沙蚕毒素的等温加湿超临界CO_2-萃取法研究

本文研究了用等温加湿超临界ＣＯ２从海洋蠕虫状动物沙蚕体腔细胞中,提取沙蚕毒素的萃取条件（温度、压力、时间）对萃取过程的影响。探讨了等温加湿超临界ＣＯ２萃取法与传统提取方法比较的最佳选择分离方法。     

正交试验法优选薯蓣皂苷元萃取条件研究

目的:为明确薯蓣皂苷元的最佳提取工艺,我们采用超临界CO2萃取技术,通过正交试验优化穿山龙中薯蓣皂苷元的提取工艺。方法:探讨萃取压力、萃取温度、分离Ⅰ压力、分离Ⅰ温度等因素对薯蓣皂苷元收率的影响。确定了薯蓣皂苷元的最佳萃取条件。结果:穿山龙中薯蓣皂苷元超临界萃取的最佳条件为萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度50℃,分离Ⅰ压力13 MPa,分离Ⅰ温度40℃。结论:超临界CO2萃取法提取薯蓣皂苷元工艺简单,安全有效。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取茶多酚的研究

本文住流动法测定装置中测定了茶多酚在超临界二氧化碳中的溶解度,温度分别为40℃、60℃和80℃,压力范围为12～22MPa。在80℃,21MPa下,测定了干茶叶(加或不加夹带剂)中茶多酚的萃取量与CO_2累计用量的关系。最后将萃取物经简单分离,得到相对纯度为95.45％的茶多酚和相对纯度为86.54％的咖啡因。     

青藏茶子种子中的脂肪酸含量分析

用超临界萃取技术对青藏高原藏药特有植物青藏茶子种子中脂肪酸进行了萃取,其萃取率为12.0%。用毛细管气相色谱进行分离和分析,结果表明不饱和脂肪酸在90%以上。其中α-亚麻酸26.23%、γ-亚麻酸2.60%、亚油酸43.21%。     

超临界二氧化碳连续萃取脱水奶油的填充柱性能研究

奶油通常用以制造白脱和其他乳制品,由于某些限制,需要把奶油分级。超临界液体萃取可为脱水奶油的分级和降低胆固醇起到积极的作用。超临界液体萃取不涉及添加剂、表面活性剂和有机溶剂;二氧化碳自身无毒、价廉、不易燃烧。除此之外,超临界液体萃取在低温下进行分离,传质快速、溶剂残留量低。因此,超临界二氧化碳萃取是食品工业中的一种理想方法。     

青藏茶藨子种子中的脂肪酸含量分析

藨用超临界萃取技术对青藏高原藏药特有植物青藏茶藨子种子中脂肪酸进行了萃取,其萃取率为12．0%。用毛细管气相色谱进行分离和分析,结果表明不饱和脂肪酸在90％以上。其中α-亚麻酸26．23％、γ-亚麻酸2．60%、亚油酸43．21％。     

现代生物工程分离提取技术在海洋生物资源开发上的应用

本文综述了在海洋资源开发上应用的现代生物工程分离技术。介绍了最新的分离提取技术如制备型和生产型色谱技术、超临界萃取技术、膜分离技术、毛细管电泳技术、酶工程技术等。从海洋生物资源中提取有用的生物活性物质,需要符合特定要求的现代生物工程技术。其中柱层析技术和超临界萃取技术是海洋生物活性物质分离提取技术中的主要部分。     

现代生物工程分离提取技术在海洋生物资源开发上的应用

本文综述了在海洋资源开发上应用的现代生物工程分离技术。介绍了最新的分离提取技术如制备型和生产型色谱技术、超临界萃取技术、膜分离技术、毛细管电泳技术、酶工程技术等。从海洋生物资源中提取有用的生物活性物质,需要符合特定要求的现代生物工程技术。其中柱层析技术和超临界萃取技术是海洋生物活性物质分离提取技术中的主要部分。     

