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1.
Summary ThePhysarum plasmodium shows rhythmic contractile activities with a period of a few min. Phases of the oscillation in the plasmodium migrating unindirectionally agreed sideways throughout at the frontal part. So, time course of an intracellular chemical component was determined by analyzing small pieces cut off successively from the frontal part of the large plasmodium. Intracellular NAD(P)H concentration oscillated with the same period as the rhythmic contraction but with a different phase advancing about 1/3 of the period. UV irradiation suppressed the rhythmic contraction without affecting the rhythmic variation of NAD(P)H. Thus, the NAD(P)H oscillator works independently of the rhythmic contractile system, but seems entraining with each other.Abbreviations UV
ultraviolet
- NADH
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form
- NADPH
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form
- ATP
adenosine 5-triphosphate
- cAMP
cyclic adenosine 3, 5-monophosphate
- FMNH2
flavin mononucleotide, reduced form
- TCA
tricarboxylic acid
- BSA
bovine serum albumin
- DTT
dithiothreitol 相似文献
2.
Nitrate reductase (NR) (EC 1.6.6.2) from Chlorella variegata 211/10d has been purified by blue sepharose affinity chromatography. The enzyme can utilise NADH or NADPH for nitrate reduction with apparent K
m values of 11.5 M and 14.5 M, respectively. Apparent K
m values for nitrate are 0.13 mM (NADH-NR) and 0.14 mM (NADPH-NR). The diaphorase activity of the enzyme is inhibited strongly by parachloromercuribenzoic acid; NADH or NADPH protects the enzyme against this inhibition. NR proper activity of the enzyme is partially inactive after extraction and may be activated after the addition of ferricyanide. The addition of NAD(P)H and cyanide causes a reversible inactivation of the NR proper activity although preincubation with either NADH or NADH and ADP has no significant effect.Abbreviations NR
Nitrate reductase
- FAD
Flavin-adenine dinucleotide
- FMN
Riboflavin 5-phosphate
- p-CMB
para-Chloromercuribenzoic
- BV
Benzyl viologen 相似文献
3.
Summary Glutathione was continuously produced by an immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae IFO 2044 cell column. The production of glutathione was strongly influenced by the level of activity of the glycolytic pathway. This activity was maintained constant by the addition of NAD.Abbreviations ADP
adenosine-5-diphosphate
- ATP
adenosine-5-triphosphate
- NAD
nicothinamide adenine dinucleotide 相似文献
4.
K. Sjövall 《Histochemistry and cell biology》1967,10(4):336-340
Summary A tetrazolium technique is presented that permits the study of ATP: Creatine phosphotransferase, or creatine kinase, in fixed skeletal muscle tissue sections, within the limits imposed by the properties of the chosen ditetrazole, nitro blue tatrazolium. There is a variation in creatine kinase activity between the muscle fibres. Those with high creatine kinase activity also have high succinate dehydrogenase activity.List of Abbreviations ADP
Adenosine-5-diphosphate
- ATP
adenosine-5-triphosphate
- CK
creatine kinase
- G-6-P
glucose-6-phosphate
- G-6-P-DH
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HK
hexokinase
- NADP
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NBT
nitro blue tetrazolium
- PMS
phenazine methosulphate
- SDH
succinate dehydrogenase 相似文献
5.
Summary The ability of two bacterial toxins to modify a plant actin by covalent ADP-ribosylation was tested in the green algaChara corallina. Using [32P]NAD, bothClostridium botulinum C2 toxin andClostridium perfringens iota toxin labelled a protein of Mr 42 kDa which comigrated with actin and was immunoprecipitated by a monoclonal anti-actin antibody. ADP-ribosylation ofChara actin was more efficient with iota toxin than with C2 toxin. The actin bundles in perfusedChara cells were not affected by toxin-containing media competent for ADP-ribosylation. The data indicate that monomeric plant actin is substrate for ADP-ribosylation by the bacterial toxins.Abbreviations ADP
adenosine-diphosphate
- EGTA
ethyleneglycol-bis-(-aminoethyl)N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid
- NAD
nicotinamide dinucleotide
- pCA -log
[Ca2+]
- PIPES
piperazine-N,N-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid)
Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Eberhard Schnepf on the occasion of his retirement 相似文献
6.
