海枣曲霉木聚糖酶降解寡聚木糖的特性

利用滤纸层析或ＡｃｒｙｌｅｘＰ－２凝胶过滤从落叶松木聚糖硫酸水解液中分离纯化子木二糖至木五糖。采用硅胶薄层层析分析底物和产物的方法研究了海枣霉木聚糖酶降解寡聚木糖的特点。此酶作用于寡糖的最适ＰＨ为５．０,终产物为Ｘ和Ｘ２。酶作用于Ｘ３、Ｘ４及Ｘ５的相对初速度分别为１、３４和４００,Ｘ２几乎不被酶解,推断该酶的底物结合部位至少具有５个亚位点,在高底物浓度,低酶量,远离最适ＰＨ以及在反应初期都能检测到     

海枣曲霉木聚糖酶III糖组成及糖肽结合键研究

海枣曲霉木聚糖酶III经PAGE和SDS-PAGE后用Schiff’s试剂染色证明为糖蛋白。经硅胶薄层层析和毛细管气相色谱测定,每分子酶约含4个葡萄糖和1个甘露糖残基。木聚糖酶III经β一消除反应后在241nm处出现一个新的吸收峰。在N2保护下用含NaBH4的NaoH溶液处理后,其Ser和Thr减少,相对应丙氨酸增加,并出现Ⅸ一氨基丁酸。估测酶分子中存在约3个O-糖苷键,糖残基通过O-糖苷键连接于肽链中丝氨酸或苏氨酸上。     

海枣曲霉木聚糖酶Ⅲ糖组成及糖肽结合键研究

海枣曲霉木聚糖酶Ⅲ经PAGE和SDS-PAGE后用Schiff’s试剂染色证明为糖蛋白。经硅胶薄层层析和毛细管气相色谱测定,每分子酶约含4个葡萄糖和1个甘露糖残基。 木聚糖酶Ⅲ经β-消除反应后在241nm处出现一个新的吸收峰。在N_2保护下用含NaBH_4的NaOH溶液处理后,其Ser和Thr减少,相对应丙氨酸增加,并出现α-氨基丁酸。估测酶分户中存在约3个O-糖苷键,糖残墓通过O-糖苷键连接于肽链中丝氨酸或苏氨酸上。     

海枣曲霉木聚糖酶Ⅲ糖组成及糖肽结构键研究

海枣曲霉木聚糖酶Ⅲ经ＰＡＧＥ和ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ后用Ｓｃｈｉｆｆ′ｓ试剂染色证明为糖蛋白。经硅胶薄层层析和毛细管毛相色谱测定,每分子酶约含４个葡萄糖和１个甘露糖残基,木聚糖酶Ⅲ经β－消除反应后在２４１ｎｍ处出现一个新的吸收峰,在Ｎ２保护下用含ＮａＢＨ４的ＮａＯＨ溶液处理后,其Ｓｅｒ和Ｔｈｒ减少,相对应丙氨酸增加,并出现α－氨基丁酸,估测酶分子中存在约３个Ｏ－糖苷键,糖残基通过Ｏ－糖苷键连接于肽链中丝     

海枣曲霉木聚糖酶的提纯和性质

通过硫酸铵分段、异丙醇分段、Sephadex G一100凝胶过滤、及DEAE-Sephadex A-50离子交换柱层析等提纯步骤,从海枣曲霉(Aspetgillu,phornicis)的麦麸培养物抽提液中分离到4个成份的木聚糖酶,分别称之为X一1、X—II、x—III和X—IV。 经7％凝胶浓度的圆盘电泳及薄层等电聚焦分析,x一1、X．IJ和x—Ill皆为均一成分,x—Iv中则仍杂有少量X~llIo X-I的最适pH为4．0,最适温度45℃,在pH 5．0--9．0之间稳定,保温30分钟时的半失话温度t为90℃。X一和x一 的最适 分别为{．及5．,最适温度均为,稳定pH范I 11 IlI pH 50 50~(3画分别为6．0—10．0及7．0--10．0,t1分别为60及55"C。SDS一凝肢电泳法测得x一’、x-r／和x—111的分子量分别为26,500、35。,500及22,000。薄层凝胶等电聚焦法测得三者的等电点分别为{．7、{．4和4．0。在所测定的化学试剂中,Ag’、Hg’’和Mn冲对这三个酶均有较强烈的抑制作用。sDS对x—I活力影响较小,对x_I】和x—Ill则有强烈的抑制作用。脲对X-1的抑制作用大,对X-II和X—Ill的抑制作用小。     

