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1.
Deuling JH Vermeulen RP Smit MD van der Maaten JM Boersema HM van den Heuvel AF Van Gelder IC 《Netherlands heart journal》2012,20(4):148-154
Objectives
This study evaluated the waiting list for elective electrical cardioversion (ECV) for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF), focusing on when and why procedures were postponed. We compared the effects of management of the waiting list conducted by physicians versus management by nurse practitioners (NPs) and we evaluated the safety of our anticoagulating policy by means of bleeding or thromboembolic complications during and after ECV.Background
Not all patients selected for ECV receive their treatment at the first planned instance due to a variety of reasons. These reasons are still undocumented.Methods
We evaluated 250 consecutive patients with persistent AF admitted to our clinic for elective ECV.Results
Within 5 to 6 weeks, 186 of 242 patients (77%) received ECV. The main reason for postponing an ECV was an inadequate international normalised ratio (INR); other reasons included spontaneous sinus rhythm and switch to rate control. A total of 23 of the 147 patients (16%) managed by the research physician were postponed due to an inadequate INR at admission versus 4 out of 98 patients (4%) managed by NPs (p = 0.005)Conclusion
An inadequate INR is the main reason for postponing an ECV. Management of ECV by NPs is safe and leads to less postponing on admission. 相似文献2.
Ravi Teja Bhupatiraju William R Hersh Valerie Smothers Michael Fordis Peter S Greene 《Source code for biology and medicine》2008,3(1):1-14
Background
As the demands for competency-based education grow, the need for standards-based tools to allow for publishing and discovery of competency-based learning content is more pressing. This project focused on developing federated discovery services for competency-based medical e-learning content.Methods
We built a tool suite for authoring and discovery of medical e-learning metadata. The end-user usability of the tool suite was evaluated through a web-based survey.Results
The suite, implemented as an open-source system, was evaluated to identify areas for improvement.Conclusion
The MERG suite is a starting point for organizations implementing competency-based e-learning resources. 相似文献3.
Zdeňka Lososová Irena Axmanová Milan Chytrý Gabriele Midolo Sylvain Abdulhak Dirk Nikolaus Karger Julien Renaud Jérémie Van Es Pascal Vittoz Wilfried Thuiller 《Global Ecology and Biogeography》2023,32(9):1485-1494
Motivation
Although dispersal ability is one of the key features determining the spatial dynamics of plant populations and the structure of plant communities, it is also one of the traits for which we still lack data for most species. We compiled a comprehensive dataset of seed dispersal distance classes and predominant dispersal modes for most European vascular plants. Our seed dispersal dataset can be used in functional biogeography, dynamic vegetation modelling and ecological studies at local to continental scales.Main Types of Variables Contained
Species were classified into seven ordered classes with similar dispersal distances estimated based on the predominant dispersal mode, the morphology of dispersal units (diaspores or propagules), life form, plant height, seed mass, habitat and known dispersal by humans. We evaluated our results by comparing them with dispersal distances calculated using the ‘dispeRsal’ function in R.Spatial Location
Europe.Time Period
Present.Major Taxa and Level of Measurement
The seed dispersal dataset contains information on dispersal distance classes and the predominant dispersal mode for 10,327 most frequent and locally dominant European vascular plant species.Software Format
Data are available in .csv format. 相似文献4.
Benjamin Weigel Niina Kotamäki Olli Malve Kristiina Vuorio Otso Ovaskainen 《Global Ecology and Biogeography》2023,32(2):295-309
Aim
We use lake phytoplankton community data to quantify the spatio-temporal and scale-dependent impacts of eutrophication, land-use and climate change on species niches and community assembly processes while accounting for species traits and phylogenetic constraints.Location
Finland.Time period
1977–2017.Major taxa
Phytoplankton.Methods
We use hierarchical modelling of species communities (HMSC) to model metacommunity trajectories at 853 lakes over four decades of environmental change, including a hierarchical spatial structure to account for scale-dependent processes. Using a “region of common profile” approach, we evaluate compositional changes of species communities and trait profiles and investigate their temporal development.Results
We demonstrate the emergence of novel and widespread community composition clusters in previously more compositionally homogeneous communities, with cluster-specific community trait profiles, indicating functional differences. A strong phylogenetic signal of species responses to the environment implies similar responses among closely related taxa. Community cluster-specific species prevalence indicates lower taxonomic dispersion within the current dominant clusters compared with the historically dominant cluster and an overall higher prevalence of smaller species sizes within communities. Our findings denote profound spatio-temporal structuring of species co-occurrence patterns and highlight functional differences of lake phytoplankton communities.Main conclusions
Diverging community trajectories have led to a nationwide reshuffling of lake phytoplankton communities. At regional and national scales, lakes are not single entities but metacommunity hubs in an interconnected waterscape. The assembly mechanisms of phytoplankton communities are strongly structured by spatio-temporal dynamics, which have led to novel community types, but only a minor part of this reshuffling could be linked to temporal environmental change. 相似文献5.
