2018年河南省健康人群麻疹抗体水平及其影响因素分析

目的了解2018年河南省健康人群麻疹(measles)抗体的抗体阳性率和抗体浓度探讨其影响因素,为麻疹防控提供依据。方法采用横断面研究方法,用系统抽样的方法随机抽取部分县区的健康人群,填写调查表并采集血清,使用ELISA检测血清中麻疹抗体。按人口特征分别计算麻疹抗体阳性率和麻疹抗体浓度。采用χ~2检验统计不同人群特征之间麻疹抗体阳性率差异,采用单因素方差分析统计不同人群特征之间平均抗体浓度差异。采用logistic回归的方法分析麻疹抗体阳性率的影响因素。结果调查的649名健康人群中,麻疹抗体阳性率为85.21%,麻疹抗体浓度为745.99 mIU/mL。1～3岁组麻疹抗体阳性率最高,为93.33%;0～1岁组最低,仅为66.67%;各年龄组间抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=48.144、P=0.001,P0.05);麻疹抗体浓度1～3岁组最高,为1 096.05 mIU/mL,7～15岁组最低,为489.62 mIU/mL,各年龄组间抗体浓度差异有统计学意义(F=12.553、P=0.001,P0.05)。麻疹抗体阳性率孟津县最高,达到94.52%,原阳县最低,为76.82%,各县区间麻疹抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=31.156、P=0.001,P0.05);麻疹抗体浓度孟津县最高,达到906.43 mIU/mL,原阳县最低,为429.18 mIU/mL,各县区间麻疹抗体浓度差异有统计学意义(F=25.201、P=0.001,P0.05)。麻疹抗体阳性率和抗体浓度均呈现女性略高于男性,且男女性别差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。医务工作者麻疹抗体阳性率最高,为90.48%;公共场所服务人员仅有55.56%;不同职业麻疹抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=52.266、P=0.001,P0.05);农民的麻疹抗体浓度最高,高到1 112.92 mIU/mL;公共场所服务人员最低,仅有458.47 mIU/mL;各职业间麻疹抗体浓度差异有统计学意义(F=11.804、P=0.001,P0.05)。县区、职业及年龄组是麻疹抗体阳性率主要的影响因素。县区、职业及年龄组χ~2值分别为6.101、12.375、18.478,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。县区因素、职业因素的回归系数β0.000,年龄组是影响麻疹抗体阳性率升高的因素,其回归系数β0.000是影响麻疹抗体阳性率降低的因素;OR值分别为1.001、1.816和0.567。性别不是麻疹抗体阳性率的影响因素。结论河南省2018年麻疹抗体水平较低,麻疹抗体水平存在年龄、地区和职业差异,需及时监测麻疹抗体水平和调整免疫策略,继续加强常规麻疹疫苗的免疫接种,适时考虑对易感人群进行强化免疫,方能构建更完善的免疫屏障。     

青海省2008年15岁以下儿童麻疹抗体水平调查分析

对青海省1～14岁健康儿童麻疹抗体水平进行了调查,抽样分析并评价其预防接种质量.在全省六州一地一市各选择1个县,对1～14岁健康儿童进行抗体检测.结果显示,麻疹疫苗抗体阳性(≥1∶200)率为89.90%,保护率(≥1∶800)为81.91%,几何平均滴度GMT为1∶1551.76.不同性别、民族及年龄间麻疹抗体阳性率和GMT无显著的统计学意义.麻疹疫苗抗体阳性率除化隆县为79.41%外,其它各地均在85%以上,不同地区麻疹抗体阳性率仍有差别,保护率距消灭麻疹尚有较大差距,还应进一步提高疫苗接种率.     

2020年广州市荔湾区健康人群麻疹、风疹和水痘的IgG抗体水平监测分析

目的了解广州市荔湾区2020年健康人群的麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体水平,为本地制定免疫规划策略提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法确定被调查对象,采集血液标本共238份,进行麻疹、风疹和水痘的IgG抗体水平监测并进行分析。结果 ELISA检测血清样本共238份,麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体阳性率分别为97.06%、92.02%和79.41%,抗体几何平均浓度(geometric mean concentration, GMC)分别为1 204.65、43.38和290.38 mIU/mL。男女性别比为1.02∶1,麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2～4岁组麻疹IgG阳性率最低,不同年龄组阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=48.158,P0.05);0～1岁组的风疹IgG抗体阳性率最低,不同年龄组抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=36.980,P0.05);0～1岁组水痘IgG抗体阳性率非常低,不同年龄组抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=30.832,P0.05)。接种麻疹疫苗≥2剂次的人群IgG抗体阳性率为95.10%,不同免疫史差异无统计学意义(P=0.448,P0.05);接种风疹疫苗0剂次的人群IgG抗体阳性率最低,不同免疫史差异无统计学意义(P=0.020,P0.05);接种水痘减毒活疫苗0剂次的人群IgG抗体阳性率最低,接种2剂次的阳性率最高,不同免疫史差异有统计学意义(P=0.010,P0.05)。结论本区麻疹、风疹IgG抗体均维持在较高水平并有所提高;水痘IgG抗体水平较低,存在暴发、流行的可能。应加强麻疹、风疹免疫接种和查漏补种工作;有针对性地宣传水痘减毒活疫苗并推广接种;还须积极开展麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体水平监测。     