Summary In this article we review recent work on the physiology of proline and 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) in living organisms and consider recent progress in our understanding of the role of P5C synthetase in collagen metabolism and the regulation of urea cycle in vertebrates. Much of this recent progress has been made possible by advances in our knowledge of the enzymes and genes involved in proline biosynthesis in man. The availability of well characterized P5C synthetase deficiency in man has been an impetus for the cloning of the cDNA encoding for this enzyme from man and facilitated the establishment of the phenotype-genotype relationships in P5C synthetase deficiency in higher vertebrates.Abbreviations GK
-glutamyl kinase
- GPR
-glutamyl phosphate reductase
- P5CR
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase
- GSA
glutamic--semialdehyde
- P5C
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate
- P1
Inorganic phosphate
- AMP, ADP, ATP
Adenosine 5-mono-, di-, triphosphate
- NAD+, NADH
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and its reduced form
- NADP+, NADPH
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and its reduced form; DEAF: diethylaminoethyle
- OAT
ornithine amino transferase; CHO: Chinese hamster ovary
- IGF-1
insulin-like growth factor-1
- P5CDH
pyrroline 5carboxylate dehydrogenase
- IMP
inosine 5-monophosphate 相似文献
7.
Cytoplasmic membranes were isolated from wild type and mutants strain M-1 of Paracoccus denitrificans grown with low aeration to promote synthesis of nitrate reductase protein and cytochrome b. The presence of 10-100-fold excess of nitrate reductase in the wild type or the corresponding enzymically inactive protein in the mutant did not significantly affect respiratory oxidase activities with NADH, succinate or TMPD-ascorbate as electron donor. A cytochrome b-nitrate reductase complex was resolved by isoelectric focussing of Triton X-100 solubilized membranes from the wild type grown with azide and from the mutant, whereas the enzyme complex from nitrate-grown wild type was not resolved from cytochrome c. Preparations from azideinduced wild type or from the mutant could be a suitable source of the cytochrome b associated with nitrate reductase for more detailed studies.Non standard abbreviations IEF
isoelectric focussing
- TMPD
N, N, N, N-tetramethylphenylenediamine
- SDS-PAGE
Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 相似文献
8.
Membrane preparations, capable of high rates of respiration-linked ATP synthesis, have been obtained from a gram-positive methylotrophic bacterium Bacillus sp. MGA3. NADH, succinate, reduced TMPD and methanol were shown to be suitable substrates for the oxidative phosphorylation. Esterification of orthophosphate was dependent on electron transfer, as evidenced by the requirement for both substrate and oxygen. Phosphorylation was also dependent on ADP and was destroyed by boiling the membrane preparation. The phosphorylation was markedly uncoupled by carbonyl cyanide p-(trichloromethoxy)-phenylhydrazone (CCCP) and was inhibited by N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). KCN caused strong inhibition of substrate oxidation as well as phosphorylation for all substrates tested. Rotenone, amytal and antimycin A caused inhibition when NADH or methanol were used as substrates. Antimycin A inhibited respiration and ATP synthesis with succinate as substrate and had no effect on ascorbate —N,N,N,N-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediimide (TMPD) oxidation by membrane preparations of Bacillus sp. MGA3. P/O ratios determined were 2.4 with NADH, 1.7 with succinate and 0.8 with reduced TMPD. The measured P/O ratio with methanol-oxidizing system was similar to that with NADH (about 2.4).Abbreviations CCCP
Carbonyl cyanide p-(trichloromethoxy)-phenylhydrazone
- DCCD
N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- TMPD
N,N,N,N-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediimide
- Q
ubiquinone Q 相似文献
9.
The thermodynamics of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reduction to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was studied with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase purified from the homoacetogenic bacterium Peptostreptococcus productus. The equilibrium constants were determined for the forward and backward reactions of methylenetetrahydrofolate reduction with NADH or acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide (APADH), respectively, as the electron donors. From the equilibrium constants and the known standard redox potentials at pH 7 (E
o
) of the couples NAD+/NADH or APAD+/APADH the E
o
of the couple methylene-/methyltetrahydrofolate was determined to be about-200mV. This value is different from values reported before for this couple. The implications for the mechanism of energy conservation of homoacetogens is discussed.Abbreviations FH4
tetrahydrofolate
- CH2=FH4
5,10-methylenetrahydrofolate
- CH3-FH4
5-methyltetrahydrofolate
-
K
eq
equilibrium constant
-
G
o
Gibb's free energy change under standard conditions (all concentrations of reactants = 1 M)
-
G
o
G
o at pH 7 ([H+]=10-7 M)
-
E
o
standard redox potential
-
G
o
standard redox potential difference of two reactants
-
E
o
E
o at pH 7
-
R
gas constant
-
F
Faraday constant
- APAD
acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide (NAD+-analogue) 相似文献
10.
