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哈民忙哈遗址是迄今为止内蒙古乃至东北地区发现面积最大的一处史前聚落遗址,为重建当时的生产和生活情况、文化习俗甚至思想观念等都提供了弥足珍贵的实物资料。其中,重建该遗址先民的食物结构和生业经济,有助于揭示哈民忙哈遗址产生和兴盛的动因及科尔沁沙地史前文化的变迁过程。目前,多学科的研究成果已经初步显示哈民忙哈遗址先民的生业经济具有多样性,但各种生业模式的比重以及是否存在家畜饲养等问题还缺乏相应的了解。本文对该遗址87例人骨与18例动物骨骼进行了C、N稳定同位素分析,还原了人和动物的食物结构及生业经济面貌。结果显示,陆生野生动物的食物结构主要基于C3植物类食物和少量的C4农作物,而犬科动物则体现出家养动物的食谱特性:食物主要依赖C4食物和人类食物残羹。C4类粟黍农作物和以此饲喂的动物是该遗址先民的主要食物来源,其中粟黍农作物在食物结构中的地位尤其重要。在该遗址中,女性摄入相对较多的粟黍和相对较少的肉类,与男性在食物结构上存在显著差异。农耕、家畜饲养是先民最重要的经济行为,狩猎、渔猎和采集是生业的重要补充。 相似文献
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高寒草甸消费者种群稳定碳、氮同位素组成的海拔分异 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过测定青藏高原东部高寒区不同海拔主要植物和消费者种群(雀形目鸟类和小型哺乳类)的稳定碳、氮同位素比值,研究了高寒草甸消费者种群同位素组成特征及其影响因素。结果表明:植物平均稳定碳同位素随海拔升高表现出明显的增加趋势;消费者种群稳定碳、氮同位素随海拔的升高有明显的富集效应。雀形目鸟类种群稳定碳、氮同位素随海拔的升高均呈明显增加趋势;小型哺乳类稳定碳同位素随海拔上升不明显,而稳定氮同位素具有明显的增大趋势。消费者种群稳定碳、氮同位素沿海拔梯度的富集效应,一方面与植物稳定同位素在海拔梯度上的富集密切相关;另一方面与海拔和纬度变化所引起一系列环境因子的变化在一定程度上影响到动物的稳定同位素分布模式。另外,在高寒草甸地区,与雀形目鸟类相比,小型哺乳类在动物稳定同位素组成的代谢过程中更容易受到环境改变的影响。 相似文献
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了解古代儿童的断奶模式和喂养方式,可望为揭示古代儿童的营养状况、生长发育以及其死亡原因提供有价值的重要信息。近些年来,通过对古代儿童骨骼的C、N稳定同位素分析,重建古代儿童的断奶模式和喂养方式,成为国际生物考古界的研究前沿,但在我国尚无任何相关报道。为此,本文以安徽滁州薄阳城遗址人骨(包含不同年龄阶段的儿童和成年人)样品为研究材料,通过对同一个体肋骨和肢骨的C、N稳定同位素分析和比较,重点探讨了我国西周时期儿童的断奶模式及喂养方式。研究结果显示:儿童在2岁已有辅食的摄入,大多数儿童在3-4岁已经完成断奶;断奶后的儿童,其食物中包含更多的植物作为辅食。本研究,印证了我国历史文献中有关儿童喂养模式的最早记载(唐代孙思邈的医书《千金方》),也为系统探索我国古代儿童的断奶模式和喂养方式提供了很好的范例。 相似文献
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为了解我国水库生态系统营养结构特征, 研究应用稳定同位素技术分析了四川省东南部的典型小型水库松林水库中不同水生生物碳、氮稳定性同位素比值。基于Bayesian混合模型(SIAR)分析了不同消费者基础碳来源, 并计算了δ13C–δ15N同位素生态位中6个营养结构量化指标。结果表明: 调查期间松林水库处于富营养化状态; 初级生产者POM(主要成分为浮游藻类)、固着藻类、喜旱莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides和水蓼Polygonum hydropiper的δ13C值范围为–29.20‰—18.81‰, δ15N值范围为4.01‰—12.73‰; 其中POM和固着藻类是多数消费者的主要碳源; 松林水库食物网营养级长度为3级, 以杂食性鱼类为优势类群并存在营养冗余现象, 暗示了该生态系统鱼类群落结构的相对稳定性; 入侵物种福寿螺Pomacea lineata、罗非鱼Oreochromis spp.与土著物种铜锈环棱螺Bellamya aeruginosa、鲫Carassius auratus等之间存在明显的同位素生态位重叠现象。建议加强水生生物资源管理, 减少外来物种入侵对当地土著物种的保护具有重要意义。 相似文献
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实验通过模拟传统方法制作和保存蜡质标本, 旨在探究制作和保存的不同阶段对3种沉水植物碳、氮稳定同位素值的影响。结果表明, 制作和保存标本的过程均会对沉水植物的碳、氮稳定同位素值产生影响。植物标本压制的过程显著降低了沉水植物平均碳稳定同位素值, 其中马来眼子菜下降了1.78‰, 穗花狐尾藻下降了0.98‰, 金鱼藻下降了0.72‰。在压制过程中氮稳定同位素值只有金鱼藻显著下降了1.1‰。沉水植物标本制作的浸泡过程使穗花狐尾藻和马来眼子菜的碳稳定同位素值分别出现了1.00‰和0.52‰的上升, 金鱼藻的碳稳定同位素值增长小于0.08‰, 氮稳定同位素值没有显著变化。沉水植物对标本制作和保存的过程响应存在种间差异。在制作和保存过程中对植物碳稳定同位素产生的影响大于氮稳定同位素值。因此建议, 如果所研究对象的稳定同位素生态学差异小于3‰, 蜡质标本的样品需要进行实验校准, 不然会对结果产生影响。 相似文献
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利用碳氮稳定同位素技术分析东海银鲳食性 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
利用稳定同位素技术分析了东海银鲳(Pampus argenteus)及其可能摄食饵料的碳、氮稳定同位素比值,以期探讨东海银鲳可能的食物来源.结果表明:东海区银鲳平均碳(813C)和氮(δ15N)稳定同位素比值分别为-18.22‰、8.16‰,其可能摄食饵料的δ13C值变化范围为-17.33‰~-21.58‰,差值为4.25‰,δ15N值变化范围为3.89‰~7.96‰,差值为4.07‰;东海银鲳可能的食物来源主要为箭虫、虾类、水母类、头足类、仔稚鱼和浮游动物等,其中箭虫为主要可能的食物来源,其贡献率为24%~78%,平均贡献率为57%;银鲳可能摄食的其他饵料中,贡献率从大到小依次为虾类、水母类、头足类、仔稚鱼、>1000 μm浮游动物、500~1000 μm浮游动物和100~500 μm浮游动物,其平均贡献率分别为11.8%、8.4%、7.1%、5.0%、4.9%、3.2%和2.6%.由以上结果可知,银鲳是一种广食性鱼类,其饵料种类较多,碳和氮的来源均较为复杂. 相似文献
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王梓鑫;王春伶;吕海敏;赵梦飞;林东圣;刘焕章;刘飞 《水生生物学报》2025,49(8):082515-1-082515-16