潍坊市健康人群麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎抗体水平调查

目的了解潍坊市健康人群麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎血清抗体水平,为消除麻疹、控制风疹及腮腺炎疫情提供依据。方法 2011年8月,采集昌乐、潍城2个县区<2、2～5、5～8、8～11、11～15、15～20、20～40、>40岁健康人群血标本,应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎IgG抗体。结果检测总数320人,其中昌乐县健康人群的麻疹抗体阳性率为98.75%、潍城为96.25%;风疹抗体阳性率昌乐县健康人群为89.38%、潍城区为91.88%。昌乐、潍城两地区健康人群麻疹、风疹的抗体阳性率差异均无统计学意义(χ2=1.15、0.59,P>0.05);昌乐县健康人群腮腺炎抗体阳性率为84.38%、潍城区健康人群为66.25%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.14,P<0.01);8组不同年龄健康人群的麻疹抗体阳性率为92.50%～100%,风疹抗体阳性率为87.50%～92.50%,腮腺炎抗体阳性率为67.50%～85.00%,各年龄组间均无统计学意义(χ2=13.49、1.58、5.23,P>0.05)。结论潍坊市麻疹抗体阳性率较高,风疹、腮腺炎抗体阳性率相对偏低,今后须要积极开展学龄儿童麻腮风三联疫苗的查漏补种工作。     

河南省新密市孕妇及新生儿巨细胞病毒感染流行特征分析

本研究旨在分析中国河南省新密市孕妇巨细胞病毒（Cytomegalovirus, CMV）血清流行特征，及新生儿先天性CMV(CCMV)感染特征，为将来CCMV感染预防奠定基础。2015年至2017年，河南省新密市妇幼保健院开展了一项前瞻性队列研究，对于孕早期在本院进行建卡产检的孕妇连续招募入组，分别在孕早期、孕中期及孕晚期采集其血液标本进行CMV-IgG检测。孕妇分娩后，采集新生儿唾液和尿液标本开展CMV-DNA检测，进行CCMV筛查和确认性检测。新密市孕妇CMV抗体阳性率为97.80%(3594/3 675,95%CI:97.27%～98.25%)，人群抗体阳性率、抗CMV～IgG抗体水平均随年龄有上升趋势。在抗体阳性孕妇中，孕早期IgG几何平均抗体浓度为11.10IU/mL(95%CI:10.80 IU/mL～11.41 IU/mL)；在抗体阴性孕妇中，孕期抗体阳转率为11.39%(9/79,95%CI:4.39%～18.40%)。新密市CCMV估算感染率为1.33%(49.28/3694,95%CI:1.01%～1.76%),97.92%CCMV新生儿来自孕早期抗体阳性孕妇。河南...     

深圳市南山区健康人群百日咳抗体水平及疫苗免疫成功率监测

目的了解深圳市南山区健康人群百日咳免疫现状及疫苗免疫成功率。方法健康人群抗体水平监测按照<1岁、1岁~、2岁~、3岁~、4岁~、5岁~、10岁~、15岁~、≥20岁共9个年龄组,每个年龄组随机抽取50~60人共508人进行观察,采用ELISA检测其百日咳抗体水平,免疫成功率监测选定监测对象为50人,同一对象于基础免疫前和完成基础免疫后1个月进行抗体水平检测。结果健康人群百日咳抗体阳性率为44.3%,抗体几何平均浓度(GMC)为21.69 U/m L。免疫成功率的免疫前抗体检测结果为:阴性94.0%、临界4.0%、阳性2.0%,抗体GMC为3.39 U/m L;免疫后抗体检测结果:阴性38.0%、临界16.0%、阳性46.0%,抗体GMC为20.75 U/m L。结论深圳市南山区健康人群百日咳抗体阳性率和免疫成功率均不高,提示要提高百日咳疫苗的免疫成功率和接种率,必要时进行加强免疫。     