In Wolinella succinogenes ATP synthesis and consequently bacterial growth can be driven by the reduction of either nitrate (E0=+0.42 V), nitrite (E0=+0.36 V), fumarate (E0=+0.03 V) or sulphur (E0=-0.27 V) with formate as the electron donor. Bacteria growing in the presence of nitrate and fumarate were found to reduce both acceptors simultaneously, while the reduction of both nitrate and fumarate is blocked during growth with sulphur. These observations were paralleled by the presence and absence of the corresponding bacterial reductase activities. Using a specific antiserum, fumarate reductase was shown to be present in bacteria grown with fumarate and nitrate, and to be nearly absent from bacteria grown in the presence of sulphur. The contents of polysulphide reductase, too, corresponded to the enzyme activities found in the bacteria. This suggests that the activities of anaerobic respiration are regulated at the biosynthetic level in W. succinogenes. Thus nitrate and fumarate reduction are repressed by the most electronegative acceptor of anacrobic respiration, sulphur. By contrast, in Escherichia coli a similar effect is exerted by the most electropositive acceptor, O2. W. succinogenes also differs from E. coli in that fumarate reductase is not repressed by nitrate.Abbreviations BV
benzyl viologen
- DMN
2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone
- DMSO
dimethylsulfoxide
- TMAO
trimethylamine-N-oxide 相似文献
11.
2D NMR spectroscopy and J coupling constant analysis are applied to resolve the structure of two photoproducts of thymidylyl-(35)-thymidine. These products are cyclobutane type thymine dimers possessing the cis-syn (the predominant one) and trans-syn geometry. The cis-syn is formed in an ANTI-ANTI conformation about the N-glycosyl linkages and resembles the normal base-stacked configuration. The glycosidic conformation in solution of the 5 terminal fragment differs from the crystal in which the less common SYN conformation is observed. In this isomer only the sugar pucker of the 3 terminal fragment is changed substantially with respect to the dinucleotide. The trans-syn isomer is formed in a SYN-ANTI glycosidic conformation. In this isomer the sugar puckers of both deoxyribose rings are affected and a preference for a pure 2-endo conformation is observed.Abbreviations dTpdT
2-deoxythymidylyl-(35)-2-deoxythymidine
- dTp[]dT
cyclobutane type photodimers of dTpdT
- dTp- and dTp[]-
their 5' terminal fragments (fragment A)
- -pdT and-[]pdT
their 3 terminal fragments (fragment B)
- RP-HPLC
reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
- COSY
two-dimensional correlated spectroscopy
- 2D NOE
two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser spectroscopy 相似文献
12.
The filamentous cyanophyteNostoc muscorum A grew aseriately in light in a mineral salts (sugar-free) culture medium supplemented with adenosine 3:5-cyclic-monophosphate or N6, O2-dibutyryl adenosine 3:5-cyclic-monophosphate (1 mM). The aseriate morphology thus formed in the light on the 10th day following inoculation was similar to that formed in the dark after 20–30 days growth in cAMP-free medium containing glucose or sucrose. Inoculum previously grown in sucrose- or glucose-containing medium displayed aseriate morphology with lesser proliferation of coccoid cells as compared to inoculum grown in the absence of glucose or sucrose. cGMP, ADP, AMP and inhibitors of phosphodiesterase (theophylline and caffeine) did not have any effect on the persistence of aseriate morphology. However they stimulated cell division at the aseriate stage and delayed the release of hormogonia.Abbreviations cAMP
adenosine 3:5-cyclic-monophosphate
- db cAMP
N6, O2-dibutyryl adenosine 3:5-cyclic-monophosphate
- cGMP
guanosine 3:5-cyclic-monophosphate
- ATP
adenosine 5-triphosphate
- ADP
adenosine5-diphosphate
- AMP
adenosine 5-monophosphate 相似文献
13.