为探究赤水河鱼类食物网特征, 研究根据2023年丰水期(6月)和枯水期(12月)不同江段采集的鱼类样本的碳、氮稳定同位素值(δ 13C和δ 15N), 采用MixSIAR模型和SIBER等方法对赤水河鱼类营养级及群落营养结构的时空变化特征等进行了分析。结果表明, 赤水河鱼类的δ 13C和δ 15N值变化范围分别为–29.36‰— –15.81‰和6.27‰—16.66‰, 上游和中游段丰水期δ 13C和δ 15N值显著高于枯水期(P <0.05), 而下游段季节变化不明显(P >0.05); 鱼类δ 13C和δ 15N值整体表现出随着河流向下游延伸先增加后降低的趋势, 中游段鱼类δ 13C和δ 15N值显著高于其他江段(P <0.05)。鱼类营养级范围为1.21—4.46, 丰水期平均营养级显著高于枯水期(P <0.05), 中游段鱼类平均营养级显著高于其他江段(P <0.05)。不同摄食功能群营养级差异显著, 鱼食性鱼类的营养级显著高于其他摄食功能群(P <0.05)。营养结构特征指标分析显示, 赤水河鱼类群落营养结构时空差异显著。时间上, 除下游江段外, 其他江段的氮值范围(NR)、生态位总面积(TA)、平均最邻近距离(MNND)和最邻近距离标准差(SDNND)等指标均表现为丰水期高于枯水期, 表明丰水期鱼类资源利用更为广泛、生态位分化更为明显、食物网结构更为复杂; 空间上, 随着河流向下游延伸, 氮值范围(NR)、碳值范围(CR)和生态位总面积(TA)逐渐增加, 表明群落营养多样性逐渐增加、食物网结构渐趋复杂。研究为理解赤水河生态系统结构与功能提供了重要视角, 同时也为赤水河鱼类多样性保护与生态修复提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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新疆巴里坤东黑沟遗址出土人骨的碳氮同位素分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文以新疆巴里坤东黑沟遗址出土的人骨为研究对象, 测定骨中的碳、氮同位素比值, 揭示该地区古代先民的食谱特征, 探索当时人们的生活与生产方式、经济形态等历史信息。研究结果发现: 人骨样品的δ13C值分布在-18.96‰~-17.74‰范围内, 样品的δ15N值均较高, 分布在12.64‰~14.33‰范围内, 表明新疆巴里坤东黑沟遗址先民的食物结构是肉类食物在日常饮食生活占有相当大的比例。根据考古发掘出土的动植物遗存, 肉类的获取应来源于驯养的牛、羊等或部分狩猎所得的鹿等动物, 植物性食物主要来源于大麦、小麦等C3类作物, 这与其生活的环境和以游牧为主, 农业和狩猎为辅的经济形态密切相关; 男性与女性的食物结构相同。 相似文献
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本文从原理和方法上对目前由人骨元素、同位素分析研究古人类食物结构的三个主要方面,即骨胶原碳十三、氮十五的分析,微量元素锶、钡分析以及同位素锶、铅的分析逐一做了介绍。在此基础上结合自己的工作将国内该研究领域中有关的研究现状和主要研究成果,特别是获得的新进展做了回顾和总结。 相似文献
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ZHANG Guowen 《人类学学报》2017,36(01):110
To reveal the paleodiet and subsistence strategies of the Early Xianbei,this paper carried a stable isotope analysis on the human and animal bone from the Zhalainuoer,Tuanjie and Dongwuzhuer sites. The results show that human have a mixed diet of C3 and C4. We infer that these C4 foods probably were provided by the minor millet agriculture in Hulunbeier grassland. High δ15N values of the humans show that the Early Xianbei people have a heavy reliance on the animal proteins,indicating that human probably mainly relied on the pastoralism and hunting. Stable isotope C,N and S analysis of human and animal bones show that their diet mainly come from local terrestrial system except for one horse individual (DW M3 ① ),which likely come from other areas and indicate of a outlier. 相似文献
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Although human dietary evidence from the Jiangzhai site has already been investigated, there are some important issues that have not been discussed clearly, such as whether these human diets changed between periods, and whether there were any differences in human diets among the Banpo, Shijia and Jiangzhai sites. Considering these concerns, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic analysis on ancient human bones from the Jiangzhai site was reanalyzed. The values of carbon isotopes of human bone collagen(-11.5‰~-8.5‰, with a mean value of-9.7±1.0‰, N=14) and the archaeological remains of millet(C4 plant) revealed that millet was the primary food resource for humans. The values of nitrogen isotope(7.8‰~9.7‰, with a mean value of 8.5±0.5‰, N=14) suggested that animal resources contributed a low proportion of the human diets. There was no correlation between human δ13C data and δ15N data, which suggested that the ancient human diet from this site was mainly based on highly developed millet