海枣曲霉β—D—岩藻糖苷酶的研究

Although beta-D-fucosidase (beta-D-fucoside fucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.38) has been isolated from various sources, the identity of this enzyme is still not settled. We have purified a specific beta-D-fucosidase in electrophoretically homogeneous form crude extracts of Aspergillus phoenicis by polyethyleneglycol 6000-phosphate buffer aqueous two-phase separation, and successive chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50, hydroxyapatite and Sephadex G-100 columns. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 57000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 50000 to 60000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The enzyme showed optimum coside were 2.4mmol/L, and 1.28 mumol min-1 the pH range 5.5-6.5 and below 35 degrees C. The Km and the Vmax values for pNP-beta-D-fucoside were 2.4mmol/L, and 1.28 mumol.min-1.mg-1 respectively. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by sulfhydryl group reagents, PCMB-NEM and iodoacetate. It was also inhibited by EDC, DEP and NBS. Thus, -SH, -COOH groups, histidyl and tryptophyl residues were essential for enzyme activity. The purified beta-D-fucosidase showed high specificity toward p-nitrophenyl beta-D-fucoside. The enzyme was inhibited by D-fucose and D-fucono-gamma-lactone, but not by D-galactose, D-galactono-gamma-lactone, D-glucose or D-glucono-gamma-lactone; the latter compounds are specific inhibitors of beta-D-galactosidase and beta-D-glucosidase respectively. Thus, this enzyme is the most strictly specific beta-D-fucosidase when compared with those previously reported.     

海枣曲霉地衣多糖酶和木聚糖酶的底物特异性

海枣曲霉木聚糖酶x—I、x—u和x一III作用于不同底物对,x_I对地衣多糖的水解活性最强,对麦麸半纤维素H和B也有一定的水解活性,因而该酶为具有木聚糖酶活性的地衣多糖酶(LichⅢe,l,3一l,4一卢一D—Glucan 4一glucnohydrolasc,Ec 3．2．1．73)。 X—II对燕麦木聚糖、麦麸半纤维素B和H均有很高的水解活性,对其他木聚糖及地衣多糖的水解活性也较高,因而为具有地衣多糖酶话性的木聚糖酶o x—Iil对落叶松木聚糖的水解活性最高,对其他木聚糖也有较高的水解话性,但不能水解地衣多糖等β一葡聚糖,故为一种专一的木聚糖酶。X一1水解麦麸半纤维素B、x一Ⅱ水解燕麦术聚糖及x—Iu承解落叶松木聚糖的Km值分别为9·9、2．1和1．8mg／ml。酶水解产物的纸层析分析结果表明,x—I水解不同木聚糖后的产物主要为分子量较大的寡聚木糖,未发现木二糖、木糖及阿拉伯糖。X_Il的水解产物主要为木二糖 及木二糖以上的寡糖,并有少量木糖和阿拉伯糖,且阿拉伯糖远多于木糖。X-III的水解产物中以木二糖为最多,也有较多的木二糖以上的寡聚木糖,木糖和阿拉伯糖的量较少,且阿拉伯糖远少于木糖。     

海枣曲霉糖苷酶类的化学组成

本文测定的海枣曲霉糖苷酶均为糖蛋白,含糖量分别为：地衣多糖酶7.7％,木聚糖酶X-II 5.8％,木聚糖酶X-III 3.3％,β-半乳糖苷酶14．3％,β-葡萄糖苷酶16．1％,β-木糖苷酶15.5％。这几个酶的氨基酸组成有较大差异,但也有共同特点,即都含有较多酸性与羟基氨基酸,含His,Met较少。将这些酶的氨基酸组成作成星状图,结果这些酶的星状图互不相同,只有β-葡萄糖苷酶和β-木糖苷酶的星状图之间有一定的相似性。比较海枣曲霉糖苷酶和其。他来源的糖苷酶的氨基酸组成的星状图。发现不同来源的同一种酶都有不同程度的相似性,且相似程度与产生菌之间的亲缘关系有很大的相关性。     