Summary To get more insight in the function of 5-nucleotidase catabolic and anabholic processes were investigated in which 5-nucleotides are involved. The catabolism of adenosine-5-monophosphate was studied by investigating the reaction products obtained after incubation of homogenates of several organs of rat and mouse with adenosine-5-monophosphate and with adenosine. Two experimental tumours of the mouse were investigated in the same way. It was found that in tissues containing a high activity of 5-nucleotidase other enzymes involved in the catabolism of 5-nucleotides, such as nucleosidase, adenosine deaminase and adenosine-5-monophosphate deaminase could also be demonstrated.The anabolic processes in which 5-nucleotides are involved had been studied by investigating the incorporation of tritium-labeled thymidine in several tissues of the mouse. It appeared that in cells showing a high 5-nucleotidase activity no incorporation of radioactive thymidine could be found, while in cells showing incorporation of thymidine enzyme activity could not be demonstrated.A discussion is given about the possible role of 5-nucleotidase in the control of nucleic acid biosynthesis and in the catabolism of nucleic acids.Abbreviations used DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
- RNA
ribonucleic acid
- AMP
Adenosine-5-monophosphate
- ADP
Adenosine-5-diphosphate
- ATP
Adenosine-5-triphosphate
- IMP
Inosine-5-monophosphate
- GMP
Guanosine-5-monophosphate
- GDP
Guanosine-5-diphosphate
- GTP
guanosine-5-triphosphate
- CMP
Cytidine-5-monophosphate
- CDP
Cytidine-5-diphosphate
- CTP
Cytidine-5-triphosphate
- UMP
Uridine-5-monophosphate
- UDP
Uridine-5-diphosphate
- UTP
Uridine-5-triphosphate
- TMP
Thymidine-5-monophosphate
- TDP
Thymidine-5-diphosphate
- TTP
Thymidine-5-triphosphate
- Ado
Adenosine
- Ad
Adenine
- Ino
Inosine
- Hypox
Hypoxanthine
- Xanth
Xanthine
- Xantho
Xanthosine
- Guano
Guanosine
- Gua
Guanine
- Ura
Uracil
- U
Uridine
- Cyt
Cytidine
- Cyto
Cytosine
- Thym
Thymidine
The corresponding deoxy-compounds have been indicated with the prefix d for instance dCMP, deoxycytidine-5-monophosphate. 相似文献
14.
Günter A. Peschek 《Archives of microbiology》1980,125(1-2):123-131
Respiratory particles from hydrogen-grown Anacystis nidulans were found to oxidize H2, NADPH, NADH, succinate and ascorbate plus N,N,N,N-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine at rates corresponding to 28, 15, 6, 2.5, and 70 nmol O2 taken up x mg protein–1xmin–1, respectively. The particles were isolated by brief sonication of lysozyme-pretreated cells. Respiratory activities were studied in terms of both substrate oxidation and O2 uptake. The stoichiometry between oxidation of H2, NADPH, NADH or succinate, and consumption of O2 was calculated to be 1.95+-0.1 with each substrate.Inhibitors of flavoproteins did not affect the oxyhydrogen reaction while 2-n-heptyl-8-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide as well as compounds known to block the terminal oxidase impaired the oxidation of both H2 and of NAD(P)H or succinate in a parallel fashion. No additivity of O2 uptake was observed when NADPH, NADH or succinate was present in addition to H2. Instead, H2 uptake was depressed under such conditions, and also the oxidation of NAD(P)H or succinate was increasingly lowered by increasing H2 tensions.The results suggest that in Anacystis molecular hydrogen is oxidized through the same type of respiratory chain as are NAD(P)H and succinate. Moreover, the cyanide-resistant branch of respiratory O2 uptake will be discussed, and a few results obtained with particles prepared from thylakoid-free Anacystis will also be presented.Abbreviations BAL
2,3-dimercaptopropanol-(1)
- DCPIP
2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
- HOQNO
2-n-heptyl-8-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide
- TMPD
N,N,N,N-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine
- tricine
N-tris-(hydroxymethyl)-methylglycine
- Tris
tris-(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane
- TTFA
thenoyltrifluoroacetone
NAD(P)H indicates NADPH and/or NADH 相似文献
15.