agriculture at that time. In addition, there was no significant difference in the human diets between the two periods, which was a different result from the archaeozoological results. This result was probably because that the sample size of humans was small,the ratio of wild animal meat in human diets in the second period increased only a little, and meat was not a significant resource to human diets in both periods. Although the nearby Jiangzhai, Shijia and Banpo sites belonged to the same period, the mean δ13C value of human bones from the Jiangzhai site(-9.7±1.0‰, N=19) was similar to that of the Shijia site(-10.0±0.7‰, N=9), but much higher than that of the Banpo site(-14.8±1.9‰, N=5).These results suggested that millet agriculture at the Banpo site was inferior to that of the Jiangzhai and Shijia sites, which might be related to the small sample size of humans at the Banpo site and the differing paleoenvironments of these three sites. 相似文献
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喇嘛洞遗址是我国北方地区一处以三燕文化墓葬为主的大型墓地,对其出土人骨进行C和N稳定同位素分析,可望了解先民的食谱,揭示其生活方式进而探索鲜卑与汉的相互联系。该遗址20个墓葬出土人骨的C、N含量以及C/N摩尔比反映了样品均保存较好,可用作食谱分析。人骨中骨胶原δ13C和δ15N分析显示,先民主要以C4类食物为食,且基本为素食,这当与发达的糜子和粟米农业密切相关,表明喇嘛洞遗址鲜卑生活方式已受到汉文化的强烈影响,由游猎为生转变为农业生产为主。对不同性别的先民食谱差异性进行t检验,发现男女食谱上不存在显著差异。样品BLM63和BLM99的δ15N值相对较高,揭示了其食物结构中含有一定量的肉类。 相似文献
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Predatory beetles are an important component of the natural enemy complex that preys on insect pests such as aphids within agroecosystems. Tracing diet origins and movement of natural enemies aids understanding their role in the food web and informs strategies for their effective conservation. Field sampling and laboratory experiments were carried out to examine the changes of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) among crops (cotton and maize), pests (cotton and maize aphids), and between wing and abdomen of predatory beetles, Propylea japonica, and to test the hypothesis that prey origins, proportions and feeding periods of the predatory beetles can be deduced by this stable isotope analysis. Results showed that the δ13C values both in wing and abdomen of adult P. japonica were changing from a C3- to a C4-based diet of aphids reared on maize or cotton, respectively; the isotope ratio of their new C4 substrates were detectable within 7 days and the δ15N values began to reflect their new C4 substrates within 3 days. The relationship between δ13C and δ15N values of P. japonica adults in wing or abdomen and diets of aphids from a C3-based resource transitioning to a C4-based resource were described best in linear or quadratic equations. Results suggest that integrative analysis of δ13C and δ15N values can be regarded as a useful method for quantifying to trace prey origins, proportions of diets and feeding periods of natural enemies. The results can provide quantifying techniques for habitat management of natural enemies. 相似文献
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姜寨遗址先民食谱分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
