杉木雄性不育株与可育株的过氧化物酶同工酶和呼吸强度的比较研究

本文对杉木（Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａ（Ｌａｍｂ．）Ｈｏｏｋ．）雄性不育株与可育株在小孢子发生和发育过程中的雄球花和叶进行过氧化物酶同工酶和呼吸强度的研究。结果表明：可育株雄球花在其小孢子发生和发育过程中有三个呼吸高峰,可划分为７个时期－－花芽分化期、小孢子囊分化和造孢细胞形成期、造孢细胞＂休眠＂期、小孢子母细胞形成和减数分裂期、四分体时期、雄配子体形成期、撒粉期。而不育株只出现前二个呼吸峰和前５个时期,在小孢子母细胞形成后,呼吸强度降至低谷,导致能量供应短缺和减数分裂异常,引起败育。不育株叶在其造抱细胞＂休眠＂期无呼吸峰出现可能与其败育有关。不耷株雄球花过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱明显不同于可育株。作者认为：杉木雄性不育是由核不育基因和细胞质不育基因共同调控的结果,调控过氧化物酶同工酶表达可能有三种不同的遗传功能。过氧化物酶对呼吸作用有一定影响,但各种过氧化物酶同工酶并非等效。     

棉属种间高代系的过氧化物酶同工酶研究

利用薄层等电聚焦方法,对已稳定遗传２０代的棉属陆地棉（Ｇｏｓｓｙｐｉｕｍ ｈｉｒｓｕｔｕｍ ）×中棉（Ｇ．ａｒｂｏｒｅｕｍ ）种间高代系蕾期真叶及花药中的过氧化物酶同工酶进行研究,结果表明：１．同一棉种的不同品种,其过氧化物酶同工酶基本相同,同一染色体组的不同棉种,其过氧化物酶同工酶存在一定的差异,不同染色体组的棉种,其过氧化物酶同工酶存在显著的差异;２．高代系的同工酶谱与母本“科遗２号”相似,而与父本中棉“完紫”具有较大的差异     

辣椒细胞质雄性不育系的3种同工酶分析

以辣椒细胞质雄性不育系21A及其同核异质保持系21B为试验材料,比较分析两系雄配子发育过程中酯酶（EST）、谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）和苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）同工酶的表达特征。结果表明：幼叶和花蕾的EST同工酶酶谱在谱带数目和酶带强弱上存在时空表达差异,并且随着雄配子发育的进行,保持系21B从中花蕾至特大花蕾比不育系21A多1条清晰的谱带（EST3e）,其差异表达发生在细胞学上观察到的败育时期之前;在GDH同工酶中,保持系21B从大花蕾至特大花蕾比不育系多6条谱带（GDH,和GDH1／2）,酶谱差异表达时期与细胞学上观察到的败育时期一致;而在MDH同工酶中,不育系21A和保持系21B的幼叶和各级花蕾的酶谱在谱带数目和谱带强弱上均没有明显差异。     

小麦与玉米及鸭茅状摩擦禾远缘杂交的胚发育过程中同工酶和蛋白质的变化

通过比较小麦与玉米及鸭茅状摩擦禾属间杂交获得的胚与小麦正常自交的胚之间在不同发育时期过氧化物酶和酯酶的同工酶谱,发现过氧化物酶同工酶表现出时空顺序的特异性变化。在同一发育时期,远缘杂交的具胚子房和无胚子房之间存在过氧化物酶同工酶谱的差异,这可能涉及到与胚发育相关的同工酶的出现。远缘杂交的具胚子房和正常自交的小麦子房之间也有一定的酶谱差异。同时,同一材料还表现出不同发育时期的过氧化物酶酶谱差别。在远缘杂交后的胚发育期间,酯酶同工酶的时空表达不如过氧化物酶显著。此外,对远缘杂交后的胚中的水溶性蛋白质进行了SD S-PAGE分析,初步的分析结果表明,可能存在与胚发育相关的蛋白质。     

吲哚丁酸处理桉树插条后过氧化物酶活性和同工酶变化与插条生根的关系

尾叶桉MLA无性系（简称MLA）为难生根植物,属叶桉U6无性系（简称6）和刚果12号桉W5无性系（简称W5）为相对易生根植物。MLA的插条中的过氧化物酶（POD）活性较U6、W5的高。用吲哚丁酸（IBA）处理桉树的插条后,在扦插生根的不同阶段,插条内的POD活性呈现规律性的变化。蛋白质含量呈上升趋势。POD同工酶谱带也随生根的进程出现增多的现象。本文讨论了过氧化物酶与桉树插条生根的关系。     

