螺旋藻过氧化氢酶的比较研究

采用碘量法对毛乌素沙地碱湖的钝顶螺旋藻S1 与国外引进的钝顶螺旋藻S2 和极大螺旋藻S3 的过氧化氢酶 (CAT)进行了比较研究。结果表明 :S1 、S2 和S3CAT活性在 2 5℃、pH 7 0时分别为 41 0 7U/g·FW、 550 4U/g·FW和 370 3U/g·FW ;Km值分别为 5 0× 1 0 - 2mol/L、 5 4× 1 0 - 2 mol/L和 3 8× 1 0 - 2 mol/L ;最适温度分别为 2 5℃、 2 5℃和 40℃ ;最适pH值分别为 7 2、 7 6和 7 8。内蒙古特有的S1 CAT对温度和pH适应范围宽 ,且在低温、高温和强碱下的活性比引进种的高。     

螺旋藻POD对温度和pH值适应性的研究

以毛乌素沙地碱湖特有的钝顶螺旋藻S₁、引进的钝顶螺旋藻S₂和极大螺旋藻S₃为材料,采用愈创木酚法探讨温度和pH值对其POD活性影响。结果表明:S₁、S₂和S₃的POD活性分别为480 U/g.FW、447 U/g.FW和408 U/g.FW(25℃、pH 6);最适温度分别为30℃、40℃和40℃;最适pH均为6.0。S₁的POD对温度和pH适应范围宽,在低、高温、强酸和强碱下的活性均比引进种的高。     

螺旋藻过氧化氢酶的比较研究*

采用碘量法对毛乌素沙地碱湖的钝顶螺旋藻S1 与国外引进的钝顶螺旋藻S2 和极大螺旋藻S3 的过氧化氢酶 (CAT)进行了比较研究。结果表明 :S1 、S2 和S3CAT活性在 2 5℃、pH 7 0时分别为 41 0 7U/g·FW、 550 4U/g·FW和 370 3U/g·FW ;Km值分别为 5 0× 1 0 ^{- 2}mol/L、 5 4× 1 0 ^{- 2} mol/L和 3 8× 1 0 ^{- 2} mol/L ;最适温度分别为 2 5℃     

低温胁迫对螺旋藻脱氢酶活性的影响

低温胁迫试验结果表明,处理的温度越低、天数越长,鄂尔多斯高原碱湖的钝顶螺旋藻S1、引进的钝顶螺旋藻S2和极大螺旋藻S3细胞内脱氢酶活性越低。在每一种处理下,脱氧酶活性高低的排列顺序均为S1〉S2〉S3。脱氢酶活性的Q10值变化范围排列为S1〈S2〈S3。S1的生理活动临界低温为5℃,S2和S3的为15℃。S1对低温有较强的适应性,为耐寒植物;S2和S3为冷敏感植物。     

TTC-脱氢酶还原法测定螺旋藻细胞活性的条件优化

为确定氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)-脱氢酶还原法测定螺旋藻细胞活性的最优条件,首先通过单因素实验对影响藻细胞活性测定的TTC质量分数、缓冲液pH、提取剂（乙醇）质量分数、培养时间、培养温度进行分析,选定各因素的变化范围,再利用正交试验设计方法,在藻细胞活性测定的最适培养温度下,对TTC质量分数、缓冲液pH、提取剂质量分数、培养时间进行3水平优化试验。最后确定优化的TTC 脱氢酶还原法测定螺旋藻细胞活性的条件为TTC质量分数0.1%、缓冲液pH 8.0~8.5、乙醇质量分数60%、培养时间5 h、培养温度35 ℃。在此条件下所测藻细胞活性最高,为螺旋藻细胞活性的评价提供了一定参考。     

3-氰基吡啶水合酶的反应条件及影响因子

研究了芳腈水合酶催化水合3-氰基吡啶生成尼克酰胺的反应条件及影响因子.酶反应的最适pH为8.0,最适温度为25℃.酶在pH8.5于25℃保温4小时或在25—30℃于pH8.0保温3小时是稳定的.反应液中加入Fe~(3+)(1.5 mmol/L)可使酶活力增加 50%,而加入NH_4~+(300 mmol/L)则使酶活降低了67%.Ag~+和 Hg(2+)”强烈地抑制酶反应活性,在浓度均为 5mmol/L时,抑制率分别为99.7%和100%.NaCN(50 mmol/L)和苯甲腈(100 mmol/L)对酶活性的抑制率分别为78%和85%.该酶作用于 3-氰基吡啶的Km为62.5 mmol/L,V_(max)为85.8 μmol·min~(-1)·mg~(-1).     

