普生轮藻浸提液对两种淡水藻类的化感抑制作用及其数学模型

利用大型水生植物的化感作用抑制水华藻类是水域生态学研究的热点课题之一。探讨了不同浓度普生轮藻浸提液对产毒铜绿微囊藻和斜生栅藻(单纯以及混合藻类)的抑制作用,并根据实验过程中得到的数据和数据特征,在传统的Logistic模型和Lotka-Volterra模型基础上,通过微元法建立了普生轮藻浸提液对单纯产毒铜绿微囊藻、单纯斜生栅藻抑制的数学模型以及两藻混合时抑制的数学模型。结果表明,(1)普生轮藻浸提液无论对单独的毒性铜绿微囊藻或斜生栅藻还是共生状态的毒性铜绿微囊藻和斜生栅藻均有很强抑制作用,且对毒性铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用要显著高于对斜生栅藻;(2)所建立的抑藻模型可有效表征和预测在一定范围内的产毒铜绿微囊藻、斜生栅藻及其混合藻在普生轮藻浸提液胁迫下藻密度随时间变化的规律;通过这些模型可方便地计算出实验期间任何时间节点上普生轮藻浸提液的半抑制浓度(EC50)、最小有效浓度(MIC)等指标的预测值、混合藻在小生境中相对稳定时的预测值等等。该研究可为实际抑藻的方案制定和实施提供有价值的数据支撑和参考,具有一定的理论与应用意义。     

固相合成hTGF-α类似物及其结构—活性关系初探

本文用手动逐步法,以Boc-Ala-OCH_2-Pam树脂为载体,Boc保护的α-氨基酸为原料合成了十一个hTGF-α(人体转化生长因子-α)类似物。经过HF裂解、透析、二硫键配对合环及HPLC纯化,得到平均收率为2.9％的纯品,其氨基酸组成分析及质谱数据均符合要求。在构效关系研究中,将合成的hTGF-α类似物进行与A431细胞膜上的EGF受体竞争性结合的试验。以半抑制浓度(IC-50)为指标,发现Tyr~(38)及Arg~(42)二个残基对hTGF-α竞争性与EGF受体结合的活性具有突出的作用。     

猪肺表面活性物质对海水淹溺性肺损伤大鼠治疗的量效关系

目的:探讨猪肺表面活性物质(PPS)对海水淹溺肺损伤大鼠的治疗效果及量-效关系.方法:24只SD大鼠气管内注入海水观察120min,建立海水淹溺肺损伤模型后,随机等分为4个治疗组(n=6):生理盐水对照组,100mg/kgPPS组,150mg/kgPPS组和200mg/kgPPS组.分别监测4组大鼠给药后30min、60min、120min的BR和Pa02,120min后放血处死,计算大鼠存活率及支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中TNF-α浓度和TP含量,取肺观察肺组织形态学改变.结果:各剂量PPS治疗组与对照组比较在治疗后各时间点的BR、TNF-α浓度和TP含量均有不同程度下降(P＜0.05),Pa02及存活率上升(P＜0.05),肺脏的病理形态学有明显改变.结论:单独应用PPS能明显减轻海水淹溺肺损伤.并且存在量-效关系.     