安徽产石蒜属植物三种酶同工酶的分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术分离同工酶,首次分析了安徽产石蒜属６种植物十一个居群的过氧化物酶、酯酶、苹果酸脱氢酶三种酶同工酶,比较了居群间酶谱差异,并用数量分类方法,对酶谱资料进行了聚类分析（ＵＰＧＭＡ法）。结果表明：１、过氧化物酶、酯酶同工酶酶谱均显示出居群间的差异,而苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶酶谱居群间共性很大。２、酶谱特征显示,三种酶系统在居群间或居群间的差异,但种间居群的酶谱差异明显大于种内居群的差     

大蒜苗端和花序发育与过氧化物酶变化的相互关系

利用联苯胺组织化学染色、石蜡切片法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳等方法,研究大蒜苗端和花序中形态解剖结构在不同发育阶段的变化,与过氧化物酶及其同工酶变化的相互关系。发现同工酶谱的变化与发育变化密切相关：营养生长时期有４条谱带（ＰⅠ、ＰⅡ、ＰⅢ、ＰⅣ）,成花转化期ＰⅢ、ＰⅣ带相继消失,花序发育时期出现了一条新的谱带（ＰⅤ）。酶的高活性部位集中在原形成层细胞中和生长分化区域的细胞壁上。探讨了过氧化物酶与个体发育     

木犀科系统研究中过氧化物同工酶的应用

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝电泳分析了木犀科７属５１种（亚种,变种及某些被归并的种）植物叶片过氧化物同工酶。研究结果表明,尽管个别种的种内酶谱有变化,但各个种都有能与其他种相区别的酶谱,各属也具有其特征酶谱,过氧化物同工酶适宜的作为木犀科分类的一个重要指标。根据酶谱认为不分亚科,各族独立为宜,酶谱支持雪柳属和连翘属分别从族及丁香族中独立出来单独建族;支持撤消丁香族,将丁香属并入木犀榄族而靠近女贞属,根据酶谱及     

黑小麦与普通小麦过氧化物酶和蛋白质的比较研究

以小麦作对照．系统研究了2种黑小麦幼苗生长过程中过氧化物酶(POD)活性的变化．同时利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳对2种黑小麦的幼苗生长不同时期根、芽的过氧化物酶同工酶及其蛋白质进行了分离分析。结果显示：黑小麦POD酶活性高于小麦。黑小麦POD同工酶谱与小麦差异明显．且在幼苗生长不同时期变化显著。幼根与幼芽中可溶性蛋白的合成动态具有明显差异。     

辣椒细胞质雄性不育系和保持系过氧化物酶同工酶的比较分析

运用辣椒细胞质雄性不育系21A和保持系21B为试材,比较分析了过氧化物酶（POD）同工酶在幼叶和不同发育时期花蕾中的表达特征。结果表明,辣椒花蕾中的POD同工酶谱带均比叶片中的更丰富,表现出明显的组织特异性。不育系21A和保持系21B间的酶谱在幼叶和小花蕾（纵径0．8～1．5mm）中基本无差异,但从中花蕾（纵径2～3mm）开始,保持系21B的一些酶带（POD4b和POD4c）染色开始减弱。在大花蕾（纵径4．5～5mm）和特大花蕾（纵径6．8～7mm）时期,不育系比保持系分别多2条酶带（POD2c和POD4b）和1条酶带（POD2c）,表明辣椒细胞质雄性不育系21A与保持系21B花蕾中的POD同工酶表达与小孢子的发育过程相关,其表达差异发生在细胞学上观察到的败育之前。     

赖草属七个种同工酶研究

用聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳法对赖草属７个种的幼根、幼叶进行了酯酶、过氧化物酶同工酶分析,结果表明：无论从相同器官进行不同的同工酶分析,还是从不同器官进行相同的同工酶分析,这７个种的酶谱在各带区存在相似酶带,但更多的是相异酶带。从酯酶、过氧化物酶这两种酶分析结果来看,酯酶比过氧化物酶分离效果好些;从幼根和幼叶这两个器官的酶谱来看,幼根比幼叶酶带多些,分离效果也好些。同时也表明这７个种的酶谱变化与染色体倍性变化无关     

