人源细胞内物质转运调节分子ARFGAP1对细胞分泌功能的影响

 ARF GAP是重要的细胞内物质转运调节分子 .最近 ,在人胎肝 c DNA文库中发现一种新基因 ,其编码的氨基酸序列与大鼠的 ARF1 GAP有 32 %同源性 ,故将其命名为“ARFGAP1”.对ARFGAP1进行功能研究 ,利用分子克隆技术构建绿色荧光蛋白 (GFP) - ARFGAP1融合基因表达质粒 (p EGFP- C1 - ARFGAP1 ) ,经脂质体转染将其导入 COS- 7细胞瞬时表达 ,利用绿色荧光确定ARFGAP1的亚细胞定位 .结果显示 ,ARFGAP1位于细胞质部分 ,表达量高时 ,在核周高尔基体区聚集呈团块状或颗粒状 .构建真核表达质粒 pc DNA3.1 /myc- His- ARFGAP1 ,在 COS- 7细胞中表达 ,并用 ARFGAP1和分泌型碱性磷酸酶 (SEAP)真核表达质粒共同转染 COS- 7细胞 ,发现ARFGAP1在细胞中过表达能部分抑制 SEAP的分泌 .结果证明 ,ARFGAP1对细胞的物质转运和分泌功能有调节作用 .     

香菇转录本Unigene 10627过氧化物酶结构域的克隆表达及抗氧化活性研究

目的分析香菇C91-3转录本Unigene 10627基因的结构域,并对其进行诱导表达,初步探讨所得目的蛋白的抗氧化活性。方法将香菇C91-3菌丝体中总RNA提取出来,通过反转录获得cDNA文库,根据反转录结果,通过3′-RACE(Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends),5′-RACE技术扩增获取基因全长。通过生物信息学方法预测基因的结构域,利用PCR技术扩增该目的片段,将扩增产物连接到原核表达载体pET32a(+)上,采用热转化法转至E.coli Rosetta-gami(DE3)中进行诱导表达,对目的蛋白进行分离、纯化及鉴定。采用二苯代苦味酰自由基(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)法检测蛋白的抗氧化活性。结果成功获得基因全长,预测结果表明该基因具有染料脱色过氧化物酶结构域(DyP_Perox),双酶切结果证实目的片段成功插入,并通过诱导表达获得目的蛋白。结论目的蛋白成功表达,且具有抗氧化活性,为进一步研究其生物学活性提供基础。     

黄瓜花叶病毒互补型载体可与CP转基因发生重组

为了探讨利用黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)作为表达载体的可行性,克隆了山东株(SD)CMV RNA3的全长cDNA,并测定了全序列.采用定点突变的方法在衣壳蛋白(CP)基因起始密码子处改造出一个NsiⅠ位点.以绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因置换SD-CMV RNA3 cDNA的CP基因.将Fny株CMV RNA1,RNA2和嵌合SD-CMV RNA3的cDNA分别克隆在35 S启动子和终止子之间构建成表达载体.在烟草原生质体中验证了该表达载体可以表达GFP.然后将其接种到表达SD CP的转基因烟草上,试图构建成一个互补型载体.接种10d后,18棵植株中,有5棵的接种叶和其中1棵的系统叶上可检测到表达的GFP.然而1个月后,所有接种植株中都检测不到GFP.通过RT-PCR及序列分析,证实在互补系统中CMV载体与CP转基因发生了重组.上述结果对这种CMV互补型载体的可行性提出了质疑,同时也揭示了转CMV CP基因抗病毒植物的生物安全性中存在的新的问题.     

一个人类凋亡相关新基因TFAR15的cDNA克隆化与表达

运用cDNA RDA(cDNA Representationaldifferencesanalysis)的方法 ,已获得了在细胞因子依赖性红白血病细胞系TF 1中撤除GM CSF(Granulocytemacrophage colonystimulatingfactor)后表达增高的多个基因片段 ,其中一个经GenBank检索为新基因 .利用RACE (rapidamplificationofcDNAends)和EST (expressedsequencetags)重叠片段拼接的方法克隆了该基因的cDNA全长序列 ,命名该基因为TFAR1 5 (TF 1cellapoptosisrelatedgene 1 5 ) .TFAR1 5全长cDNA由 1 2 1 8个碱基组成 ,其分布十分广泛 .随着GM CSF的去除 ,TF 1细胞中TFAR1 5的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均有不同程度的增高 .体外活性研究发现 ,重组TFAR1 5蛋白片段可抑制人胚肾细胞 2 93的自然凋亡 .     

人肾小球系膜细胞纤溶酶原激活物抑制物cDNA克隆和高效表达

利用逆转录 聚合酶链式反应 (RT- PCR)方法 ,从中国正常人肾小球系膜细胞总RNA中扩增出人纤溶酶原激活物抑制物 (PAI 1 )基因cDNA编码区序列 ,并定向亚克隆至pUC1 9质粒 ,克隆的PAI -1cDNA去除了信号肽核苷酸序列并加入新的起始密码ATG ,编码区序列与文献报道的人内皮细胞PAI -1cDNA序列完全相同 .将PAI -1cDNA定向亚克隆至原核表达质粒 pBV2 2 0 ,构建了重组PAI -1基因表达质粒pBV2 2 0 PAI -1 ,在大肠杆菌中得到了高效表达 ,重组PAI -1蛋白表达占菌体总蛋白 45 % .Westernblotting检测 ,在分子量约为 43.0ku处出现一特异性蛋白质条带 .对形成包涵体的表达产物进行变复性处理及FPLC纯化 ,获得纯度 97%以上的潜伏态重组PAI -1 .经 4mol/L盐酸胍激活后 ,重组PAI- 1具有与天然PAI- 1同样的生物学活性 ,对尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物 (u- PA)具有显著抑制活性 .     