David López-Bru Antonio Palazón-Bru David Manuel Folgado-de la Rosa Vicente Francisco Gil-Guillén 《PloS one》2015,10(6)
Background
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is associated with an increased mortality. Few studies have constructed predictive models of all-cause mortality with a high discriminating power for patients with this disease that would enable us to determine which patients are more likely to die.Objective
To construct a predictive model of all-cause mortality at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years for patients diagnosed with and treated surgically for DTC for use as a mobile application.Design
We undertook a retrospective cohort study using data from 1984 to 2013.Setting
All patients diagnosed with and treated surgically for DTC at a general university hospital covering a population of around 200,000 inhabitants in Spain.Participants
The study involved 201 patients diagnosed with and treated surgically for DTC (174, papillary; 27, follicular).Exposures
Age, gender, town, family history, type of surgery, type of cancer, histological subtype, microcarcinoma, multicentricity, TNM staging system, diagnostic stage, permanent post-operative complications, local and regional tumor persistence, distant metastasis, and radioiodine therapy.Main outcome measure
All-cause mortality.Methods
A Cox multivariate regression model was constructed to determine which variables at diagnosis were associated with mortality. Using the model a risk table was constructed based on the sum of all points to estimate the likelihood of death. This was then incorporated into a mobile application.Results
The mean follow-up was 8.8±6.7 years. All-cause mortality was 12.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.3–17.6%). Predictive variables: older age, local tumor persistence and distant metastasis. The area under the ROC curve was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72–0.91, p<0.001).Conclusion
This study provides a practical clinical tool giving a simple and rapid indication (via a mobile application) of which patients with DTC are at risk of dying in 5, 10, 15 or 20 years. Nonetheless, caution should be exercised until validation studies have corroborated our results. 相似文献6.
Kefeng Zhang Anja Randelovic Larissa M. Aguiar Declan Page David T. McCarthy Ana Deletic 《PloS one》2015,10(5)
Background
Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) systems are frequently used as part of a stormwater harvesting treatment trains (e.g. biofilters (bio-retentions and rain-gardens) and wetlands). However, validation frameworks for such systems do not exist, limiting their adoption for end-uses such as drinking water. The first stage in the validation framework is pre-validation, which prepares information for further validation monitoring.Objectives
A pre-validation roadmap, consisting of five steps, is suggested in this paper. Detailed methods for investigating target micropollutants in stormwater, and determining challenge conditions for biofilters and wetlands, are provided.Methods
A literature review was undertaken to identify and quantify micropollutants in stormwater. MUSIC V5.1 was utilized to simulate the behaviour of the systems based on 30-year rainfall data in three distinct climate zones; outputs were evaluated to identify the threshold of operational variables, including length of dry periods (LDPs) and volume of water treated per event.Results
The paper highlights that a number of micropollutants were found in stormwater at levels above various worldwide drinking water guidelines (eight pesticides, benzene, benzo(a)pyrene, pentachlorophenol, di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate and a total of polychlorinated biphenyls). The 95th percentile LDPs was exponentially related to system design area while the 5th percentile length of dry periods remained within short durations (i.e. 2–8 hours). 95th percentile volume of water treated per event was exponentially related to system design area as a percentage of an impervious catchment area.Conclusions
The out-comings of this study show that pre-validation could be completed through a roadmap consisting of a series of steps; this will help in the validation of stormwater treatment systems. 相似文献7.
