肌肽,棉酚对绵羊精子呼吸的影响

肌肽可刺激绵羊精子呼吸增强,尤以４ｍＭ／ｍｌ肌肽浓度效果最为显著,肌肽浓度继续增大,呼吸呈下降趋势,高浓度棉酚抑制绵羊精子呼吸,低浓度则刺激精子呼吸增强。加入２－ＤＯＧ（２－脱氧葡萄糖）后精子呼吸强度普遍提高,高浓度棉酚处理精子组织吸强度也有提高,但未精子活力得到改善。     

肌肽棉酚对绵羊精子运动及超微结构的影响

肌肽促进绵羊精子运动增强,直线运动精子数目增多;棉酚则强烈抑制精子运动并使精子的运动方式发生改变;肌肽与棉酚混合处理精子,肌肽可不同程度抵消棉酚对精子产生的有害作用。但当棉酚完全抑制精子运动后,再加入肌肽则不能使精子恢复运动。电镜观察,肌肽对绵羊精子超微结构无任何不良影响;棉酚同造成精子严重损伤,导致生物膜系统损害、轴丝崩解、线粒体螺旋鞘紊乱等。本文通过肌肽,棉酚加入的时序不同,探讨两者对绵羊精子     

高压静电场对绵羊精子存活率的影响

采用不同剂量的高压静电场处理绵羊精液,经分析发现,高压静电场对绵羊精具有激活作用。能提高绵羊精液品质,表现在适当剂量的高压静电场能显著地提高绵羊精子存活率,其中以６００ｋＶ／ｍ剂量处理效果最佳。１００ｋＶ／ｍ和３００ｋＶ／ｍ剂量对精子刺激不足,而９００ｋＶ／ｍ剂量则对精子刺激过程,导致部分精子损伤和死亡,同样达不到预期的效果。     

棉酚甲酸对金鱼精子质膜的影响

利用冷冻断裂-蚀刻制样技术,在超微结构水平上研究了棉酚甲酸对金鱼精子质膜内蛋白颗粒排列图式(包括晶格区)的影响.结果表明,棉酚甲酸能够使金鱼精子质膜内蛋白颗粒分布不匀:或者颗粒聚集成团,或者质膜内出现无颗粒区域;并且还能使质膜内特定部位晶格区的颗粒排列发生混乱.这些变化表明棉酚甲酸能使精子质膜的有序性降低,也即增加了质膜的流动性.     

激光辐照对绵羊精子代谢和体外获能的影响

本文采用He—Ne激光处理绵羊精液,通过测试精于超弱化学发光强度、TST染色,以了解精子代谢的变化,观察精子顶体反应的发生情况,进一步从受精学角度了解激光的辐照效应。     

CO2激光对绵羊精子呼吸效应的研究

本文研究表明,低剂量的激光可以提高精子的活力和呼吸,两者之间存在有强的正相关关系,说明激光辐照精子后,促进了精子的呼吸,合成了较多的ＡＴＬ提高了精子的活力。     

氦氖激光辐射绵羊精子顶体反应效应的研究

以不同剂量的氦氖激光辐射绵羊精液,发现低剂量的激光可以提高精子的活力,促进精子的顶体反应,改善精液的品质。     

用双相电泳技术分析棉酚对大鼠成熟精子蛋白质组成的影响

本文首次将双相电泳(等电聚焦和SDS电泳)技术应用于对棉酚作用机理的研究。实验结果表明,棉酚能够改变大鼠成熟精子的蛋白质组成;同时也证明,双相电泳这一技术对棉酚的研究是有效的。     

绵羊胞内单精子注射技术

In this study, the possibility of sheep transgenesis by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was assessed. In experiment 1, activation of ovine oocytes matured in vitro in preparation for ICSI has been investigated with 3.42 mmol/L Ca2+ treatment, ionomycin alone and ionomycin followed by 6-dimethylaminopurine (DMAP) after 3-h delay (group 1, 2 and 3, respectively). After activation, the oocytes were then cultured in SOFaaBSA medium. Cleavage rates were significantly (P<0.05) different among three groups (18.4%, 91.8% and 71.7%, respectively). In additional culture, no parthenotes in group 1, whereas 11% and 17.4% in group 2 and 3 developed to the blastocyst stage. Therefore we used the third activation method in the following ICSI tests. In experiment 2, development of ovine oocytes after ICSI was investigated. Thawed semen from two rams was separated by Percoll centrifugation and was used for ICSI or in vitro fertilization (IVF) trails. A total of 71.8% of oocytes reached the 2-cell stage following living sperm injection, which was significantly (p>0.05) different from those following IVF (41.4%) and sham-ICSI (30.2%). After seven days' culture, no sham-injected oocytes developed into the blastocyst stage, although 7% in ICSI and 16.1% in IVF-oocytes developed into the blastocyst stage, but there was no significant difference in ICSI and IVF groups (p>0.05). In the further study, the possibility of sheep transgenesis by ICSI was assessed. After coinjection of ovine oocytes matured in vitro with dead sperm cold to -20 degrees C and exogenous DNA encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP), seventy-three percent of coinjected oocytes developed to 2-cell stage (33/45) and two of them were transgene-expressing embryos. Among ten embryos at the 16-cell stage, all embryonic cells in one transgenic embryo still expressed GFP. Four coinjected blastocysts were thawed and transferred to the uterine of the two progesterone-synchronized recipient ewe. No pregnancies were detected on the 60th day. These results suggested sheep transgenic embryos could be produced by ICSI and further studies should be performed.     