超临界CO2萃取百合花挥发油的工艺研究

本文介绍了超临界CO2萃取百合花中挥发油的提取分离工艺,重点研究了超临界CO2萃取压力、温度、时间对出油率的影响。正交试验结果表明：影响超临界CO2萃取的主要因素为C3〉A2〉B2（A为萃取压力,B为萃取温度,C为萃取时间）;最佳工艺参数：SC-CO2萃取压力为18MPa,温度为50℃,时间为90min,流量为25L／min,所得百合花挥发油的出油率高达2．92％。     

螺旋藻有效成分超临界萃取与分离研究

使用超临界CO2萃取技术对钝顶螺旋藻粉进行萃取与分离,结果表明:超临界CO2萃取的最优条件为压力20Mpa,夹带剂使用量100mL/100g,温度50℃,萃取时间2h;利用凯氏定氮法及气相色谱法分别对超临界萃取处理过的螺旋藻中蛋白质和多糖进行研究与分析,结果表明:螺旋藻粉中蛋白质含量为49.39%,螺旋藻多糖中的单糖含量占多糖粗品的9.25%,主要组成为鼠李糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖等。     

Extraction of Oils from Wheat Germ with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

The separation of oil from wheat germ by extracting with supercritical carbon dioxide (C0₂) is described. The solubility of wheat germ oil in supercritical C0₂ at 200 atm and 40°C was about 0.35 weight%. The effect of pressure on the extraction process with liquid or supercritical C0₂ was of great significance. On the other hand, the effect of temperature on the extraction process was small. Oil extracted with supercritical C0₂ was lighter in color and contained less phosphorus than that extracted with hexane. The contents of α- and β-tocopherol in the oil extracted with supercritical CO₂. were comparable to those in the hexane-extracted oil     

肾叶天胡荽精油的超临界CO2萃取、成分分析及杀虫活性初探

采用正交实验设计,对肾叶天胡荽（Hydrocotyle wigordi Maxim．）精油超临界CO2萃取条件进行了优化,并用GC—MS分析技术对精油的化学成分进行了鉴定,初步探讨了肾叶天胡荽精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的触杀活性。结果表明,肾叶天胡荽精油超临界CO2萃取的最佳条件为萃取压力35MPa、萃取温度50℃、解析压力5MPa、解析温度40℃、萃取时间75min、CO2流量34—36L·h^-1,精油得率最高可达5．32％。从精油中共鉴定出19种成分,总相对含量达到89．266％,主要成分为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（64．302％）。用超临界CO2萃取技术提取的肾叶天胡荽精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫有一定的触杀作用,20g·L^-1精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的24h校正死亡率高达90．00％。     

超临界CO2提取茶籽油的工艺及其成分分析

对超临界CO2工艺提取茶籽油进行研究,选择萃取压力、温度、时间、分离釜Ⅰ压力为影响因素,茶籽油的提取率为试验指标,采用多因素多水平可视化分析方法对数据进行分析,得出最佳工艺范围：萃取压力2.5×107～3.0×107Pa、温度30～35℃、时间110～140 min、分离釜Ⅰ压力4.0×106～5.0×106Pa。并用气相色谱-质谱法测定茶籽油中的各个成分及含量,发现茶籽油中单不饱和脂肪酸主要为油酸,多不饱和脂肪酸主要为亚油酸,饱和脂肪酸主要为棕榈酸和硬脂酸。     

微孔草籽油的超临界CO2流体萃取及HPLC—MS分析

利用超临界CO2萃取微孔草籽油,并对籽油进行了HPLC／MS分析。实验确定的最佳超临界CO2流体萃取条件是：萃取温度45℃,萃取压力20MPa,CO2流量为35-40kg／h,萃取时间120min,在此条件下白刺籽油的萃取率为16．12％。利用HPLC／MS对微孔草籽油分析,发现其不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量高达73．19％。比较了超临界CO2萃取微孔草籽油油样和石油醚萃取微孔草籽油油样的理化性质,发现超临界CO2流体萃取的籽油质量优于传统溶剂萃取的籽油。     