稻秆浸泡化学组分变化对抑制球形棕囊藻（Phaeocystis globosa）生长的影响

设置涉及灭菌与否、通气与否和光照与否等的8个浸泡条件,考查和比较了不同条件浸泡下获得的浸出液的抑藻作用和化学成分,以明确微生物、光照和通气情况对秸杆抑制藻类生长的影响,揭示秸杆抑藻的化学基础。研究发现,不同条件浸泡后获得的浸出液的抑藻作用存在很大差别,浸出液化学成分也有显著不同。即使浸泡条件相同,随着浸泡时间的延长,抑藻作用和化学成分也会发生很大变化。未灭菌组、通气组和光照组的抑藻作用并不一定强于相应的灭菌组、不通气组和避光组。提示微生物、光照和通气并非一定能够促进秸杆的抑藻作用,秸杆中抑藻物质的释放和产生是多个因素综合作用的结果,单一因素对秸杆抑藻作用的影响要受其他因素的干扰。绝大部分抑藻作用强的浸出液中脂肪酸、酚酸类物质含量比较高,但有些浸出液抑藻作用强,但脂肪酸、酚酸类物质含量并不高;有些浸出液抑藻作用很弱,但脂肪酸、酚酸类物质含量很高。这些结果提示,脂肪酸、酚酸类物质在稻秆抑制藻类生长中扮演重要作用。除了脂肪酸和酚酸类物质外,稻秆自身或稻杆降解过程中还可产生其他可以显著抑制和促进藻类生长的物质。     

雄黄纳米微粒在细胞水平上抑制呼吸道合胞病毒复制的初步研究

建立呼吸道合胞病毒A型(RSV-A型)感染Hep-2细胞模型,通过预防、治疗及直接灭活三种不同给药方式,观察中药雄黄对RSV-A型感染Hep-2细胞病变(CPE)的抑制作用。用高能球磨机研磨双蒸水水飞处理制备雄黄纳米微粒,应用砷钼蓝染色法测定雄黄纳米微粒浓度并在Nano Series粒度测定仪上测定其粒度。以MTT法计算药物的半数中毒剂量(TC50)。通过三种不同给药方式即预防给药、治疗给药及直接灭活给药方式进行体外实验,以利巴韦林为阳性对照药,观察雄黄纳米微粒对RSV-A型感染Hep-2细胞病变所起的作用,并对药物的量效关系进行分析。雄黄纳米微粒TC50值为0.649μg/mL。预防、治疗及直接灭活给药方式均可减轻RSV-A感染Hep-2细胞的CPE程度,其抑制RSV-A型感染Hep-2细胞病变的半数有效浓度(IC50)分别为0.20μg/mL、0.13μg/mL、0.16μg/mL,治疗指数(TI)分别为3.18、4.99和4.11,雄黄纳米微粒对RSV-A型感染Hep-2细胞病变的抑制作用存在着明显的量效关系。雄黄纳米微粒按预防、治疗及直接灭活给药方式给药时,其中治疗给药方式更有利于减轻RSV-A感染Hep-2细胞引起的病变。     

多效唑对不同立地条件下黄荆生长及生理特征的影响

该试验以绿化卷材为基质材料,对沙场、渣场和混凝土屋面3种立地条件下生长的黄荆进行不同浓度(0、100、200、300、400mg·L~(-1))多效唑处理,研究根施多效唑对黄荆生长和生理特征的影响以及不同立地环境的应用差异。结果显示:(1)随多效唑浓度升高,3种立地类型黄荆株高和生物量呈降低趋势,冠幅、基径、叶面积、根幅、主根长和主根径呈减小趋势,叶片长宽比和根冠比表现出增大的趋势;多效唑处理使黄荆叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量增加,使丙二醛含量下降。(2)不同立地条件下黄荆对多效唑处理的表现具有一定差异,隶属函数法综合评价显示,对沙场、渣场和屋面3种立地类型的黄荆生长调控效果最佳的多效唑浓度分别为400mg·L~(-1)、300mg·L~(-1)、100mg·L~(-1)。(3)当多效唑浓度在渣场和屋面分别为400、300mg·L~(-1)时,黄荆叶片开始受到伤害,对多效唑的耐受阈值表现为沙场渣场屋面。研究认为,多效唑可有效调控黄荆的形态和生物量分配,增强细胞渗透调节和抗氧化损伤能力,从而提高黄荆的抗逆性和环境适应性,但在应用时应考虑不同立地背景的差异,因地制宜地选择使用浓度和用量,使其更好地应用于人工植被恢复与建设。     

多效唑对琯溪蜜柚枝梢生长和越冬期叶片糖、水分状态的影响

本试验探讨了不同浓度多效唑(PP333)对琯溪蜜抽枝梢生长和越冬期叶片淀粉、可溶性糖含量、束缚水/自由水比值的影响.结果表明,多效唑处理能提高越冬期叶片可溶性糖含量,增大束缚水/自由水比值,降低淀粉含量;多效唑处理使新梢长度、节间长度明显受抑制,新梢粗度增加,且随着使用浓度的增大作用增强.     