长沙市2014年健康人群麻疹抗体水平分析

目的了解长沙市健康人群麻疹血清抗体水平,为制定免疫策略提供依据。方法按照整群分层随机抽样的原则,在长沙市所辖区、县按年龄分层随机抽取调查对象。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测麻疹Ig G抗体;数据采用SPSS 13.0处理,用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果共采样调查275人,麻疹抗体阳性率为96.7%。不同性别麻疹抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。<1岁组的麻疹Ig G抗体阳性率偏低,为77.4%;3~、5~、10~及≥15岁组的阳性率均为100.0%;1~岁组和7~岁组次之,分别为98.2%和97.3%。有麻疹类疫苗免疫史人群的麻疹抗体阳性率高于无麻疹类疫苗免疫史人群,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论长沙市健康人群麻疹血清抗体阳性率较高,基本形成了预防麻疹的免疫屏障。     

梅州市两次麻疹疫苗强化免疫效果分析

目的综合评估分析梅州市两次麻疹疫苗强化免疫效果,为消除麻疹提供科学依据。方法综合分析麻疹疫苗强化免疫现场调查资料、评估法定传染病报告系统中麻疹发病率的变化;随机对辖区内1～12岁健康儿童216名,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)进行强化免疫前及完成二次强化免疫后麻疹lgG抗体水平监测。结果监测人群完成二次强化免疫后麻疹IgG抗体阳性率达100.00%(216/216),2009年强化组、2010年强化组麻疹IgG抗体保护率和几何平均滴度(GMT)分别为82.08%、87.62%和1958.83、2050.26,均显著高于强化免疫前;2009年强化免疫后麻疹年发病率由强化免疫前五年平均发病率1.71/10万下降至0.22/10万,下降率87.13%,2010年强化后麻疹年发病率再次下降(0.039/10万),下降率82.27%。结论梅州市两次麻疹疫苗强化免疫效果显著,均大幅度降低了麻疹发病率、提高了人群麻疹抗体水平。     

HBsAg阴性母亲及其婴儿乙肝疫苗接种情况和免疫效果研究

目的：了解乙肝表面抗原阴性（HBsAg阴性）母亲及其婴儿乙肝疫苗接种情况及抗-HBs滴度水平,从而为今后针对该特殊人群进行更好的乙肝疫苗免疫策略提供依据。方法：2010年5月～2010年10月,对陕西省227对HBsAg阴性母亲及其婴幼儿（月龄为8～24月）进行流行病学调查并采集血液标本,对母婴血清抗-HBs进行定性及定量检测。结果：母亲乙肝表面抗体（抗-HBs）阳性率为45.4%,抗-HBs平均滴度为12.88 mIU/mL（95%CI：8.91-18.19）。婴儿乙肝疫苗首针、第二针和第三针的及时接种率分别为95.2%,93.8%和85.9%。婴儿抗-HBs阳性率为77.1%,抗-HBs平均滴度为37.15 mIU/mL（95%CI：28.18-48.98）。结论：婴儿乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率较高,但三针全程及时接种率仍需提高。母亲抗-HBs阳性率较低,应当重视HBsAg阴性孕龄妇女的乙肝疫苗接种及乙肝标志物的检测,从而提高该人群的乙肝免疫水平。     

2004-2013年玉溪市麻疹病例与人群抗体的监测分析

目的监测分析2004-2013年玉溪市麻疹病例与人群血清抗体,为预防控制麻疹提供科学依据。方法对玉溪市2004-2013年麻疹病例进行流行病学调查分析,采集人群血样标本,并用ELISA检测血清麻疹IgG抗体。结果全市共报告麻疹疑似病例1 086例和确诊病例457例,年均发病率为1.99/10万,发病率高峰在每年12月至次年2月,占总病例的43.55%(199/457),最高发病率(5.11/10万)、最低发病率(0.13/10万)分别在2005和2010年,发病率最高为红塔区5.75/10万,最低为通海县0.65/10万;2004-2008年病例数占83.81%,2009-2013年病例数占16.19%;散居儿童病例占发病数的42.67%,年龄小于14岁病例占78.34%。常住人口、流动人口病例数分别为222例和235例,年均发病率分别为1.06/10万和11.75/10万(χ2=1047.43,P<0.05)。19 010人群各年麻疹血清抗体阳性率范围是90.06%~97.62%,保护率范围为71.60%~87.72%;麻疹组份疫苗免疫1、2、3和4剂次保护率分别为74.49%、87.38%、87.72%和95.01%(χ2=462.402,P<0.05),接种1剂次与2、3、4剂次和2、3剂次与4剂次差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论麻疹病例数总体呈下降趋势,有季节、区域、人群分布差异,增加人群麻疹组分疫苗免疫剂次的策略有预防意义,强化免疫的成本效益值得探讨。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.