3-氰基吡啶水合酶的反应条件及影响因子

研究了芳腈水合酶催化水合3-氰基吡啶生成尼克酰胺的反应条件及影响因子.酶反应的最适pH为8.0,最适温度为25℃.酶在pH8.5于25℃保温4小时或在25—30℃于pH8.0保温3小时是稳定的.反应液中加入Fe~(3 )(1.5 mmol/L)可使酶活力增加 50%,而加入NH_4~ (300 mmol/L)则使酶活降低了67%.Ag~ 和 Hg(2 )”强烈地抑制酶反应活性,在浓度均为 5mmol/L时,抑制率分别为99.7%和100%.NaCN(50 mmol/L)和苯甲腈(100 mmol/L)对酶活性的抑制率分别为78%和85%.该酶作用于 3-氰基吡啶的Km为62.5 mmol/L,V_(max)为85.8 μmol·min~(-1)·mg~(-1).     

1株高产蛋白酶嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌的分离鉴定及其酶学活性的研究

双齿围沙蚕消化道中分离1株高产蛋白酶菌株D2(CGMCC保藏号:1868),经形态学、生理学、16S rRNA基因序列测定及系统发育分析确定为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌。Lowry法检测显示该菌株产酶能力为1104 U/mL,最佳产酶条件为pH 8.0、25℃培养48 h;酪蛋白酶图谱法和凝胶成像分析证实其蛋白酶分子量约为42 ku,在培养上清液中纯度大于97%;该酶对粗酶品比活性为301 U/mg,酶活性的最适pH值为9,是一种碱性蛋白酶;最适温度为60℃;在55℃以下及pH 6~10的环境中具有较好的稳定性。嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌D2株有望成为一种新的蛋白酶生产资源。     

低温对螺旋藻可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸外渗的影响

以鄂尔多斯高原碱湖特有的钝顶螺旋藻S1、引进的钝顶螺旋藻S2和极大螺旋藻S3为材料,采用Folin法和茚三酮法分别测定低温下细胞外渗液中可溶性蛋白和游离氮基酸含量。结果表明：处理温度越低,时间越长,螺旋藻细胞外渗液中可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸的含量越高。S1膜损伤程度最轻,比引进种S2、S3有较强的抗寒能力。判断低温对螺旋藻膜损伤的程度,用可溶性蛋白较游离氨基酸更接近于实际。     

螺旋藻POD、CAT和SOD同工酶的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对毛乌素沙地碱湖的钝顶螺旋藻S3和鄂尔多斯螺旋藻S4与国外引进的钝顶螺旋藻S1和极大螺旋藻S2 的POD、CAT和SOD同工酶进行了比较研究。结果表明 :4个样品的 3种酶同工酶带数目不同 ,依次是S4 >S3>S1>S2 ;S3和S4 酶带数多 ,对环境适应性强 ,进化程度较高。螺旋藻不同种间的酶谱相似系数为 0 5 3～ 0 80 ,有较近的亲缘关系 ;原产地不同的钝顶螺旋藻S1和S3间酶谱相似系数最高为 0 86,表明螺旋藻种内差异 <种间差异。     

Antitumor activity of phenylene bridged binuclear bis(imino-quinolyl)palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes

Antitumor effects of a known bis(imino-quinolyl)palladium(II) complex 1 and its newly synthesized platinum(II) analogue 2 were evaluated against human breast (MCF-7) and human colon (HT-29) cancer cell lines. The complexes gave cytotoxicity profiles that were better than the reference drug cisplatin. The highest cytotoxic activities were pronounced in complex 2 across the two examined cancer cell lines. Both compounds represent potential active drugs based on bimetallic complexes.     

Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions alter the dynamics and distribution of Mn(II) in cultured chick glial cells

Previous studies revealed that Mn(II) is accumulated in cultured glial cells to concentrations far above those present in whole brain or in culture medium. The data indicated that Mn(II) moves across the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm by facilitated diffusion or counter-ion transport with Ca(II), then into mitochondria by active transport. The fact that 1–10 M Mn(II) ions activate brain glutamine synthetase makes important the regulation of Mn(II) transport in the CNS. Since Cu(II) and Zn(II) caused significant changes in the accumulation of Mn(II) by glia, the mechanisms by which these ions alter the uptake and efflux of Mn(II) ions has been investigated systematically under chemically defined conditions. The kinetics of [⁵⁴MN]-Mn(II) uptake and efflux were determined and compared under four different sets of conditions: no adducts, Cu(II) or Zn(II) added externally, and with cells preloaded with Cu(II) or Zn(II) in the presence and absence of external added metal ions. Zn(II) ions inhibit the initial velocity of Mn(II) uptake, increase total Mn(II) accumulated, but do not alter the rate or extent Mn(II) efflux. Cu(II) ions increase both the initial velocity and the net Mn(II) accumulated by glia, with little effect on rate or extent of Mn(II) efflux. These results predict that increases in Cu(II) or Zn(II) levels may also increase the steady-state levels of Mn(II) in the cytoplasmic fraction of glial cells, which may in turn alter the activity of Mn(II)-sensitive enzymes in this cell compartment.     

真菌吸附铅锌的研究

正随着采矿业的迅速发展,越来越多的重金属通过多种途径进入土壤环境中,对生态环境造成了不可估量的破坏并严重威胁人类健康。铅锌在工业上具有非常重要的作用且其应用极为广泛,而他们具有的难去除、难迁移和生物累积等特性使得铅锌在环境中的污染尤为突出。通过微生物的生长代谢,有效降低土壤重金属毒性,是促进植物生长的重要步骤之一。同时也要求微生物自身具有抵抗重金属的功能,根际微生     

Homoleptic copper(II) and copper(I) complexes of 5,6-dihydro-5,6-epoxy-1,10-phenanthroline. Six-coordinate copper(I) in solution

Reaction of 5,6-dihydro-5,6-epoxy-1,10-phenanthroline (L) with Cu(ClO₄)₂·6H₂O in methanol in 3:1 M ratio at room temperature yields light green [CuL₃](ClO₄)₂·H₂O (1). The X-ray crystal structure of the hemi acetonitrile solvate [CuL₃](ClO₄)₂·0.5CH₃CN has been determined which shows Jahn-Teller distortion in the CuN₆ core present in the cation [CuL₃]²⁺. Complex 1 gives an axial EPR spectrum in acetonitrile-toluene glass with g_|| = 2.262 (A_|| = 169 × 10⁻⁴ cm⁻¹) and g_⊥ = 2.069. The Cu(II/I) potential in 1 in CH₂Cl₂ at a glassy carbon electrode is 0.32 V versus NHE. This potential does not change with the addition of extra L in the medium implicating generation of a six-coordinate copper(I) species [CuL₃]⁺ in solution. B3LYP/LanL2DZ calculations show that the six Cu-N bond distances in [CuL₃]⁺ are 2.33, 2.25, 2.32, 2.25, 2.28 and 2.25 Å while the ideal Cu(I)-N bond length in a symmetric Cu(I)N₆ moiety is estimated as 2.25 Å. Reaction of L with Cu(CH₃CN)₄ClO₄ in dehydrated methanol at room temperature even in 4:1 M proportion yields [CuL₂]ClO₄ (2). Its ¹H NMR spectrum indicates that the metal in [CuL₂]⁺ is tetrahedral. The Cu(II/I) potential in 2 is found to be 0.68 V versus NHE in CH₂Cl₂ at a glassy carbon electrode. In presence of excess L, 2 yields the cyclic voltammogram of 1. From ¹H NMR titration, the free energy of binding of L to [CuL₂]⁺ to produce [CuL₃]⁺ in CD₂Cl₂ at 298 K is estimated as −11.7 (±0.2) kJ mol⁻¹.     