Viroj Wiwanitkit 《Indian journal of human genetics》2014,20(2):153-154
BACKGROUND:
Down''s syndrome is an important congenital chromosomal disorder that can be seen around the world. The antenatal screening for this disorder is an important processing in present obstetrics.OBJECTIVE:
Due to the concept of first do no harm, the use of noninvasive test is recommended. The triple marker screening test has been introduced for a few years and acceptable for its efficacy.RESULT:
However, an important concern is on its cost-effectiveness. Here, the author analyze and present the cost-effectiveness of the triple markers serum screening for Down''s syndrome in Thai setting.CONCLUSION:
According to this work, the cost per effectiveness of triple markers serum screening is slightly lower than standard amniocentesis test. 相似文献8.
Aims
To aid public health policymaking, we studied the cost-effectiveness of buprenorphine, naltrexone, and placebo interventions for heroin dependence in Malaysia.Design
We estimated the cost-effectiveness ratios of three treatments for heroin dependence. We used a microcosting methodology to determine fixed, variable, and societal costs of each intervention. Cost data were collected from investigators, staff, and project records on the number and type of resources used and unit costs; societal costs for participants’ time were estimated using Malaysia’s minimum wage. Costs were estimated from a provider and societal perspective and reported in 2004 US dollars.Setting
Muar, Malaysia.Participants
126 patients enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in Malaysia (2003–2005) receiving counseling and buprenorphine, naltrexone, or placebo for treatment of heroin dependence.Measurements
Primary outcome measures included days in treatment, maximum consecutive days of heroin abstinence, days to first heroin use, and days to heroin relapse. Secondary outcome measures included treatment retention, injection drug use, illicit opiate use, AIDS Risk Inventory total score, and drug risk and sex risk subscores.Findings
Buprenorphine was more effective and more costly than naltrexone for all primary and most secondary outcomes. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were below $50 for primary outcomes, mostly below $350 for secondary outcomes. Naltrexone was dominated by placebo for all secondary outcomes at almost all endpoints. Incremental treatment costs were driven mainly by medication costs, especially the price of buprenorphine.Conclusions
Buprenorphine appears to be a cost-effective alternative to naltrexone that might enhance economic productivity and reduce drug use over a longer term. 相似文献9.
Background
One of the recent challenges of computational biology is development of new algorithms, tools and software to facilitate predictive modeling of big data generated by high-throughput technologies in biomedical research.Results
To meet these demands we developed PROPER - a package for visual evaluation of ranking classifiers for biological big data mining studies in the MATLAB environment.Conclusion
PROPER is an efficient tool for optimization and comparison of ranking classifiers, providing over 20 different two- and three-dimensional performance curves.10.
P. Formentín Ú. Catalán L. Pol S. Fernández-Castillejo R. Solà L. F. Marsal 《Journal of biological engineering》2018,12(1):21
Background
The ability to direct the cellular response by means of biomaterial surface topography is important for biomedical applications. Substrate surface topography has been shown to be an effective cue for the regulation of cellular response. Here, the response of human aortic endothelial cells to nanoporous anodic alumina and macroporous silicon with collagen and fibronectin functionalization has been studied.Methods
Confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were employed to analyse the effects of the material and the porosity on the adhesion, morphology, and proliferation of the cells. Cell spreading and filopodia formation on macro- and nanoporous material was characterized by atomic force microscopy. We have also studied the influence of the protein on the adhesion.Results
It was obtained the best results when the material is functionalized with fibronectin, regarding cells adhesion, morphology, and proliferation.Conclusion
These results permit to obtain chemical modified 3D structures for several biotechnology applications such as tissue engineering, organ-on-chip or regenerative medicine.11.