尽管通过C、N稳定同位素分析已对陕西临潼姜寨遗址先民的食物结构和粟作农业进行了初步探索,但研究中的一些重要问题,如不同时期先民食物结构的演变,姜寨与半坡、史家先民食物结构间的差异等,依然未能深入讨论。为此,本文对姜寨遗址出土的不同时期(一期、二期)人骨进行了C、N稳定同位素分析,试图揭示先民食物结构的演变历程,探索姜寨与半坡、史家先民食物结构间的差异,并初步探讨产生这种差异的可能原因。人骨的δ13C平均值(-9.7±1.0‰)和δ15 N平均值(8.5±0.5‰),表明粟类食物(包括粟类作物以及依赖于粟类作物的动物等)在姜寨先民食谱中占据主要地位,且动物资源在食物中的比例相对较低。两期先民的δ13C和δ15N值,无显著性差异,表明先民一直从事粟作农业以及家畜的饲养活动。食谱分析并未发现第二期先民食用更多野生动物的证据,这可能与先民样品量相对偏少、二期先民食用的野生动物比例上升较小、动物类食物在先民食谱中所占比例较小等原因有关。对比地理位置毗邻、文化年代相近的姜寨、史家、半坡遗址先民δ13C值,姜寨(-9.7±1.0‰,N=19)与史家(-10.0±0.7‰,N=9)接近,而远高于半坡(-14.8±1.9‰,N=5),表明半坡遗址粟作农业的种植规模要逊于姜寨和史家遗址。我们认为,不同遗址间先民δ13C值的差异,可能受半坡样品量偏少、遗址间小生态环境不同等因素的影响。 相似文献
16.
Isotope variability of particulate organic matter at the PN section in the East China Sea 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
The source of particulate organic matter at the PN section in the East China Sea has been evaluated using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. The results showed that the 13C and 15N compositions varied from –19 to –31 and 0.7–9.5 respectively, and the isotope compositions were statistically distinct, enabling, by use of a simple components mixing equations, assessment of the ability of each tracer to estimate the terrestrial, Kuroshio Water, marine and remineralized sources' contributions. The dominance of terrestrial inputs of the Changjiang could be observed 250 km far from the river mouth in the East China Sea. In the shelf water column, the remineralization of biogenic organic matter becomes an important source except for the terrigenous and marine sources. The estimation of sources recorded by 13C data was partly confirmed by equivalent 15N and C/N compositions that reflected greater control by organic matter diagenesis and biological processing. However, the lighter contribution of 13C data of the Kuroshio samples also indicates the alteration of the isotope values by microbial or other processes. The net export flux of POC in the PN section is estimated to be 4.1 kmol C/s and the annual export is 129 Gmol C/yr, which is account for 20% of the East China Sea. 相似文献
17.
From Meroitic to Christian times (350 B .C .–A .D . 1400), Sudanese Nubia experienced political, economic, cultural, and environmental upheaval. Change in any one of these aspects of ancient lifeways can affect subsistence. Dietary patterns from this period are reconstructed by measuring stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in tissue samples from 146 mummies excavated from five sites in the Wadi Halfa area. On average, δ13C values of bone collagen, muscle, and skin indicate high consumption levels of C3 plants (presumably wheat or barley staples, mixed vegetables, and fruits) throughout the sequence. However, during the X-Group period (A .D . 350–550), there is a statistically significant increase in consumption of C4 plants (millet or sorghum), which are predominant in both the archeological record and in modern crop production for most of the Northern Sudan. The X-Group period was also associated with a low Nile and political and economic restructuring. Increased use of C4 plants on a seasonal basis is also indicated by shifting δ13C values along hair shafts for both X-Group and Christian periods. δ15N values suggest that the major source of protein for all time periods came from herbivorous animals. A small, but significant increase in 15N over the 1,000-year sequence could be the result of fertilization. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
18.