Synthesis and structural characterization of two new polynuclear metal thiosaccharinates: Hexakis(thiosaccharinato)hexasilver(I) and tetrakis(thiosaccharinato)tetracopper(I)

The title compounds, for short Ag₆(tsac)₆ (1) and [Cu₄(tsac)₄(MeCN)₂] · 2MeCN (2), were prepared by the reaction of thiosaccharin with Ag(I) or Cu(II) salts in different solvents. The new complexes were characterized by FT-IR, Raman, UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopy. Their crystal and molecular structures were determined by X-ray diffraction methods. The structures were solved from 1621 (1) and 7080 (2) reflections with I > 2σ(I) and refined to agreement R1-factors of 0.0261 (1) and 0.0456 (2). Ag₆(tsac)₆ molecule derives from the clustering of six Ag(tsac) moieties related to each other through the crystallographic 3-bar (S₆) symmetry operations of the space group. This results in a highly regular molecular structure where the silver atoms are at the corners of an octahedral core slightly compressed along one of its three-fold axis [inter-metallic Ag?Ag contacts of 3.1723(4) and 3.1556(4) Å]. The six thiosaccharinate ligands bridge neighboring Ag atoms along the C₃-axis through Ag-N bonds [d(Ag-N) = 2.285(2) Å] at one end and bifurcated Ag-S(thione)-Ag bonds [Ag-S distances of 2.4861(7) and 2.5014(8) Å] at the other end. In contrast, the 2 compound is arranged in the lattice as an irregular tetrameric copper complex [Cu₄(tsac)₄(MeCN)₂] where the metals show different environments. Two copper ions are four-fold coordinated to three tsac ions through the N-atom of one tsac [Cu-N distances of 2.112(3) and 2.064(3) Å] and the thione sulfur atom of the other two [Cu-S distances in the range from 2.284(1) to 2.358(1) Å] and to a MeCN solvent molecule [Cu-N distances of 1.983(4) and 2.052(3) Å]. The other two copper ions are in three-fold environment, one trans-coordinated to two tsac ions [Cu-N distances of 1.912(3) and 1.920(3) Å] and to the thione S-atom of a third ligand [d(Cu-S) = 2.531(1) Å], the other one to the thione sulfur atom of three tsac ligands [Cu-S distances in the range from 2.229(1) to 2.334(1) Å]. The clustering renders the metals to short distances from each other, the shorter Cu?Cu distance being 2.6033(7) Å, as to presume the existence of weak inter-metallic interaction within the cluster.     

Immobilization of Cu(II) and Cr(IV) in basidiomycete-colonized sawdust

An investigation into the feasibility of removing Cu(II) and Cr(IV) from solution with basidiomycete (Gloeophylum sepiarium, Pleurotus sp.)-colonized sawdust was undertaken. Obeche (Triplochyton scleroxylon) sawdust exposed to the basidiomycetes for 1–3 months reduced the concentration of the metals in the solution to 22.0–84.4 mg/l. The supernatant from the centrifuged mixture of a solution of 100 mg metal ions/l and aqueous extract of a 3-month basidiomycete-degraded obeche sawdust contained lower concentration of the metal ions (38.6–75.4 mg/l). Unextracted sawdust of pigmented tropical timbers, African mahogany (Khaya ivorensis), black afara (Terminalia ivorensis) and camwood (Baphia nitida) exposed to the test basidiomycetes, removed Cu and Cr significantly better than the extracted sawdust. It is hypothesised that some products of basidiomycete wood-degradative activities were ligands which immobilized the test metals.     

