体外乳酸菌素促双歧杆菌生长实验初步观察

目的 在体外观察乳酸菌素是否有促双歧杆菌生长的作用。方法 将浓度为１００ｍｇ／ｍｌ、１０ｍｇ／ｍｌ、１ｍｇ／ｍｌ的乳酸菌素液按三角形对等距离分别滴种在接种了双歧杆菌（１０＾６ＣＦ／ｍｌ）的ＢＨＩ培养基上,然后置３５℃厌氧箱培养２ｄ后观察细菌生长情况。结果 不同浓度的乳酸菌素液促进双歧杆菌生长能力不同。浓度为１００ｍｇ／ｍｌ、１０ｍｇ／ｍｌ、１ｍｇ／ｍｌ的乳酸菌素液促双歧杆菌生长的阳性率（％）分别为：９６．７、５６．７、１．０。经统计学秩和检验方法将３种浓度乳酸菌素液促双歧杆菌生长作用进行两两比较得知：１００ｍｇ／ｍｌ与１０ｍｇ／ｍｌ,１００ｍｇ／ｍｌ与１ｍｇ／ｍｌ之间Ｐ〈０．０１,１０ｍｇ／ｍｌ与１ｍｇ／ｍｌ比较Ｐ〈０．０５。结论 乳酸菌素有促进益生菌－－双歧杆生长的作用,而且与其浓度高低有极密切关系,高浓度的     

双歧杆菌对抗菌素的敏感性

对双歧杆菌属的５０个菌株采用培养液稀释法进行了１０种抗菌素敏感性试验。实验菌株分离自婴儿、成人和各种动物的肠道粪便,厌氧消化器中的污水发酵液等不同来源,以及收集到的国外已定名的菌种共代表至少１３个种。经试验,所有的菌株都抗多粘菌素（ＭＩＣ＝１００～３２００Ｕ／ｍｌ）、链霉素（ＭＩＣ＝８０～１２８０Ｕ／ｍｌ）、新霉素（ＭＩＣ＝４０～３２０Ｕ／ｍｌ）。大多数菌株抗４０～６４０Ｕ／ｍｌ的卡那霉素,较抗庆大霉素。所有的菌株都对红霉素（ＭＩＣ＝０．２～０．８Ｕ／ｍｌ）、万古霉素（ＭＩＣ＝０．２～６．４Ｕ／ｍｌ）和氯     

汉防己甲素对四氧嘧啶引致大鼠胰岛β细胞损伤的保护作用

本实验采用四氧嘧啶损伤大鼠胰岛β细胞,复制糖尿病动物模型。若预先腹腔注射汉防己甲素（１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）则可完全预防引发的糖尿病。预防组血糖（７．６３±０．４４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）明显低于对照组（２５．４６±１．２１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｐ＜０．００１）;血清胰岛素水平（１１．３３±１．９７μＵ／ｍｌ）高于对照组（７．１３±０．４５μＵ／ｍｌ,Ｐ＜０．０５）;血浆胰高血糖素（６６．８５±５．０７ｐｇ／ｍｌ）明显低于对照组（９０．３５±３．１５ｐｇ／ｍｌ,Ｐ＜０．０１）．口服葡萄糖耐量实验显示预防组耐糖功能较对照组明显改善,糖耐量曲线下血糖面积预防组（２９．４５±１．６３ｍｌ·ｈ／Ｌ）低于对照组（１１３．２８±５．０２ｍｍｏｌ·ｈ／Ｌ,ｐ＜０．００１）。胰岛β细胞免疫组织化学染色结果显示,预防组胰岛β细胞数目及胰岛素分泌颗粒的含量均与正常大鼠胰岛相同,无形态学改变,而对照组胰岛内β细胞免疫反应阳性产物减少甚至消失。结果表明,汉防己甲素对四氧嘧啶引起的胰岛β细胞急性损伤有保护作用。     

海南省潜伏香蕉果实的炭疽菌对特克多的抗药性

对来自海南省１３个地区的６７个Ｃｏｌｌｅｔｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍ ｍｕｓａｅ（Ｂｅｒｋ．＆Ｃｕｒｔ．）Ａｒｘ菌株进行抗药性检测,所测菌株均表现出敏感,即未产生特克多抗药性。室内采用高浓度特克多和９０－９５％致死剂量紫外光进行抗性诱导,获得的抗性菌株均能在１０００μｇ／ｍｌ。特克多的ＰＤＡ培养基上生长,但ＥＣ５０值相差很大,最高达１３０μｇ／ｍｌ,而最低为０．８７μｇ／ｍｌ。抗性菌株对多菌灵和甲基托布津均     

肉碱脱水酶突变株的获得及其休止细胞反应条件的优化

对一株产肉碱脱水酶的菌株用溴化乙锭进行诱变,并经肉碱选择性培养基进行筛选,获得了一株高活性酶活的菌株,并进行了休止细胞转化巴豆甜菜碱为Ｌ－内碱的反应条件的研究。实验确定休止细胞的最适反应温度为３０℃～３２℃,ｐＨ８．１、０．０１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸缓冲液,时间８．５～１０ｈ。最适底物浓度为６０ｍｇ／ｍｌ,最适休止细胞浓度为６０ｍｇ／ｍｌ（湿重）,产率４０％（摩尔比）。建立了休止细胞酶反应的表观米氏方程,     