Derk L. Arts Stefan Visscher Wim Opstelten Joke C. Korevaar Ameen Abu-Hanna Henk C. P. M. van Weert 《PloS one》2013,8(7)
Objective
To determine adequacy of antithrombotic treatment in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. To determine risk factors for under- and over-treatment.Design
Retrospective, cross-sectional study of electronic health records from 36 general practitioners in 2008.Setting
General practice in the Netherlands.Subjects
Primary care physicians (n = 36) and patients (n = 981) aged 65 years and over.Main Outcome Measures
Rates of adequate, under and over-treatment, risk factors for under and over-treatment.Results
Of the 981 included patients with a mean of age 78, 18% received no antithrombotic treatment (under-treatment), 13% received antiplatelet drugs and 69% received oral anticoagulation (OAC). Further, 43% of the included patients were treated adequately, 26% were under-treated, and 31% were over-treated. Patients with a previous ischaemic stroke were at high risk for under-treatment (OR 2.4, CI 1.6–3.5), whereas those with contraindications for OAC were at high risk for over-treatment (OR 37.0, CI 18.1–79.9). Age over 75 (OR 0.2, CI: 0.1–0.3]), diabetes (OR 0.1, CI: 0.1–0.3), heart failure (OR 0.2, CI: 0.1–0.3), hypertension (OR 0.1, CI: 0.1–0.2) and previous ischaemic stroke (OR 0.04, CI: 0.02–0.11) protected against over-treatment.Conclusions
In general practice, CHADS2-criteria are being used, but the antithrombotic treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation frequently deviates from guidelines on this topic. Patients with previous stroke are at high risk of not being prescribed OAC. Contraindications for OAC, however, seem to be frequently overlooked. 相似文献12.
Sven Zukunft Cornelia Prehn Cornelia Röhring Gabriele Möller Martin Hrabě de Angelis Jerzy Adamski Janina Tokarz 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(1):18
Introduction
Global metabolomics analyses using body fluids provide valuable results for the understanding and prediction of diseases. However, the mechanism of a disease is often tissue-based and it is advantageous to analyze metabolomic changes directly in the tissue. Metabolomics from tissue samples faces many challenges like tissue collection, homogenization, and metabolite extraction.Objectives
We aimed to establish a metabolite extraction protocol optimized for tissue metabolite quantification by the targeted metabolomics AbsoluteIDQ? p180 Kit (Biocrates). The extraction method should be non-selective, applicable to different kinds and amounts of tissues, monophasic, reproducible, and amenable to high throughput.Methods
We quantified metabolites in samples of eleven murine tissues after extraction with three solvents (methanol, phosphate buffer, ethanol/phosphate buffer mixture) in two tissue to solvent ratios and analyzed the extraction yield, ionization efficiency, and reproducibility.Results
We found methanol and ethanol/phosphate buffer to be superior to phosphate buffer in regard to extraction yield, reproducibility, and ionization efficiency for all metabolites measured. Phosphate buffer, however, outperformed both organic solvents for amino acids and biogenic amines but yielded unsatisfactory results for lipids. The observed matrix effects of tissue extracts were smaller or in a similar range compared to those of human plasma.Conclusion
We provide for each murine tissue type an optimized high-throughput metabolite extraction protocol, which yields the best results for extraction, reproducibility, and quantification of metabolites in the p180 kit. Although the performance of the extraction protocol was monitored by the p180 kit, the protocol can be applicable to other targeted metabolomics assays.13.
