Dermatoglyphs and gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is very common malignant disease, etiology of which is still unknown. Some studies consider that it is caused by a joint activity of both genetic and environmental factors. Digito-palmar dermatoglyphs were already used to determine hereditary base of some malignant diseases (breast, lung and colorectal cancer) and it was the reason for investigations of the correlation of their quantity features at patients with gastric cancer (36 males and 32 females) and the control groups of phenotypically healthy persons (50 males and 50 females). By performing statistical data processing of the multivariate and univariate analysis, as well as of discriminant ones, it was possible to prove the existence of heterogeneity between the investigated groups. Higher incidence of gastric cancer and the blood group A could be confirmed, as well. From the obtained findings can be concluded, that the results of quantitative analysis of digitopalmar dermatoglyphs affirm the existence of genetic predisposition for development of gastric cancer.     

Dermatoglyphics in patients with hypothyreosis

About 15% of all females and 3% of all males suffers from hypothyreosis. The thyroid disease is the most frequent cause of hypothyreosis, and among people in Croatia who are suffering from that disease 90% have been affected by its autoimmune form. The thyroid diseases are supposed to be caused by the influence of various genetic and external factors and some forms of genetic influences have not yet been studied. Analysis of digito-palmar dermatoglyphics has been used in the research of the role of genetic predisposition in many various diseases. We have analyzed correlation of qualitative and quantitative traits between the group of 50 females suffering from hypothyreosis and a control group of 100 phenotypically healthy females. Quantitative statistical analysis using t-test has indicated only few significantly different variables, while the discriminant analysis has shown 76.9% correctly classified samples. The factor analysis has shown a high percentage of total variance within patients suffering from hypothyreosis, as well as the different structure of individual factors. Qualitative analysis has shown the heterogeneity between the two examined groups. The results of the research have proved that the qualitative characteristics are more unstable than the quantitative ones and they have also shown the instability of genes taking part in hypothyreosis development implying genetic predisposition of the disease.     

The factor structure of self-reported physical stress reactions

A self-report questionnaire tapping 98 frequently reported physical stress reactions was subjected to factor analysis. The instrument was given to 1,210 subjects (593 males, 520 females, and 97 who failed to indicate their gender). The final factor solution identified 18 interpretable factors for the combined sample. Some of the more notable findings are: (a) Gastric Distress (Factor 1) is by far the most prominent factor and accounts for .491 of the total variance; (b) the factor solutions for males and females are highly similar, although Cardiorespiratory Activity (Factor 2) is defined by a greater diversity of noncardiac reactions for females than for males; and (c) six independent striated muscle tension factors can be identified for the entire sample. Results are discussed in terms of a behavioral conceptualization of psychosomatic symptoms. Clinical implications are noted.     

Quantitative dermatoglyphic asymmetry: a comparative study between schizophrenic patients and control groups of West Bengal, India

Quantitative Fluctuating (FA) and Directional asymmetry (DA) of dermatoglyphics on digito-palmar complex were analyzed in a group of 111 patients (males: 61, females: 50) with schizophrenia (SZ), and compared to an ethnically matched phenotypically healthy control (males: 60, females: 60) through MANOVA, ANOVA and canonical Discriminant analyses. With few exceptions, asymmetries are higher among patients, and this is more prominent in FA than DA. Statistically significant differences were observed between patient and control groups, especially in males. In both sexes, FA of combined dermatoglyphic traits (e.g. total finger ridge count, total palmar pattern ridge count) are found to be a strong discriminator between the two groups with a correct classification of over 83% probability.     

饮食和生活习惯与胃癌的相关性研究进展

胃癌是起源于胃粘膜上皮细胞的恶性肿瘤。近年来,虽然大部分国家胃癌发生率呈下降趋势,但我国胃癌的发病率和死亡率仍居高不下。胃癌的发生是多因素共同参与的复杂过程,如与种族、遗传、年龄、性别、幽门螺旋杆菌感染、饮食等因素相关,其中饮食及生活习惯被认为与胃癌的发生关系密切。而且早期胃癌的预后相对良好,降低发生率是防治胃癌的一项关键措施。因此,通过了解饮食及生活习惯因素与胃癌之间的关系,可以加强胃癌的一级预防,从而改善胃癌患者预后。本文就高盐、高脂饮食,蛋白质、蔬菜水果摄入以及吸烟、饮酒等因素与胃癌关系的研究进展进行综述,以期对胃癌的预防奠定一定基础。     