一般认为,先民食物结构的差异是人类不同社会等级的重要表现形式之一。然而,对于考古学资料中未见明显等级差异的先民来说,其是否存在食物结构上的差别,仍需认真加以探讨。为此,本文对山西聂店遗址墓葬(基本无随葬品或随葬品较少)中出土的人骨进行了C、N稳定同位素分析,研究结果表明:先民的食物结构,体现了典型中国北方农业经济的特点,即以粟作农业和家畜饲养为生。此外,尽管在考古学意义上聂店先民的等级相近,但其在食物资源的获取上却显示出明显差异,且这种差异与先民的性别、年龄和随葬品的种类和多寡无关。因此,在社会等级较为模糊的人类社会,先民对食物资源的获取,很可能更多地受到人群组成、生活习惯等因素的影响,而与社会等级的相对高低无关。 相似文献
19.
J. R. Ehleringer D. R. Bowling L. B. Flanagan J. Fessenden B. Helliker L. A. Martinelli J. P. Ometto 《Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)》2002,4(2):181-189
Abstract: Scaling and partitioning are frequently two difficult challenges facing ecology today. With regard to ecosystem carbon balance studies, ecologists and atmospheric scientists are often interested in asking how fluxes of carbon dioxide scale across the landscape, region and continent. Yet at the same time, physiological ecologists and ecosystem ecologists are interested in dissecting the net ecosystem CO2 exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere to achieve a better understanding of the balance between photosynthesis and respiration within a forest. In both of these multiple-scale ecological questions, stable isotope analyses of carbon dioxide can play a central role in influencing our understanding of the extent to which terrestrial ecosystems are carbon sinks. In this synthesis, we review the theory and present field evidence to address isotopic scaling of CO2 fluxes. We first show that the 13 C isotopic signal which ecosystems impart to the atmosphere does not remain constant over time at either temporal or spatial scales. The relative balances of different biological activities and plant responses to stress result in dynamic changes in the 13 C isotopic exchange between the biosphere and atmosphere, with both seasonal and stand-age factors playing major roles influencing the 13 C biosphere-atmosphere exchange. We then examine how stable isotopes are used to partition net ecosystem exchange fluxes in order to calculate shifts in the balance of photosynthesis and respiration. Lastly, we explore how fundamental differences in the 18 O isotopic gas exchange of forest and grassland ecosystems can be used to further partition terrestrial fluxes. 相似文献
20.
Insights into nitrogen and carbon dynamics of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi from isotopic evidence 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
The successful use of natural abundances of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopes in the study of ecosystem dynamics suggests
that isotopic measurements could yield new insights into the role of fungi in nitrogen and carbon cycling. Sporocarps of mycorrhizal
and saprotrophic fungi, vegetation, and soils were collected in young, deciduous-dominated sites and older, coniferous-dominated
sites along a successional sequence at Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska. Mycorrhizal fungi had consistently higher δ15N and lower δ13C values than saprotrophic fungi. Foliar δ13C values were always isotopically depleted relative to both fungal types. Foliar δ15N values were usually, but not always, more depleted than those in saprotrophic fungi, and were consistently more depleted
than in mycorrhizal fungi. We hypothesize that an apparent isotopic fractionation by mycorrhizal fungi during the transfer
of nitrogen to plants may be attributed to enzymatic reactions within the fungi producing isotopically depleted amino acids,
which are subsequently passed on to plant symbionts. An increasing difference between soil mineral nitrogen δ15N and foliar δ15N in later succession might therefore be a consequence of greater reliance on mycorrhizal symbionts for nitrogen supply under
nitrogen-limited conditions. Carbon signatures of mycorrhizal fungi may be more enriched than those of foliage because the
fungi use isotopically enriched photosynthate such as simple sugars, in contrast to the mixture of compounds present in leaves.
In addition, some 13C fractionation may occur during transport processes from leaves to roots, and during fungal chitin biosynthesis. Stable isotopes
have the potential to help clarify the role of fungi in ecosystem processes.
Received: 7 January 1998 / Accepted: 9 November 1998 相似文献