梨实生树个体发育过程中蛋白质含量、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶同工酶的变化

梨实生树个体童区的童年组织的叶片中,总蛋白和可溶性蛋白含量明显低于成年区的成年组织,过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的同工酶谱型也不同子成年组织。而当童年枝条高接在该树的童区和成年区后,主要形态性状、两种蛋白质含量及同工酶谱,分别与非高接的童区、成年区组织有相同表现。高接在童区的成年枝条生长受抑,蛋白质含量下降,但叶片、针刺、节间长度以及同工酶谱型仍表现一定的成年特性。蛋白质含量或同工酶谱的变化与梨实生树组织的成熟有关;个体的发育规律与组织所处的环境有关。     

Tissue specificity of tobacco peroxidase isozymes and their induction by wounding and tobacco mosaic virus infection

Peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7) have been implicated in the responses of plants to physical stress and to pathogens, as well as in a variety of cellular processes including cell wall biosynthesis. Tissue samples from leaf, root, pith, and callus of Nicotiana tabacum were assayed for specific peroxidase isozymes by analytical isoelectric focusing. Each tissue type was found to exhibit a unique isozyme fingerprint. Root tissue expressed all of the detectable peroxidase isozymes in the tobacco plant, whereas each of the other tissues examined expressed a different subset of these isozymes. In an effort to determine which peroxidase isozymes from Nicotiana tabacum are involved in cell wall biosynthesis or other normal cellular functions and which respond to stress, plants were subjected to either wounding or infection with tobacco mosaic virus. Wounding the plant triggered the expression of several cationic isozymes in the leaf and both cationic and anionic isozymes in pith tissue. Maximum enzyme activity was detected at 72 hours after wounding, and cycloheximide treatment prevented this induction. Infection of tobacco with tobacco mosaic virus induced two moderately anionic isozymes in the leaves in which virus was applied and also systemically induced in leaves which were not inoculated with virus.     

四川王朗自然保护区大熊猫主食竹——缺苞箭竹(Fargesia denudat)不同发育时期酯酶和α-淀粉酶同工酶的研究

通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,对生长在亚高山地带的大熊猫主食竹的实生苗、成竹和开花竹中不同发生年龄鞭系,以及同一鞭系内一系列生长年龄竹株作了酯酶、α-淀粉酶同工酶的比较研究。结果表明,同一竹种的不同发生年龄鞭系之间叶酯酶电泳类型存在明显差异,而同一鞭系内α-淀粉酶同工酶的变化表现与竹株生长年龄有关。由此认为,上述同工酶系统可以用作竹类无性系发育分析的生理指标。     

玉米酯酶同工酶和过氧化物酶同工酶的分子量研究

本试验利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶梯度电泳分步染色法直接对玉米苗期酯酶同工酶和过氧化物酶同工酶各酶带的分子量进行了比较测定。酯酶同工酶 E_1、E_2、E_3~F、E_3~S、a、b、c 各酶带的分子量分别为<20000,35200、33000、38500、29900、28500、34000道尔顿过氧化物酶同工酶 PX_4~F和 PX_4~S酶带的分子量分别为131000和149000道尔顿。根据酶带在均匀胶和梯度胶中的位置变化对各酶带的生化性质作了初步分析,发现 E_3~F和 E_3~S、PX_4~F 和 PX_4~S 在迁移率上的差异主要是分子量的差异。本文为同工酶的分子量测定提供了一个简便的方法。     

Superoxide dismutase and peroxidase are coordinately regulated in differentiated and transformed tissues of Nicotiana tabacum