海枣曲霉β-D-岩藻糖苷酶的研究

虽然芦β-D-岩藻糖苷酶(EC3．2．1,38)已从多种动植物中分离纯化,但因它们的专一性均不高而难以确证。我们从海枣曲霉(Aspergillus phoenicis)培养物中提取,经过PEG6000-磷酸缓冲液双水相分离,相继用DEAE—sepbadev A-50、羟基磷灰石、Sephadex G-100等柱层析分离,获得了凝腔电泳均一的β-D-岩藻糖苷酶,比话力提高500倍。酶反应的最适条件为40℃和pH 6.0,在35℃以下和pH5．5—6.5稳定。凝胶过滤法测分子量为50000—60000,用SDS—PAGE测出分子量为57000。酶的Km值为2.4mmol／L,Vmax为12．8μmol·min-1·mg-1。金属离子Ag+．Hg2+对酶有强抑制作用,巯基乙醇和牛血清清蛋白以及甘油 和多种糖能提高酶活力。化学修饰结果表明,-SH、-COOH基团和组氨酸,色氨酸残基为酶活力所必需。该酶只能水解pNPβ-D-岩藻糖苷,有严格的底物专一性,并能专一地受D-岩藻培和D-岩藻糖酸-r-内酯所抑制,为迄今为止最专一的β-D-岩藻钠苷酶,堪称该酶的典型代表。     

The Amino Acid Sequence of Wood Duck Lysozyme

The amino acid sequence of wood duck (Aix sponsa) lysozyme was analyzed. Carboxymethylated lysozyme was digested with trypsin and the resulting peptides were sequenced. The established amino acid sequence had the highest similarity to duck III lysozyme with four amino acid substitutions, and had eighteen amino acid substitutions from chicken lysozyme. The valine at position 75 was newly detected in chicken-type lysozymes. In the active site, Tyr34 and Glu57 were found at subsites F and D, respectively, when compared with chicken lysozyme.     

Purification and characterization of a neutral endoxylanase from Aspergillus nidulans

Abstract A neutral endoxylanase from a culture filtrate of Aspergillus nidulans grown on oat spelt xylan was purified to apparent homogeneity. The purified enzyme showed a single band on SDS-PAGE with a molecular mass of 22,000 and had an isoelectric point of 6.4. The enzyme was a non-debranching endoxylanase highly specific for xylans and completely free from cellulolytic activity. The xylanase showed an optimum activity at pH 5.5 and 62°C and had a K m of 4.2 mg oat spelt xylan per ml and a V max of 710 μmol min⁻¹ (mg protein)⁻¹.     

Isolation and Partial Amino Add Sequence of Bacteriocins Produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus

Bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus acidophilus JCM 1023, JCM 1028, JCM 1021, JCM 1229, and JCM 5342 were active against closely related lactobacilli. These bacteriocins were purified and partial sequenced. Bacteriocin activities of L. acidophilus JCM 1023 and JCM 1028 were associated with two components. On the basis of N-terminal amino acid sequencing and the molecular masses, it is interpreted that these two-component bacteriocins are identical to acidocin J1132, a bacteriocin from L. acidophilus JCM 1132 [Tahara et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 62, 892–897 (1996)]. Other bacteriocins were single-peptide bacteriocins.     

The Amino Acid Sequence of Monal Pheasant Lysozyme and Its Activity

The amino acid sequence of monal pheasant lysozyme and its activity were analyzed. Carboxymethylated lysozyme was digested with trypsin and the resulting peptides were sequenced. The established amino acid sequence had one amino acid substitution at position 102 (Arg to Gly) comparing with Indian peafowl lysozyme and four amino acid substitutions at positions 3 (Phe to Tyr), 15 (His to Leu), 41 (Gln to His), and 121 (Gln to His) with chicken lysozyme. Analysis of the time-courses of reaction using N-acetylglucosamine pentamer as a substrate showed a difference of binding free energy change (-0.4 kcal/mol) at subsites A between monal pheasant and Indian peafowl lysozyme. This was assumed to be caused by the amino acid substitution at subsite A with loss of a positive charge at position 102 (Arg102 to Gly).     