响应面法优化超临界CO2萃取茉莉花蕾精油及抗氧化活性的研究

为研究超临界CO2萃取茉莉花蕾获得精油的最佳工艺及抗氧化活性,实现资源的综合利用。实验考察了夹带剂用量、原料颗粒大小、萃取压力、萃取温度和动态萃取时间对茉莉精油产率的影响,进一步以响应面实验设计优化挥发油的提取工艺参数,以GC-MS分析挥发油组成及相对含量,并测定精油清除DPPH自由基及还原铁离子能力。结果表明,最佳工艺参数为:夹带剂乙醇用量为0.2mL/g,花粉颗粒为40目,萃取压力20MPa,萃取温度46℃,动态萃取时间1.6h。在此条件下茉莉精油的产率为13.67%,远高于同时蒸馏萃取法(2.87%)和超声辅助提取(2.45%)。超临界萃取精油的主要香气成分与茉莉鲜花基本一致,并且具有较好的清除自由基和还原铁离子能力。实验证明超临界萃取技术提取茉莉花蕾得到茉莉精油品质高,可为其资源综合利用提供参考。     

芫荽子的超临界CO2流体萃取研究

本文用超临界ＣＯ２流体技术对芫荽子的萃取进行了研究,探讨了原料粒度、温度、压力、流体密度对萃取效率的影响,并对其中挥发油的选择性萃取作了初步探索。     

Survey of Thymus migricus essential oil on aflatoxin inhibition in Aspergillus flavus

Essential oil components as result of non host disease resistance of plants have high capability to introduce as alternative of chemical pesticides. Thymus migricus essential oil was selected to investigation of its antifungal activity on survival and growth of Aspergillus flavus. For obtain essential oil first Leaves and flowers of Th. migricus collected then dried. The Essential oil was extracted by means of hydro-distillation and afterwards GC-MS analysis was performed to identify their components. The main constituents that resulted were Thymol (44.9%), Geraniol (10.8%), gamma-Terpinene (10.3%), Citronellol (8.5%) and p-Cymene (7.2%). EC50 and MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of Th. migricus oil against A. flavus was 324.42 microl/l and 451.62 microl/l, respectively. Whereas EC50 and MIC for chemical thiabendazol was 650 microl/l and 1635 microl/l, respectively. The EC50 and MIC concentrations of Th. migricus oil in antifungal activity examination were used in aflatoxin inhibition test. Result of HPTLC measurement showed that both of concentrations inhibit aflatoxin production completely compares to control with 7.63 ppm aflatoxin production. In other word, Th. migricus oil can suppress aflatoxin production in concentrations lower than EC50 for mycelium growth.     

Extraction of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nut shell liquid using supercritical carbon dioxide

This work investigated the extraction of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)). Effects of process parameters such as extraction pressure, temperature and flow rate of SC-CO(2) were investigated. The yield of CNSL increased with increase in pressure, temperature and mass flow rate of SC-CO(2). However, under different operating conditions, the composition of CNSL varied. The study of physical properties and chemical composition of the oil obtained through super critical fluid extraction (SCFE) showed better quality as compared to the CNSL obtained through thermal route. Experimental results were compared with diffusion based mass transfer model. Based on this simple model, extraction time was optimized.     

Lipase Catalysed Esterification at High Pressure

From the comparation of esterification between oleic acid and oleyl alcohol, catalyzed by the Mucor miehei immobilized lipase in a batch stirred tank reactor, in a solvent free system and system where the solvent was supercritical carbon dioxide it is obvious that reaction rates are higher at supercritical conditions than in the solvent free system. To obtain the data on the solubility of substrates and product (oleyl oleate) in supercritical carbon dioxide, fluid phase equilibria measurements in the static equilibrium cell have been done. The results showed that the temperature change between 30 d`C and 50 d`C doesn't affect the solubility of the substances in SC CO₂ very much, but with higher pressure (between 100 and 300 bar) the solubilities of oleic acid, oleyl alcohol and oleyl oleate slightly increase. From the data it is obvious that oleic acid and oleyl alcohol have better solubility in supercritical CO₂ than oleyl oleate and therefore the separation of both substrates from oleyl oleate with supercritical CO₂ is possible-Key words: esterification, supercritical fluids, lipase.