Poly(etheno ADP-ribose) blocks poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase activity

Poly(ADP-ribose) is a biopolymer synthesized by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. Recent findings suggest the possibility for modulation of cellular functions including cell death and mitosis by poly(ADP-ribose). Derivatization of poly(ADP-ribose) may be useful for investigating the effects of poly(ADP-ribose) on various cellular processes. We prepared poly(etheno ADP-ribose) (poly(epsilonADP-ribose)) by converting the adenine moiety of poly(ADP-ribose) to 1-N(6)-etheno adenine residues. Poly(epsilonADP-ribose) is shown to be highly resistant to digestion by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (Parg). On the other hand, poly(epsilonADP-ribose) could be readily digested by phosphodiesterase. Furthermore, poly(epsilonADP-ribose) inhibited Parg activity to hydrolyse ribose-ribose bonds of poly(ADP-ribose). This study suggests the possibility that poly(epsilonADP-ribose) might be a useful tool for studying the poly(ADP-ribose) dynamics and function of Parg. This study also implies that modification of the adenine moiety of poly(ADP-ribose) abrogates the susceptibility to digestion by Parg.     

人血浆载脂蛋白（a）的分离及纯化

本文报道从人血浆脂蛋白Ｌｐ（ａ）中,分离纯化载脂蛋白（ａ）。收集富含Ｌｐ（ａ）的混合血浆,超离心,获密度１．０５ｇ／ｍｌ至１．０８ｇ／ｍｌ的粗制Ｌｐ（ａ）,经过Ｂｉｏ－Ｇｅｌ Ａ５ｍ层析后,证明纯化后的Ｌｐ（ａ）仅与ａｐｏ（ａ）抗血清反应,经ＤＴＴ处理过的Ｌｐ（ａ）,在琼脂糖电泳中的泳动率由胶β位移到β位,在印迹免疫反应中,对ａｐｏ（ａ）的抗血清反应依然显示在前β位,ＳＤＳ聚丙烯凝胶电脉的迁移率慢     

A cotton mitogen-activated protein kinase （GhMPK6） is involved in ABA-induced CAT1 expression and H2O2 production

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is one of the major and evolutionally conserved signaling pathways and plays a pivotal role in the regulation of stress and developmental signals in plants.Here,we identified one gene,GhMPK6,encoding an MAPK protein in cotton.GFP fluorescence assay demonstrated that GhMAPK6 is a cytoplasm localized protein.Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that mRNA accumulation of GhMPK6 was significantly promoted by abscisic acid (ABA).Overexpression of GhMPK6 gene in the T-DNA insertion mutant atmkkl (SALK_015914) conferred a wild-type phenotype to the transgenic plants in response to ABA.Under ABA treatment,cotyledon greening/expansion in GhMPK6 transgenic lines and wild type was significantly inhibited,whereas the atmkkl mutant showed a relatively high cotyledon greening/expansion ratio.Furthermore,CAT1 expression and H2O2 levels in leaves of GhMPK6 transgenic lines and wild type were remarkably higher than those of atmkkl mutant with ABA treatment.Collectively,our results suggested that GhMPK6 may play an important role in ABA-induced CAT1 expression and H2O2 production.     

Poly(dG)-poly(dC) DNA appears shorter than poly(dA)-poly(dT) and possibly adopts an A-related conformation on a mica surface under ambient conditions

Three types of DNA: approximately 2700 bp polydeoxyguanylic olydeoxycytidylic acid [poly(dG)-poly(dC)], approximately 2700 bp polydeoxyadenylic polydeoxythymidylic acid [poly(dA)-poly(dT)] and 2686 bp linear plasmid pUC19 were deposited on a mica surface and imaged by atomic force microscopy. Contour length measurements show that the average length of poly(dG)-poly(dC) is approximately 30% shorter than that of poly(dA)-poly(dT) and the plasmid. This led us to suggest that individual poly(dG)-poly(dC) molecules are immobilized on mica under ambient conditions in a form which is likely related to the A-form of DNA in contrast to poly(dA)-poly(dT) and random sequence DNA which are immobilized in a form that is related to the DNA B-form.