from Streptomyces actuosus ATCC 25421 in Streptomyces lividans 1326. Two BamHI fragments of S. actuosus, the 8.5 kb fragment and an additional 3.0 kb fragment, hybridized with a thiostrepton resistance gene probe (pIJ30). The 8.5 kb fragment showed a relatively low degree of homology with the thiostrepton resistance gene. The restriction map of the nosiheptide resistance gene isolated here was significantly different from the map of the thiostrepton resistance gene previously published.     

Adenylate kinase isoenzymes in Aspergillus nidulans

Multiple HindIII-restriction fragments of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella typhi chromosomal DNA exhibited homology with the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT1) gene of Escherichia coli as determined by Southern blot analysis. A 9.4 kb HindIII restriction fragment identified in S. typhimurium and S. typhi chromosomal DNA reacted with both eltA and eltB gene probes. However, the homology of the 9.4 kb DNA fragment from these Salmonella species was greater with eltB than eltA. In addition, a synthetic oligonucleotide probe, made to a portion of the putative GM1-ganglioside binding region of cholera toxin (CT) and LT1, hybridized with the 9.4 kb DNA fragment of S. typhimurium but not with the 9.4 kb fragment found in S. typhi isolates. The hybridization of multiple restriction fragments of Salmonella DNA with eltA and eltB gene sequences further suggests duplication of the stx operon on the chromosome of these bacteria.     

林可链霉菌黑色素生物合成基因的克隆与表达

以pIJ702的melCl－C2基因为探针杂交林可链霉菌（Streptomyceslincolnensis）78－11染色体DNA,呈现出3．2kb的BamHI片段和2．6kb的SphI片段等一系列阳性条带。构建了含3．0～3．5kbBamHI片段的林可链霉菌78-11基因文库,从中分离克隆了黑色素生物合成基因melCl和melC2,并测定了含有mel基因的重组子pRSB336插入片段的全部DNA顺序。3152bpBamHI片段含有5个开放阅读框架,其中melCl和melC2与链霉菌属三个种的相应基因具有较高的同源性。此外,林可链霉菌78－11的melC2基因产物与人和鼠的酪氨酸酶轻微同源,分别为17．3％和24．5％。种种迹象表明,melCl、melC2和orf3组成黑色素生物合成操纵子结构。为了进一步鉴定上述克隆的林可链霉菌78-11黑色素生物合成基因,构建了分别含有新霉素抗性基因启动子和正反方向mel基因的重组质粒pPZ518和pPZ519,并转化变铅青链霉菌TK23。随机挑选的12个pPZ518转化子在R2YE培养基上均能分泌淡褐色色素,而所有的pPZ519和pES1转化子则都呈白色。     

大肠杆菌青霉素G酰化酶基因及其邻近区域的核苷酸全序列

Some of microorganisms have been known to possess penicillin G acylase activity. The E. coli derived penicillin G acylase (PGA) can catalyze the conversion of penicillin G into phenylacetic acid and 6-amino-penicillanic acid, the latter is used as the starting compound for the industrial formation of semi-synthetic penicillins. Apart from its industrial importance, the enzyme PGA displays a number of interesting properties. Catalytically active enzyme is localized in the periplasmic space of E. coli cells and composed of two dissimilar subunits. The two subunits are apparently produced from a precursor protein, via a processing pathway hitherto unique in its features for a prokaryotic enzyme. The studies on processing of the precursor and on the relationship between structure and function of the mature enzyme are important theoretically. Previously we cloned a 3.5 kb DNA fragment from a strain (E. coli AS 1.76), which displays PGA activity. In this paper, we report a nucleotide sequence of the 3.5 kb DNA fragment containing PGA gene. After insertion of the DNA fragment into EcoR I and Hind III sites in pWR 13, pPGA 20 had been obtained. We subcloned the Hind III and Bg1 II treated fragment of 1.6 kb in length from pPGA 20 into Hind III and BamH I sites of pWR 13 to get a pPGA 1.6, and Bg1 II and EcoR I treated fragment of 1.9 kb in length into BamH I and EcoR I sites of pWR 13 to get a pPGA 1.9. The linearized pPGA 1.9 which were digested with appropriate restriction enzymes were progressively shortened from both ends respectively by digestion with Bal 31 nuclease, followed by cleavage of shortened target DNA off vector DNA molecules with appropriate restriction enzymes. The series of the DNA fragments shortened from EcoR I end were then cloned into plasmid pWR 13 which had previously digested with Hind III and Sma I enzymes (Fig. 1). The DNA fragment cloned in pWR 13 were directly sequenced on the resulted plasmids by using primer I and primer II. Thus we have obtained the complete nucleotide sequence of the 3.5 kb DNA fragment. The 3.5 kb fragment contains an intact PGA gene which is 2.6 kb.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)