THE EFFECTS OF SERUM ON SPERMATOZOA

A spermicidal factor was found in fresh human, bovine, rabbit, guinea pig, and rat sera. It kills the spermatozoa of its own species (except in the case of human serum) and the sperms of other species. It was unstable, thermolabile, and of large molecular size. It was present in limited quantity in the fresh serum and could be used up by a definite number of spermatozoa. It could be destroyed by sodium citrate, by Seitz filtration, by trypsin, and by snake venom. This factor was not present in tissue extracts and various plasma protein fractions. The strength or concentration of this factor varies in different individuals and in different species. This factor has several characteristics similar to those of complement.     

羊精子表面的凝集素标记特征

用辣根过氧化物酶标记的蓖麻凝集素和伴刀豆素Ａ,对绵羊精子表面的凝集素标记特征进行了观察。蓖麻凝集素在睾丸内精子的顶体区有中等强度标记,尾部有弱标记,在附睾内成熟时,顶体区标记逐渐增强,尾部的标记消失,获能后标记强度则明显减弱。伴刀豆素Ａ的标记在睾丸内的精子仅限于顶体区,随着在附睾内成熟,顶体区的标记增强,尾部也出现弱的标记,获能后有部分精子的标记强度有所增加。实验结果表明,羊精子在成熟过程和获能过程表面糖复合物发生明显修饰。     

大鼠及羊精子在附睾成熟过程中ATP酶活力及其对棉酚敏感性的变化

大鼠及羊精子在附睾成熟过程中ATP酶活力发生明显下降,酶活力的变化形式存在着种间差异。大鼠附睾体及附睾尾精子的ATP酶相对活力分别为附睾头的55.7％及59.6％,而羊则为92.1％及59.8％。 大鼠及羊附睾各区域精子的ATP酶对棉酚抑制作用的敏感程度不同。在5μmol/L的低棉酚的浓度下,大鼠附睾头、体及尾部精子的ATP酶活力分别降至对照组的40.8％、62.7％及81.4％;当棉酚浓度增至40μmol/L时,羊附睾头、体、尾部精子的ATP酶活力才分别降至对照组的63.8％、83.7％及90.7％。作者提出如能使药物作用于附睾精子的敏感区域以干扰其成熟,可能是一条有发展前景的抗生育新途径。     

光对花生叶片绿色细胞糖酵解代谢的影响

光下花生叶肉细胞悬浮液暗呼吸只有暗中的18％左右,丙酮酸含量下降,细胞质磷酸丙糖积累,叶绿体3—磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶活性上升,而非叶绿体的酶活性下降,叶绿体和细胞质的ATP/ADP比值同时增加。ATP/ADP>1时离体细胞质3—磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶活性下降,但叶绿体的酶不受影响。表明光下ATP/ADP比值上升影响细胞质3—磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶活性而使糖酵解受抑制。     

超低温冷冻对黄鳝精子中几种酶活性的影响

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蟹类精子超微结构的比较研究

应用光镜和电镜,比较研究了三疣梭子蟹,中华绒螯蟹和长江华溪蟹的成熟精子。揭示３种蟹精子都是不能游动的无鞭毛精子,呈球形,前后略扁,精子前端出现一光滑的小圆面,圆面四周有内陷的沟环。沟环之后,精子表面凹凸不平,并伸出多数辐射臂。３种蟹精子均为高度特化的细胞,外被质膜,内含细胞核,顶体及退化的细胞质。     

赤眼蜂属(Trichogramma)精子的超微结构研究

利用透射电子显敢镜研究了赤眼蜂属的松毛虫赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂精子的超微结构。精子呈线形,由头部、颈部和尾部组成。头部前端的顶体较小,为梭形,顶端稍有弯曲,它和核呈楔状拼接排列。颈部的中心粒以45°方向斜插入核内,在中心粒的外周不被中心粒侧体所包围。尾部的轴丝为9+9+2型。在副微管之间有九条粗纤维存在。一对线粒体衍生物内的晶体物质不明显。两种赤眼蜂的精子结构差异很小,松毛虫赤眼蜂精子尾部轴丝结构部分的九个链头之间没有横向联系,而在玉米螟赤眼蜂上能清楚见到。