Helicobacter pylori antibodies and gastric cancer: a gender-related difference

Helicobacter pylori has been proposed as a causative agent of gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to define serum antibodies response against different H. pylori antigens in patients with gastric cancer. Serum samples were collected from 115 Lithuanian patients with non-cardia gastric cancer and 110 age- and sex-matched controls without cancer. Heat-stable, low-molecular-mass, and outer membrane proteins were used as antigens to analyze serum IgG antibody response against H. pylori by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seroprevalence of H. pylori using low-molecular-mass antigen was significantly higher in gastric cancer patients, compared to controls (77% versus 57%, p<0.05). Significant differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection between gastric cancer patients and controls were found in females using all three studied antigens: heat-stable (98% versus 84%, p<0.05), low-molecular-mass (88% versus 48%, p<0.05) and outer membrane proteins (78% versus 57%, p<0.05). In males, no significant differences were revealed between gastric cancer patients and controls. There may be other cofactors in addition to H. pylori that are important for the development of gastric cancer. H. pylori seems, however, to be a more important for development of gastric cancer in females than in males or males may have more confounding risk factors for gastric cancer than females.     

与胃癌相关的几个量化掌褶纹特征的初步研究

本文对几个与胃癌的发生具有相关性的掌褶纹特征量进行了提取, 并与对照组进行了对比, 用统计学t检验的方法分析后发现,胃癌患者双手手掌掌褶纹的ATD角、左右手三线与掌宽夹角及左右手a-b嵴线数(a-bRc)与正常对照组之间均存在统计学意义上的差异, 这些结论为后期构建与胃癌的发生具有相关性的皮纹特征量化指标体系提供了依据,也为临床对早期胃癌患者的筛查提供了皮纹学方面的支持。     

Psychological factors and self-reports of muscle pain

Factorial analyses of subjectively felt health complaints in a population of 400 males and 74 females revealed nine orthogonal (independent) factors. One factor (Factor 4) involved pain in the neck, pain in the back, pain in arms and shoulders, and migraine. This type of complaint did not relate to anxiety and depression. The prevalence of muscle pains varied between the sexes, and the types of occupations. Shiftwork was also important. 54% of the women and 40% of the men in the total population had some forms of muscle pain, but only 8% of the women and 3% of the men felt this to be a really serious problem. Psychological factors explained only moderate amounts of variance of muscle pain when the population was taken as a whole. However, within each type of occupation, psychological factors explained a considerable amount of the variance.     

Experimental neurosis and gastric secretion in dogs

In four dogs (2 males and 2 females from one litter) with established gastric cannula gastric secretion was studied in control experiments and in induced experimental neurosis. Gastric secretion was stimulated by insulin. We monitored in individual 15 min. portions the amount of gastric juice, total HCl output, output of acid gastric proteinases, mucoproteins and some ions. The gastric juice was dialyzed and freeze dried. 50 mg of the lyophilisate was separated on Sephadex G 100. Macromolecular substances were fractionated into glycoproteins (peak I), acid gastric proteinases (peak II) and glycopeptides and polypeptides (peak III). The ratio of these individual macromolecular substances remainded constant in the same dog in all control experiments. However, there were significant differences between individual animals. Induction of experimental neurosis (by collision of the alimentary and avoidance reflex) gave rise to changes not only in the output of HCl and gastric proteinases, but also in the ratio of macromolecular substances. In the series of observed parameters these changes were of a different nature in males and females.     

Quantitative genetic analysis of internalising and externalising problems in a large sample of 3-year-old twins.

For a quantitative genetic study of pre-school problem behaviours, we have collected data with the Child Behavior Checklist for 2 and 3-year-old children (CBCL 2/3). Questionnaires were completed by mothers of 3620 twin pairs: 633 monozygotic males, 581 dizygotic males, 695 monozygotic females, 519 dizygotic females and 1192 dizygotic opposite sex twin pairs. The genetic and environmental influences on the Externalising and Internalising Problem scales were estimated, simultaneously with sex differences and sibling interaction effects. Genetic factors explained most of the observed variance for both Externalising and Internalising Problems. Cooperative sibling interactions were found for Externalising Problems, indicating that twins reinforce each other's behaviour. Sex differences in genetic architecture were found for Externalising Problems. Genetic factors explained 75% of the variance in girls and 50% in boys. Shared environmental influences were only of importance in boys. For both problem scales, non-shared environmental factors accounted for 25 to 32% of the variance. The observed variances of Internalising Problems could be adequately explained by genetic and nonshared environmental factors, with genetic factors accounting for 68% of the variance.     