The role of purine and pyrimidine ribosides, nucleotides and substituted xanthines in the differentiation of chloronema filaments in suspension cultures of protonema of the moss Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. has been examined. Cyclic adenosine-3,5-monophosphate (cAMP) and mono-and dibutyryl cAMP evoked the maximum response in wild-type protonema. ADP and ATP also enhanced chloronema differentiation but were less active than cAMP; pyrimidine derivatives were completely inactive. Inhibitors of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase aminophylline, theophylline and ICI 58, 301 (3-acetamido-6-methyl-8-n-propyl-s-triazolo-(4,3a)-pyrazine)-mimicked the effect of cAMP. A leaky, chloronema-repressed mutant was isolated and in this mutant cAMP was much more active than cyclic guanosine monophosphate and ADP in enhancing chloronema differentiation. These results strongly indicate that cAMP is involved in chloronema differentiation in Funaria, and a hypothesis on growth regulation in protonema cell cultures is proposed.Abbreviations cAMP, cyclic AMP
cyclic adenosine-3, 5-monophosphate
- cCMP, cGMP, cIMP
cyclic cytosine-, guanosine-and inosine-3, 5-monophosphates, respectively
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- ICI 58,301
3-acetamido-6-methyl-8-n-propyl-s-triazolo-(4,3a)-pyrazine 相似文献
16.
Claudia P. Spampinato Piotr Paneth Marion H. O'Leary Carlos S. Andreo 《Photosynthesis research》1991,28(2):69-76
Structural analogues of the NADP+ were studied as potential coenzymes and inhibitors for NADP+ dependent malic enzyme from Zea mays L. leaves. Results showed that 1, N6-etheno-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate ( NADP+), 3-acetylpyridine-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (APADP+), nicotinamide-hypoxanthine dinucleotide phosphate (NHDP+) and -nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2: 3-cyclic monophosphate (23NADPc+) act as alternate coenzymes for the enzyme and that there is little variation in the values of the Michaelis constants and only a threefold variation in Vmax for the five nucleotides. On the other hand, thionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (SNADP+), 3-aminopyridine-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (AADP+), adenosine 2-monophosphate (2AMP) and adenosine 2: 3-cyclic monophosphate (23AMPc) were competitive inhibitors with respect to NADP+, while -nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 3-phosphate (3NADP+), NAD+, adenosine 3-monophosphate (3AMP), adenosine 2: 5-cyclic monophosphate (25AMPc), 5AMP, 5ADP, 5ATP and adenosine act as non-competitive inhibitors. These results, together with results of semiempirical self-consistent field-molecular orbitals calculations, suggest that the 2-phosphate group is crucial for the nucleotide binding to the enzyme, whereas the charge density on the C4 atom of the pyridine ring is the major factor that governs the coenzyme activity.Abbreviations NADP+
1, N6-etheno-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NHDP+
nicotinamide-hypoxanthine dinucleotide phosphate
- APADP+
3-acetylpyridine-adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- SNADP+
thionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- AADP+
3-aminopyridine-adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- 23NADPc+
-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2: 3-cyclic monophosphate
- 3NADP+
-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 3-phosphate
- 2AMP
adenosine 2-monophosphate
- 3AMP
adenosine 3-monophosphate
- 23AMPc
adenosine 2: 3 monophosphate cyclic
- A
adenosine
- RuBP
ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate
- SCF-MO
Self-Consistent Field-Molecular Orbitals (method) 相似文献
17.
S. Lüthje P. Van Gestelen M. C. Córdoba-Pedregosa J. A. González-Reyes H. Asard J. M. Villalba M. Böttger 《Protoplasma》1998,205(1-4):43-51
Summary The occurrence of a vitamin-K-like substance (naphthoquinone group) and flavins (flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide) is demonstrated in plasma membranes isolated from maize (Zea mays L.) roots, on the basis of high-pressure liquid chromotography and spectral analysis. At least three NAD(P)H dehydrogenases could be purified to homogeneity from this plant material. Two of these proteins (25 and 30 kDa) reduce hexacyanoferrate III and quinones, while the third (41 kDa) reduces oxalacetic acid but not hexacyanoferrate III in the presence of NADH. Low-temperature spectra demonstrate the occurrence of a b-type cytochrome in plasma membranes isolated from maize roots. The latter compound could be reduced by ascorbic acid (E0 > +80 mV) and shows an -band maximum at 559 nm (at –196 °C). NADH-dependent cytochromeb reduction could be observed only in the presence of detergent and increased after preincubation with vitamin K3 (menadione). On the basis of the presented data a possible function of naphthoquinones in plasma membrane electron transfer is discussed.Abbreviations Brij 58
polyoxyethylene 20 cetyl ether
- Coenzyme
Q10 ubiquinone-50
- duroquinone
tetramethyl-p-benzoquinone
- E0
standard redox potential
- Na2EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt
- HEPES
N-[2-hydroxyethyl]piperazine-N[2-ethane-sulfonic acid]
- juglone
5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
- PMSF
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
- vitamin
K1 2-methyl-3-phyty 1-1,4-naphthoquinone
- vitamin K3
2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone 相似文献
18.