Complete Amino Acid Sequence of Chitinase-a from Bulbs of Gladiolus (Gladiolus gandavensis)

The complete amino acid sequence of gladiolus bulb chitinase-a (GBC-a) was determined. First the tryptic peptides from GBC-a after it was reduced and S-carboxymethylated were sequenced and then the peptides were further studied by chemical cleavage of the enzyme. GBC-a consisted of 274 amino acid residues and had a molecular mass of 30,714 Da. Two consensus sequences essential for chitinase activity by plant class III chitinases were conserved in GBC-a, although its sequence similarity with plant class III chitinases was less than 20%. Sequence comparison of GBC-a with sequences of other proteins in a protein identification resource (PIR) showed that the GBC-a sequence was 33% similar to that of narbonin, a seed storage 2S globulin from narbon beans.     

Purification and characterization of xylanase from Aspergillus ficuum AF-98

The purification and characterization of xylanase from Aspergillus ficuum AF-98 were investigated in this work. The extracellular xylanase from this fungal was purified 32.6-fold to homogeneity throughout the precipitation with 50–80% (NH₄)₂SO₄, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. The purified xylanase (specific activity at 288.7 U/ mg protein) was a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 35.0 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE. The optimal temperature and pH for the action of the enzyme were at 45 °C and 5.0, respectively. The xylanase was activated by Cu²⁺ up to 115.8% of activity, and was strongly inhibited by Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺ up to 52.8% and 89%, respectively. The xylanase exhibited K_m and V_max values of 3.267 mg/mL, 18.38 M/min/mg for beechwood xylan and 3.747 mg/mL, 11.1 M/min/mg for birchwood xylan, respectively.     

棘孢曲霉SM-L22木聚糖酶系主要组分的纯化与性质

经超滤浓缩、分子筛色谱、阴离子和阳离子交换层析 ,由棘孢曲霉发酵液最终分离得到 4个电泳纯的木聚糖酶主要组分Xy 1、Xy 2、Xy 3和Xy 4。通过SDS 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测得各组分的分子量分别是 92 1 3、32 4 0、4 2 4 0和 2 7 0 3kD。实验证明这些酶组分均属于酸性木聚糖酶 ,Xy 1、Xy 2、Xy 3和Xy 4的最适反应pH分别为 5 0、4 0、4 6和 3～ 3 5。各酶组分在酸性条件下较稳定 ,碱性条件下酶活丧失较快。Xy 1及Xy 2的最适反应温度在75℃ ,在 5 0℃以下比较稳定 ;Xy 3及Xy 4最适反应温度为 5 5℃ ,在 4 0℃以下比较稳定。通过对各酶组分米氏常数的测定可知 ,Xy 1及Xy 2对底物桦木木聚糖的Km 值分别为 0 36 %和 0 2 6 % ,Xy 3及Xy 4的Km 值为 2 4 6 %和1 3 9%。 4种组分的Vmax 分别为 4 0 1 μmol min mg、8 81 μmol min mg、81 97μmol min mg、4 71 μmol min mg。Cu2 、Ag 对各组分都有较强的抑制作用 ,Mg2 、Ba2 、Ca2 能促进Xy 3的木聚糖酶活 ,Ca2 也可大幅度促进Xy 4的木聚糖酶活性。     

Purification and characterization of xylanase from alkali-tolerant Aspergillus fischeri Fxn1

Abstract Alkali-tolerant Aspergillus fischeri Fxn1 produced two extracellular xylanases. The major xylanase ( M _r 31000) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange chromatography and preparatory PAGE. Xylose was the major hydrolysis product from oat spelt and birch wood xylans. It was completely free of cellulolytic activities. The optimum pH and temperature were 6.0 and 60 °C, respectively. pH stability ranged from 5 to 9.5 and the t_{1 / 2} at 50 °C was 490 min. It had a K _m of 4.88 mg ml⁻¹and a V _max of 588 μmol min⁻¹ mg⁻¹. The activity was inhibited (95%) by AlCl₃ (10 mM). This enzyme appears to be novel and will be useful for studies on the mechanism of hydrolysis of xylan by xylanolytic enzymes.