The disturbances of the zinc concentration in the blood in selected neoplasms

A study was carried out on 92 patients (58 males and 34 females) aged 42–76 treated for malignant neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract (54 patients with colorectal carcinoma, 38 with gastric carcinoma). In all patients, the zinc serum concentration was measured and the results obtained were referred to some epidemiological-clinical factors (sex, age, primary cause of cancer, the stage of clinical progression, and histological type). The results showed that the most pronounced hypozincemia occurred in male patients with mucous membrane carcinoma of the stomach.     

Current therapeutic options for gastric adenocarcinoma

Gastric cancer inflicts significant health issues globally despite its declining incidence. The disease is known to be diagnosed at its advanced stages also corresponding with a poor prognosis for patients. The integral therapeutic choices to cure advanced gastric cancer have progressed swiftly in modern days. The preface of molecularly targeted therapeutic techniques would potentiate the personalized approach depending on patient-specific and tumor-specific features, exasperating the advantages of chemotherapy. Here we have reviewed the modern therapeutics such as immune therapy, chemotherapy, m-RNA based therapeutics, alongside evaluating the influence of age, sex and comorbidities-like factors on the occurrence of gastric cancer. Gastric cancer therapy consolidated target agents comprising inhibitors of programmed death-1(PD-1), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), mRNA, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EPGF). A combination of trastuzumab to platinum-mediated chemotherapy evolved has a typical front-line therapy in advanced gastric cancer. An attempt has been made to epitomize the contemporary-modern research on targeted therapy for advanced gastric cancer.     

Sexual dimorphism in the Chuvashian population of Russia in two types of dermatoglyphic traits: principal component analysis

With the aim of determining sexual dimorphism in the component structures among the Chuvashian population of Russia, finger and palmar dermatoglyphics of 547 individuals (293 males, 254 females) were analyzed. The sex differences in two categories of dermatoglyphic traits (22 quantitative traits and 38 asymmetry and diversity traits) are reflected differently and contradictory with other ethnic groups. However, a common feature of the factor 1 "digital pattern size factor" (finger ridge counts from the first category of traits) indicate its degree of universality when compared with other populations, which suggests that the variability of finger ridge counts is determined by the same genes that control the pattern types. The factors "intra-individual finger diversity factor", and "bi-lateral asymmetry factor" extracted from the second category of dermatoglyphic traits are also similar in both sexes. However, these components are hardly described in the literature. The nature of variation of these components (from two categories of dermatoglyphic traits) appears with a good similarity between sexes, which suggests their common biological validity of the underlying component structures of the finger and palmar dermatoglyphic characters.     

VEGF, MVD 在胃癌预后及上消化道出血风险的研究进展

胃癌是危害人类健康的常见恶性肿瘤,也是上消化道出血常见的病因之一。其发生发展是多因素、多基因改变参与的长期、协同的病理过程。血管生成(angiogenesis)是这一发展过程中的关键步骤,血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)和微血管密度(micro vessel density,MVD)作为调控血管生成的主要因子和微血管的主要评价指标,在胃癌患者预后、临床病理因素中的作用被广泛研究。上消化道出血(upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage)是胃癌患者的常见临床症状威胁和影响患者的生存质量。新近有研究者提出,VEGF及MVD与胃癌患者的上消化道出血风险正相关,本文就相关研究进展进行介绍。     

Reticulon 2 promotes gastric cancer metastasis via activating endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ efflux-mediated ERK signalling

Gastric cancer ranks fourth for mortality globally among various malignant tumours, and invasion and metastasis are the major reason leading to its poor prognosis. Recently, accumulating studies revealed the role of reticulon proteins in cell growth and transmigration. However, the expression and biological function of reticulon proteins in human gastric cancer remain largely unclear. Herein, we explored the potential role of reticulon 2 (RTN2) in the progression of gastric cancer. Tissue microarray was used to determine the expression levels of RTN2 in 267 gastric cancer patients by immunohistochemistry. Gastric cancer cell lines were utilised to examine the influences of RTN2 on cellular migration and invasion abilities, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and signalling pathway. In vivo studies were also performed to detect the effect of RTN2 on tumour metastasis. We found that RTN2 expression was notably upregulated in tumour tissues compared to pericarcinomatous tissues. High RTN2 expression was positively correlated with patients’ age, vessel invasion, tumour invasion depth, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. Besides, high RTN2 staining intensity was associated with adverse survival which was further identified as an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer patients by multivariate analysis. And the predictive accuracy was also improved when incorporated RTN2 into the TNM-staging system. RTN2 could promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, RTN2 interacted with IP3R, and activated ERK signalling pathway via facilitating Ca²⁺ release from the endoplasmic reticulum, and subsequently drove EMT in gastric cancer cells. These results proposed RTN2 as a novel promotor and potential molecular target for gastric cancer therapies.Subject terms: Gastric cancer, Calcium signalling     