Crude extracts or supernatants of broken cells of Clostridium formicoaceticum reduce unbranched, branched, saturated and unsaturated carboxylates at the expense of carbon monoxide to the corresponding alcohols. The presence of viologens with redox potentials varying from E
0=-295 to-650 mV decreased the rate of propionate reduction. The more the propionate reduction was diminished the more formate was formed from carbon monoxide. The lowest propionate reduction and highest formate formation was observed with methylviologen. The carbon-carbon double bond of E-2-methyl-butenoate was only hydrogenated when a viologen was present. Formate as electron donor led only in the presence of viologens to the formation of propanol from propionate. The reduction of propionate at the expense of a reduced viologen can be followed in cuvettes. With respect to propionate Michaelis Menten behavior was observed. Experiments are described which lead to the assumption that the carboxylates are reduced in a non-activated form. That would be new type of biological reduction.Non-standard abbreviations glc
Gas liquid chromatography
- HPLC
high performance liquid chromatography
- RP
reverse phase; Mediators (the figures in parenthesis of the mediators are redox potentials E
0 in mV)
- CAV2+
carbamoylmethylviologen, 1,1-carbamoyl-4,4-dipyridinium dication (E
0=-296 mV)
- BV2+
benzylviologen, 1,1-dibenzyl-4,4-dipyridinium dication (E
0=-360 mV)
- MV
methylviologen, 1,1-dimethyl-4,4-dipyridinium-dication (E
0=-444 mV)
- DMDQ2+
dimethyldiquat, 4,4-dimethyl-2,2-dipyridino-1,1-ethylendication (E
0=-514 mV)
- TMV2+
tetramethylviologen, 1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-4,4-dipyridinium dication (E
0=-550 mV)
- PDQ2+
propyldiquat, 2,2-dipyridino-1,1-propenyl dication (E
0=-550 mV)
- DMPDQ2+
dimethylpropyldiquat, 4,4-dimethyl-2,2-dipyridino-1,1-propenyl dication (E
0=-656 mV)
- PN
productivity number=mmol product (obtained by the uptake of one pair of electrons) x (biocatalyst (dry weight) kg)-1×h-1 相似文献
19.
Summary Organic pyrophosphates such as UppA and NAD are formed when a solution containing a nucleotide, a nucleoside 5-polyphosphate, Mg2+ and imidazole are allowed to dry out. We suggest that this synthesis may have occured concurrently with oligonucleotide formation.Abbreviations Im
Imidazole
- CDI
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride
- EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- A
adenosine
- U
uridine
- pnA
adenosine 5-poly-phosphate containing n phosphate residues
- pU
uridine 5-phosphate
- AppA
P1,P2-diadenosine 5-pyrophosphate
- UppA
P1-(uridine 5)-P2-(adenosine 5)-pyrophosphate
- ImpA
adenosine 5-phosphorimidazolide
- NMN
nicotinamide mononucleotide
- NAD
nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide 相似文献
20.
Graham J. P. Riley 《Planta》1981,151(1):68-74
Poor emergence of maize seedlings, due to high soil temperatures, is a major limitation of crop potential in the lowland tropics. Ability to germinate at high temperature (>c. 37° C) is related to the temperature sensitivity of the embryo, and there is considerable genotypic variation for this character.Respiration and mitochondrial phosphorylation proceed normally in seeds imbibing at 41° C, and ATP levels are adequate for germination. However, the specific activities of several important enzymes are lower, and the rate of protein synthesis is severely reduced compared with seeds imbibing at 28° C. The depression of the rate of protein synthesis in the embryos of several tropical hybrids imbibing at high temperature correlated with their known temperature sensitivity. It is concluded that protein synthesis is an especially temperature sensitive process in germinating maize embryos, and that this is the principal reason for the sensitivity of germinating maize seeds to high temperature.Abbreviations ADP
adenosine-5-diphosphate
- ATP
adenosine-5-triphosphate
- BSA
bovine serum albumin
- EDTA
ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid
- HEPES
N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazinc-N-2-ethanesulphonic acid
- NADH
nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide, reduced form
- PPO
2, 5-diphenyloxazole
- PVP
polyvinylpyrrolidone
- SEM
standard error of the mean
- tris
tris (hydroxymethyl)-methylamine 相似文献