We used a series of normal and Agrobacterium-transformed, bacteria-free tobacco tissue cultures which differ in their levels of histodifferentiation to test the relationship of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase to oncogenic transformation and differentiation. When compared with normal callus, tumor callus contained reduced levels of both superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, and a reduced number of isozymes of both enzymes. Teratomas characterized by limited but abnormal differentiation showed increases in superoxide-dismutase activity and isozymes, but levels of peroxidase activity lower than those found in normal callus despite an increase in the number of peroxidase isozymes. A similar disparity between low peroxidase activity and high isozyme number in the shoot suggests that there are increased levels of peroxidase inhibitors or of molecules which interfere with the spectrophotometric assay for peroxidase in more differentiated tissues. As judged by the number of isozymes of both superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in each tissue, the following conclusions are warranted: first, tobacco copper/zinc superoxide dismutases and peroxidases are encoded in several duplicated loci which are regulated independently. Second, transformation is associated with a decrease in both the specific activity and isozyme number of superoxide dismutase. Third, the partial release from the total inhibition of expression of differentiated function exhibited by teratoma is associated with an increase in both the activity and isozyme number of superoxide dismutase. Finally, the expression of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase isozymes appears to be coordinated during differentiation in a manner that is consistent with their role in an integrated mechanism for the removal of reduced oxygen species.     

樱亚科植物同工酶FUZZY聚类及最佳阈值的F检验

本研究采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,分析了樱亚科8个种共17个生物型枝皮、叶片的过氧化物同工酶（POD）,初步确定了各样品枝皮、叶片的POD同工酶酶谱特征．根据酶谱相似系数对样品进行了Fuzzy聚类分析．通过样品酶谱积值的F检验,选定了樱亚科植物分属的最佳阈值,为同工酶谱聚类效果研究提供新方法．     

Isozyme studies in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Summary A comparative study of peroxidase and esterase isozymes was carried out at five developmental stages of siliqua in order to characterize twelve genotypes of Indian mustard. The studies showed nearly the same number of isozyme bands at every stage for peroxidase and a varying number of isozyme bands for esterase. The appearance and disappearance of bands, along with their intensity scores, indicated the role of different isozymes at different stages of siliqua development. It has been ascertained that these patterns, especially the intensity scores, can be successfully used to characterize different Indian mustard genotypes.     

Changes in the isozyme composition of antioxidant enzymes in response to aminotriazole in leaves ofArabidopsis thaliana

The changes in isozyme profiles of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) during severe deactivation of total CAT activity by aminotriazole (AT) treatment were investigated in the leaves ofArabidopsis thaliana (Columbia ecotype) in relation to H₂O₂-mediated oxidative stress. In spite of striking deactivation of total CAT activity by 0.1 mM AT, there were no significant differences in H₂O₂ levels or total leaf soluble protein contents including a Rubisco in both the control and AT-treated leaves. On the other hand, one specific protein band (molecular mass, 66 kD) was observed on the SDS-gel from leaf soluble proteins whose staining intensity was strikingly enhanced by AT treatment for 6 h. However, this band disappeared at 12 h. In the native-gel assays of CAT, POD, APX and GR isozymes, AT remarkably inhibited the expression of the CAT1 isozyme with no effects on CAT2 and CAT3, and generally had no effect on POD isozyme profiles. However, AT stimulated the intensity of activities of pre-existing APX1 and GR1 isozymes. In particular, it induced a new synthesis of one GR isozyme. Therefore, these results collectively suggest that a striking deactivation of total CAT activity by AT inA. thaliana leaves largely results from the suppression of CAT1 isozyme, and that APX1, GR1, and a newly synthesized GR isozyme could complement the role of CAT1 to metabolize H₂O₂ into non-toxic water.     

The role of peroxidase isozymes in resistance to wheat stem rust disease

In common with other disease situations, rust-resistant wheat leaves show a large increase in peroxidase activity during infection. Peroxidase isozymes from healthy or infected lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) near isogenic for resistance and susceptibility to race 56 of Puccinia graminis tritici were separated by gel electrophoresis and the activity of each was estimated by photometric scanning. In order to ensure that the activity of isozymes observed on gels reflected the changes found in peroxidase enzymes assayed spectrophotometrically in extracts, a study was made of extraction procedures, substrates, and reaction conditions for both types of enzyme measurements. Of the 14 isozymes detected in both healthy and infected leaves, increases in only 1 (isozyme 9) were associated consistently with the development of resistant disease reaction at 20 C. Additional evidence was obtained to show that this isozyme can account for the increased peroxidase activity observed in extracts from resistant plants. When plants with high induced peroxidase activity due to resistance at 20 C were treated with ethylene or transferred to 25 C, they reverted to complete susceptibility. However, the disease-induced activity of isozyme 9 did not fall. The data suggest that, in this case, the association of peroxidase with resistance was a consequence of, not a determinant in, resistance.