胃癌患者术后并发症的危险因素分析

目的:探讨胃癌术后并发症的危险因素及其防治措施.方法:调查117例胃癌患者手术治疗前后的临床资料,并对术后发生并发症可能的危险因素进行评估、分析.结果:胃癌术后并发症包括切口感染、肺部感染或胸腔积液、腹腔感染、肠梗阻、吻合口瘘,发生率为35.04％(41/117),手术方式、手术时间、胃管留置时间、术后生活习惯与手术后并发症相关(P＜0.05).结论:胃癌术后并发症由多种原因综合引起,除患者素质和病变因素外,6个危险因素依次为:行全胃切除、D2清扫、手术时间＞4h、术中出血量≥800mL、胃管留置时间＞3d、长期吸烟,应重视其围手术期处理.     

Bivariate and multivariate analysis of the skin ridge pattern intensities

Bivariate correlations and multivariate (factor) analysis of pattern intensities on individual fingers and all specified areas of palms and soles were performed in a large sample of 834 individuals from two rural districts of Poland, and in a sample of 383 school children from the city of Warsaw, with males and females considered separately. Eleven factors were extracted in all samples, including two for finger pattern intensities, and the remaining nine for palmar or sole individual areas, or some of their combinations. Patterns of intercorrelation between variables and the factor structure matrices were essentially similar in all subsamples, but several factors differed in the amount of variance they contributed to individual variables, or the factors occupied somewhat different positions when ranked in respect of the contribution to the total variance. Orthogonal and oblique rotation were applied to the data, but only the results of the latter were tabulated and fully discussed. In contrast with finger patterns, separate and independent factors have mainly been extracted for individual pattern intensities on palms or soles. Nevertheless the obtained factor solution on the whole is not incompatible with the concept of developmental induction fields. It is postulated that the factor structure may be susceptible to natural selection acting through functional preferences in man, and that epistatic interaction may account for some common factors.     

Wnt/beta-catenin 信号通路相关蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达和 肿瘤转移的关系

目的：探讨了Wnt信号通路相关蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达及与肿瘤转移的关系。方法：选取2011 年6 月到2012 年6 月我 院胃癌术后47 例肿瘤标本作为研究对象,并选取同一患者的正常胃组织作为对照研究。采用实时荧光定量PCR 和Western blot 对胃癌组织和正常胃组织Wnt 信号通路相关蛋白进行分析,并分析了肿瘤转移和非转移患者Wnt信号通路相关蛋白的变化。结 果：与正常胃组织比较,胃癌组织中Wnt1、Wnt3、Wnt3a、beta-catenin、CyclinD1 和c-Myc 等分子的mRNA 水平明显上调,差异有显 著统计学意义（P<0.05）。胃癌组织中总beta-catenin 和核内beta-catenin蛋白较正常胃组织明显增加,而磷酸化beta-catenin 较正常组明显 下降、差异有显著统计学意义（P<0.05）。与非转移组比较,转移组患者胃癌组织中Wnt1、Wnt3、Wnt3a 等分子mRNA水平显著上 调,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：Wnt信号通路异常激活在胃癌发生和癌细胞转移中发挥着重要的作用,为临床治疗提供了 一定靶点。     

Survivin、Dnmt 和CD44 在胃溃疡及胃癌中表达的差异

胃溃疡(Gastric Ulcer GU)和胃癌(Gastrio Cancer Gc)均是我国乃至全世界人群中的常见病、多发病。近年来,虽然胃溃疡的发病率开始呈下降趋势,但仍属消化系统疾病中最常见的疾病之一,目前已被认为是癌前病变之一。据统计,5%左右的胃溃疡可发生癌变,甚至有统计最高达29.4%的胃癌来自胃溃疡[1]。在世界范围内恶性肿瘤中,胃癌位居第4,病死率位居第2,在我国则居第1位。胃癌发生的分子机制研究表明多基因变异是细胞发生癌变的内因[2]。各种癌基因、抑癌基因和错配修复基因、细胞信号传导通路的异常、细胞周期调控改变及相关产物均对胃癌的发生发展产生影响。如Survivin、DNA甲基化和CD44等均是近年来在胃癌组织中发现的并成为研究热点的基因。通过对Survivin、Dnmt和CD44三种基因在胃溃疡及胃癌中表达的差异的了解,有助于加深对胃癌发生、发展及转移机制的认识,更好的为临床应用中胃溃疡及胃癌的治疗提供理论依据和找到更好的治疗方法。