水杨酸对水华鱼腥藻的化感抑制作用及相关毒理学的初步研究

研究了不同浓度的水杨酸时水华鱼腥藻生长的影响以及对鲤鱼的毒性作用.结果表明,一定浓度的水杨酸能有效抑制水华鱼腥藻的生长;抑藻作用的最佳浓度为0.6 mmol/L,用该浓度的水杨酸溶液处理鲤鱼1周后,鲤鱼血清中的天门冬氨酸氡基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的活性没有明显影响,对肝脏、鳃和肌肉中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及膜脂过氧化产物(MDA)的活性也没有明显影响,提示水杨酸时鲤鱼无毒性作用,时水华治理有一定的应用前景.     

多效唑对草莓种质离体保存的影响

取离体培养形成的草莓单芽接种到1／2MS附加不同浓度多效唑和0．5mg／L6—BA的培养基上,研究了多效唑对草莓试管苗生长及其保存的影响。结果表明,多效唑对草莓试管苗芽的分化有明显的促进作用,对草莓试管苗的伸长具明显的抑制作用。当多效唑浓度为0．04mg／L,苗高为对照(多效唑浓度为0mg／L)的29％～63％,当多效唑浓度较高(0．2mg／L)时,延迟了试管苗的发根,且抑制根的伸长。在继代培养中,多效唑抑制芽的分化,同时抑制苗的生长。在本试验中,不同浓度的多效唑对草莓试管苗保存成活率差异不十分明显,但野生草莓品种在离体保存中多效唑浓度不宜高,以0．1mg／L为好。     

咖啡酸苯乙酯衍生物抑制红细胞溶血和HL-60细胞增殖活性的构效关系研究

蜂胶中的主要成分咖啡酸苯乙酯作为重要的抗氧化剂和癌预防试剂分子,引起了人们相当的兴趣。为了研究其构效关系,作者通过酰基化反应合成了6个咖啡酸苯乙酯衍生物,即:咖啡酸苯乙酯(caffeic acid phenethyl ester,CAPE)、芥子酸苯乙酯(sinapic acid phenethyl ester,SAPE)、阿魏酸苯乙酯(ferulic acid phenethyl ester,FAPE)、4-羟基肉桂酸苯乙酯(4-hydroxycinnamicacid phenethyl ester,4-HCAPE)、3,5-二羟基肉桂酸苯乙酯(3,5-dihydroxycinnamic acidphenethyl ester,3,5-DHCAPE)和3-羟基肉桂酸苯乙酯(3-hydroxycinnamic acid phenethyl este,3-HCAPE)。以水溶性偶氮引发剂2,2'-偶氮二(2-脒基丙烷)二盐酸盐诱导的红细胞溶血为模型,研究了它们的抗氧化活性。根据实验测得的有效抑制溶血时间,其活性顺序为:CAPE≈4-HCAPE>SAPE>FAPE>3,5-DHCAPE>3-HCAPE。其活性显著...     

Length-weight and length-length relationships of three fish species from the Qingshui River in Guizhou province,Southwest China

The present study describes the length-weight (LWR) and length-length (LLR) relationships for three indigenous fish species from the Qingshui River, southwestern China. Fishes were collected by electrofishing in May 2015 in the middle Qingshui River. Total length (TL), standard length (SL) and fork length (FL) were measured to the nearest 0.1 cm with a digital calliper and weight (W) was determined with an electronic balance to an accuracy of 0.01 g. In addition, provides a new maximum total length for two species.     