Helen Anne Snooks Ben Carter Jeremy Dale Theresa Foster Ioan Humphreys Philippa Anne Logan Ronan Anthony Lyons Suzanne Margaret Mason Ceri James Phillips Antonio Sanchez Mushtaq Wani Alan Watkins Bridget Elizabeth Wells Richard Whitfield Ian Trevor Russell 《PloS one》2014,9(9)
Objective
To evaluate effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of Computerised Clinical Decision Support (CCDS) for paramedics attending older people who fall.Design
Cluster trial randomised by paramedic; modelling.Setting
13 ambulance stations in two UK emergency ambulance services.Participants
42 of 409 eligible paramedics, who attended 779 older patients for a reported fall.Interventions
Intervention paramedics received CCDS on Tablet computers to guide patient care. Control paramedics provided care as usual. One service had already installed electronic data capture.Main Outcome Measures
Effectiveness: patients referred to falls service, patient reported quality of life and satisfaction, processes of care.Safety
Further emergency contacts or death within one month.Cost-Effectiveness
Costs and quality of life. We used findings from published Community Falls Prevention Trial to model cost-effectiveness.Results
17 intervention paramedics used CCDS for 54 (12.4%) of 436 participants. They referred 42 (9.6%) to falls services, compared with 17 (5.0%) of 343 participants seen by 19 control paramedics [Odds ratio (OR) 2.04, 95% CI 1.12 to 3.72]. No adverse events were related to the intervention. Non-significant differences between groups included: subsequent emergency contacts (34.6% versus 29.1%; OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.72); quality of life (mean SF12 differences: MCS −0.74, 95% CI −2.83 to +1.28; PCS −0.13, 95% CI −1.65 to +1.39) and non-conveyance (42.0% versus 36.7%; OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.52). However ambulance job cycle time was 8.9 minutes longer for intervention patients (95% CI 2.3 to 15.3). Average net cost of implementing CCDS was £208 per patient with existing electronic data capture, and £308 without. Modelling estimated cost per quality-adjusted life-year at £15,000 with existing electronic data capture; and £22,200 without.Conclusions
Intervention paramedics referred twice as many participants to falls services with no difference in safety. CCDS is potentially cost-effective, especially with existing electronic data capture.Trial Registration
ISRCTN Register ISRCTN10538608 相似文献14.
Background
Applications in biomedical science and life science produce large data sets using increasingly powerful imaging devices and computer simulations. It is becoming increasingly difficult for scientists to explore and analyze these data using traditional tools. Interactive data processing and visualization tools can support scientists to overcome these limitations.Results
We show that new data processing tools and visualization systems can be used successfully in biomedical and life science applications. We present an adaptive high-resolution display system suitable for biomedical image data, algorithms for analyzing and visualization protein surfaces and retinal optical coherence tomography data, and visualization tools for 3D gene expression data.Conclusion
We demonstrated that interactive processing and visualization methods and systems can support scientists in a variety of biomedical and life science application areas concerned with massive data analysis.15.
Background
Surgery appears to be an underutilized treatment option for pancreatic cancer. Nihilistic physician attitudes may be partly responsible. The study objectives were to analyze physician attitudes towards this disease and determine treatment patterns and outcomes including rates of surgical referral.Methods
A survey was administered to 420 physicians in Manitoba to document general knowledge and attitudes. Population based administrative data was accessed for all patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer between 2004 and 2006 to examine treatment patterns and outcomes.Results
181 physicians responded to the survey. Most (73%) believed that surgical resection was worthwhile. Of the 413 Manitobans diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, only 11% underwent an attempt at surgical resection. There were 124 patients with stage I or II disease (i.e. potentially resectable), 85 of these patients received no treatment and 39% were not referred to a surgeon. These patients were older than those referred, but did not have more comorbidities.Conclusion
Most physicians were insightfully aware of both the survival benefit and potential risks of surgical resection. However, some did overestimate the surgical mortality and underestimate the associated survival benefit. Although advanced age may justly account for some of the patients not receiving a referral, it is reasonable to assume that nihilistic physician attitudes is contributing to the apparent underutilization of surgery for pancreatic cancer. Efforts should be made to ensure that eligible patients are at least offered surgery as a potential treatment option.16.
Kai Yang Fan Zhang Peng Han Zhuo-zhong Wang Kui Deng Yuan-yuan Zhang Wei-wei Zhao Wei Song Yu-qing Cai Kang Li Bin-bin Cui Zheng-Jiang Zhu 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(9):110
Introduction
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a clinically heterogeneous disease, which necessitates a variety of treatments and leads to different outcomes. Only some CRC patients will benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).Objectives
An accurate prediction of response to NACT in CRC patients would greatly facilitate optimal personalized management, which could improve their long-term survival and clinical outcomes.Methods
In this study, plasma metabolite profiling was performed to identify potential biomarker candidates that can predict response to NACT for CRC. Metabolic profiles of plasma from non-response (n?=?30) and response (n?=?27) patients to NACT were studied using UHPLC–quadruple time-of-flight)/mass spectrometry analyses and statistical analysis methods.Results
The concentrations of nine metabolites were significantly different when comparing response to NACT. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of the potential biomarkers was up to 0.83 discriminating the non-response and response group to NACT, superior to the clinical parameters (carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 199).Conclusion
These results show promise for larger studies that could result in more personalized treatment protocols for CRC patients.17.