蝴蝶兰根段的组织培养

１　植物名称　蝴蝶兰（ＰｈａｌａｅｎｏｐｓｉｓＭｅｌｌｅｒＧｏｌｄ“ＮＦＳ”）。２　材料类别　根段。３　培养条件　（１）愈伤组织的诱导及分化培养基：Ｂ５＋ＮＡＡ１．５ｍｇ·Ｌ－１（单位下同）＋ＫＴ０．２＋ＣＭ１５０ｍｌ·Ｌ－１＋３％蔗糖;（２）原球茎增殖培养基：Ｂ５＋ＧＡ０．０５＋ＣＨ１２０＋３％蔗糖;（３）小苗生长培养基：１／２ＭＳ＋２０％香蕉泥＋２％蔗糖;（４）诱导生根培养基：１／２ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ０．３＋２％蔗糖。上述培养基均加０．２％活性炭,０．５８％琼脂粉,ｐＨ为５．５;培养基在１２１℃高…     

天竺葵花清除自由基作用的研究

用化学发光法研究了天竺葵花粗担液对超氧阴离子自由基（Ｏ２）＾＝和羟自由基（ＯＨ）的清除作用,用分光不镀法研究了它对１,１－二苯基－２－苦肼基自由基（ＤＰＰＨ０的清除作用。结果表明,天竺葵花具有很强的清除自由基活性。其粗提物清除Ｏ２＾－分别为３．５μｇ／ｍｌ（红花）,３．０μｇ／ｍｌ（粉花）,１．６μｇ／ｍｌ（浅粉花）,与茶多酚（ＩＣ５０＝１．１μｇ／ｍｌ）相近,清除ＯＨ的ＩＣ５０分别为５．７μｇ／     

人主动脉硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖对培养人的脐静脉内皮细胞生长的影响

为探讨硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖（ＨＳＰＧ）对内皮细胞生长的作用,用解聚提取及离子交换柱层析法分离出人主动脉ＨＳＰＧ,用倒置显微镜、细胞计数、及￣３Ｎ－ＴｄＲ参入观察其对培养的第一代人脐静脉内皮细胞（ｈＵＶＦＣ）生长的影响。结果发现：（１）倒置显微镜下观察,加入ＨＳＰＧ（１．７０μｇ已糖醛酸／ｍｌ）的ｈＵＶＥＣ生长密度高于对照组（未加ＨＳＰＧ）．（２）随着培养时间增加（２４,４８及７２ｈ）．根据细胞计数计算出同一剂量的ＨＳＰＧ（１７．０μｇ已糖醛酸／ｍｌ）对ｈＵＶＥＣ的促增殖％增高（分别为１４％,３０％及３７％）。（３）随着加入ＨＳＰＧ浓度的升高（４．３,８．５及１７．０μｇ已糖醛酸／ｍｌ．培养７２ｈ）．根据￣３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ参入计算出ＨＳＰＧ对ｈＵＶＥＣ的促增殖％亦增高（分别为４９％,７１％及９８％）。故人主动脉ＨＳＰＧ对培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞有促增殖作用。     

白细胞介素对大鼠离体垂体前叶细胞增殖的影响

本工作采用大鼠垂体前叶（ＡＰ）细胞原代培养方法,以３ＨＴｄＲ掺入率反映细胞增殖水平,研究了ＩＬ１和ＩＬ６对ＡＰ细胞增殖的影响。结果表明：（１）ＩＬ１（１－１００ｎｇ／ｍｌ）促进雄性大鼠和雌性大鼠ＡＰ细胞的增殖。（２）低浓度的ＩＬ６（０．１ｎｇ／ｍｌ）抑制雄性大鼠的ＡＰ细胞的增殖,而较高浓度的ＩＬ６（１－１０ｎｇ／ｍｌ）则表现为刺激作用。（３）ＩＬ６（０．１－１０ｎｇ／ｍｌ）促进雌性大鼠ＡＰ细胞的增殖。上述结果说明ＩＬ１和ＩＬ６除直接调控ＡＰ细胞的分泌外,也参与调节ＡＰ细胞增殖活动。     

香叶树果挥发油的化学成分和抗菌活性研究

本文利用ＧＣ－ＭＳ技术确定了香叶树（Ｌｉｎｄｅｒａ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓ）果挥发油１８种成分的化 学结构和相对含量,这些化合物多为倍半萜烯类或其含氧衍生物,优势成分为双（２－羟乙 基）月桂酰胺（４３．５％）和正癸酸（３５．８２％）。体外对１２种真菌和细菌的药敏实验表明,该 挥发油具有很好的抑制活性,其中,对致病真菌的 ＭＩＣ为 ０． ０３～０． ５ μｌ／ｍｌ,对污染霉菌 的 ＭＩＣ为 １． ０～２． ０ μｌ／ｍｌ,对细菌的 ＭＩＣ为 ０． ０２～０． ０３ μｌ／ｍｌ。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.