论法律视野中医患关系的性质

医患关系法律性质的准确界定是医患纠纷妥善解决的基本前提。目前，我国关于医患关系法律性质的四种主流观点往往把医患关系归属于某种法律关系，这样的做法都显得会以偏概全或牵强附会。医患关系的基本法律属性是民事法律关系，但具有区别于一般法律关系的特征，是特殊的民事法律关系，在医患纠纷阶段，是民事侵权关系。     

Length-to-weight and length-to-length ratios of six cavefish species from the Pearl River Basin,South China

Length-to-weight and length-to-length ratios were estimated for six cavefishes including Yunnanilus longibarbatus, Yunnanilus bailianensis, Yunnanilus jinxiensis, Oreonectes polystigmus, Paranemachilus pingguoensis, and Paranemachilus genilepis from the upper reaches of the Pearl River, Guangxi Province, China (between 106.26E, 23.14N and 111.42E, 24.85N). The fish were captured between May and October in 2018 and 2019 using trap nets (mesh size 7 mm) set in front of selected caves at 6:30–7:30 p.m. and were hauled out at 6:30–7:30 a.m. the next day. After removal, the fish were measured and weighed immediately to the nearest 0.1 cm and 0.1 g, respectively. The regression parameter r² was between .95 and .98. The total length-to-standard length ratios were also calculated with r² ≥ .98. This study should provide a useful reference for biological studies and biodiversity conservation of cavefish.     

Genetic relationships between breeds of horses and ponies in the Netherlands

An investigation on the genetic relationships between 12 horse and pony breeds was performed, using blood protein variants as genetic markers. The relationships were established by the use of 5 different numerical taxonomic methods, 4 of which yielded very similar results. The relationships as estimated were evaluated on the basis of the breeds' historical development.     

Location of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say) by miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon in natural standing and running waters on the West Indian Island of St. Lucia

Upatham E. S. 1973. Location of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say) by miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon in natural standing and running waters on the West Indian Island of St. Lucia. International Journal of Parasitology3: 289–297. The ability of S. mansoni miracidia to locate B. glabrata in natural ditches and streams was investigated. Miracidia located and infected snails at distances of 9–14 and 97-54 in horizontally in standing and running waters respectively. In running water, no infection occurred above a velocity of 13.11 $\text{cm}\text{sec}$. In both types of habitat, infection rates in snails increased with increasing levels of miracidia but decreased as the location of caged snails moved away from the miracidial point of entry. Laboratory experi- ments showed that the number of daughter sporocysts was proportional to the number of miracidia. Judging by the number of daughter sporocysts recovered only a small percentage of miracidia succeeded in locating and penetrating snails (6.8–13-7 % and 1.4–6.2 % in standing and running waters respectively). In standing water, infection may be inhibited by the limited ability of miracidia to move horizontally. In running water, the flow extends significantly the effective scanning capacity of the miracidia, giving them a better chance of coming into contact with snails, which is of importance in the epidemiology of schistosomiasis. Owing to a con- siderable wastage of miracidia and the higher relative efficiency of miracidia at lower densities in detecting snails, control measures such as chemotherapy or provision of safe water supplies designed to lower egg output and reduce contamination may not seriously influence transmission unless S. mansoni egg production or contamination is massively reduced.     

Systems of ordering data

Four ordering systems have been used most frequently in taxonomy: (1) special purpose classifications, (2) downward classifications (identification schemes), (3) upward or grouping classifications (traditional), and (4) Hennigian phylogenetic systems. The special properties of these four systems are critically evaluated. Grouping classifications and phylogenetic systems have very different objectives: the former the documentation of similarity and closeness of relationship, the latter of phylogeny. Both are legitimate ordering systems.     

定量结构-生物降解性能关系模型在21世纪农药发展中的应用

简要概述农药的概念、环保型农药的主要特点、农药的主要生产和设计途径以及农药在粮食增产的同时给环境带来的负面影响。定量结构一生物降解性能关系（QSBR）能够定量预测有机物的生物降解性能,可作为一种预测有机物降解过程和性能的模型。本文提出将其应用于环保型农药的设计和筛选中,从而减少由于农药生物降解给环境带来的影响。