Background
The ability to react early to possible outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and to trace possible sources relies on the availability of highly discriminatory and reliable techniques. The development of methods that are fast and has the potential for complete automation is needed for this important pathogen.Methods
In all 73 isolates of shiga-toxin producing E. coli O157 (STEC) were used in this study. The two available fully sequenced STEC genomes were scanned for tandem repeated stretches of DNA, which were evaluated as polymorphic markers for isolate identification.Results
The 73 E. coli isolates displayed 47 distinct patterns and the MLVA assay was capable of high discrimination between the E. coli O157 strains. The assay was fast and all the steps can be automated.Conclusion
The findings demonstrate a novel high discriminatory molecular typing method for the important pathogen E. coli O157 that is fast, robust and offers many advantages compared to current methods. 相似文献18.
Hong-Sheng Wang Zhuo-Jia Chen Ge Zhang Xue-Ling Ou Xiang-Ling Yang Chris K. C. Wong John P. Giesy Jun Du Shou-Yi Chen 《PloS one》2012,7(10)
Background
The gene delivery vector for DNA-based therapy should ensure its transfection efficiency and safety for clinical application. The Micro-Linear vector (MiLV) was developed to improve the limitations of traditional vectors such as viral vectors and plasmids.Methods
The MiLV which contained only the gene expression cassette was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Its cytotoxicity, transfection efficiency in vitro and in vivo, duration of expression, pro-inflammatory responses and potential application for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive tumors were evaluated.Results
Transfection efficiency for exogenous genes transferred by MiLV was at least comparable with or even greater than their corresponding plasmids in eukaryotic cell lines. MiLV elevated the expression and prolonged the duration of genes in vitro and in vivo when compared with that of the plasmid. The in vivo pro-inflammatory response of MiLV group was lower than that of the plasmid group. The MEKK1 gene transferred by MiLV significantly elevated the sensitivity of B95-8 cells and transplanted tumor to the treatment of Ganciclovir (GCV) and sodium butyrate (NaB).Conclusions
The present study provides a safer, more efficient and stable MiLV gene delivery vector than plasmid. These advantages encourage further development and the preferential use of this novel vector type for clinical gene therapy studies. 相似文献19.
Ludmila A. Kasatkina Vitaliy P. Gumenyuk Eva M. Sturm Akos Heinemann Tytus Bernas Irene O. Trikash 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2018,1862(12):2701-2713
Background
Neurosecretion is the multistep process occurring in separate spatial and temporal cellular boundaries which complicates its comprehensive analysis. Most of the research are focused on one distinct stage of synaptic vesicle recycling. Here, we describe approaches for complex analysis of synaptic vesicle (SV) endocytosis and separate steps of exocytosis at the level of presynaptic bouton and highly purified SVs.Methods
Proposed fluorescence-based strategies and analysis of neurotransmitter transport provided the advantages in studies of exocytosis steps. We evaluated SV docking/tethering, their Ca2+-dependent fusion and release of neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate in two animal models.Results
Approaches enabled us to study: 1) endocytosis/Ca2+-dependent release of fluorescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) during stimulation of nerve terminals; 2) the action of levetiracetam, modulator of SV glycoprotein SV2, on fusion competence of SVs and stimulated release of GABA and glutamate; 3) impairments of several steps of neurosecretion under vitamin D3 deficiency.Conclusions
Our algorithm enabled us to verify the method validity for multidimensional analysis of SV turnover. By increasing SV docking and the size of readily releasable pool (RRP), levetiracetam is able to selectively enhance the stimulated GABA secretion in hippocampal neurons. Findings suggest that SV2 regulates RRP through impact on the number of docked/primed SVs.General significance
Methodology can be widely applied to study the stimulated neurosecretion in presynapse, regulation of SV docking, their Ca2+-dependent fusion with target membranes, quantitative analysis of expression of neuron-specific proteins, as well as for testing the efficiency of pre-selected designed neuroactive substances. 相似文献20.