香菇C_(91-3)转录本Unigene8290基因结构域片段的克隆表达及其抗肿瘤活性初步研究

目的通过对香菇C91-3转录组进行筛选,并克隆表达含RCC1(染色体浓缩调控蛋白)和ANK(锚蛋白)结构域的Unigene8290基因,研究其抗肿瘤活性。方法从香菇C91-3菌丝体中提取总RNA,反转录合成cDNA,并利用Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends(RACE)技术获得基因全长。生物信息学分析其结构域。设计特有引物,采用PCR技术扩增该结构域,将其克隆产物与pET-32a(+)载体连接,热转化至E.coil Rosetta-gami(DE3)中诱导表达,纯化、复性后,通过MTT法研究其抗肿瘤活性。结果生物信息学显示Unigene8290基因具有RCC1和ANK结构域,琼脂糖凝胶电泳与测序结果显示Unigene8290基因的结构域片段与pET-32a(+)载体重组成功,SDS-PAGE与Western blot结果显示Unigene8290蛋白成功表达,MTT结果显示该重组融合蛋白对HepG2细胞生长具有明显的抑制作用,并且其抑制作用存在一定的时间和浓度依赖性。结论成功诱导Unigene8290的RCC1和ANK结构域蛋白表达,并初步鉴定其具有抑制HepG2肿瘤细胞增殖活性的功能。     

人ob基因克隆及其亚细胞定位的研究

目的:旨在克隆人肥胖(obese,ob)基因的全长cDNA序列,与EGFP重组构建融合蛋白表达载体,并分析其亚细胞水平的定位.方法:提取人脂肪细胞总RNA,采用RT-PCR方法扩增出人ob基因cDNA,并克隆至真核表达载体pEGFP-CI,重组质粒转染NIH-3T3细胞,荧光显微镜分析EGFP-ob融合蛋白的亚细胞定位.结果:克隆的ob基因cDNA为501bp,共编码167个氨基酸,与GenBank公布的人ob基因序列一致,荧光显微镜分析表明,重组的EGFP-ob融合蛋白主要分布于NIT-3T3的细胞质中.结论:成功克隆了人OB基因的cDNA序列,构建人OB基因的真核表达载体pEGFP-CI-ob,融合蛋白EGFP-ob定位于NIH-3T3细胞质中.     

人线粒体转录终止因子3基因RNA干扰表达载体的构建筛选与干扰效果评价

目的:构建人线粒体转录终止因子3(MTERF3)基因的短发夹RNA(shRNA)干扰表达载体,并在mRNA和蛋白质水平对其干扰效率进行验证,以检测和筛选出干扰效率最优的shRNA表达载体。方法:根据人MTERF3基因全长cDNA序列,利用Oligoengine在线软件设计4个shRNA序列,合成4条互补寡核苷酸链,退火成双链后克隆至psiU6.1载体,得到4个重组干扰质粒psi-MTERF3-1～psi-MTERF3-4,并通过PCR和DNA测序对其进行鉴定;将重组干扰质粒利用脂质体介导瞬时转染He La细胞,转染48 h后采用real time RT-PCR检测4个干扰质粒对MTERF3 mRNA表达水平的影响,采用Western印迹检测其对MTERF3蛋白表达水平的情况,并筛选出最有效的shRNA干扰质粒。结果:PCR鉴定和DNA测序鉴定证实重组质粒中已插入目的DNA序列;real time RT-PCR和Western印迹结果表明4个重组载体均可以显著降低人MTERF3基因mRNA和蛋白质的表达水平(P0.05),其中以pSi-MTERF3-4的干扰效率最优,对MTERF3 mRNA表达的抑制率为70.1%,对MTERF3蛋白表达的抑制率为72.2%。结论:在人宫颈癌He La细胞系筛选出有效干扰MTERF3基因表达的shRNA序列,构建了针对MTERF3基因的RNA干扰真核表达载体且能够有效抑制目的基因的表达,为进一步研究人MTERF3在宫颈癌发生发展中的作用机制提供了实验基础。     

瑞氏木霉EG I 3＇-UTR 对基因在酿酒酵母中表达的影响

将纤维素降解菌丝状真菌瑞氏木霉内切葡聚糖酶I(EGI)全长cDNA克隆于酿酒酵母H158中得到表达.重组酿酒酵母产生的EG Ⅰ的最适pH值为5.0,最适作用温度为50℃～60℃.EGI cDNA中的3＇-非翻译区(3＇-UTR)序列的删除导致EGI基因在酵母菌中没有活性产物表达.通过RT-PCR技术检测EGI mRNA转录水平的结果表明,带有3＇-UTR的EG[cDNA在酿酒酵母中具有明显的转录产物生成,但删除3＇-UTR之后的EG I cDNA却检测不到转录产物.这说明EG Ⅰ的3＇-UTR对基因在酵母菌中的表达具有重要作用.     

香菇C91-3转录本Unigene 24277基因克隆表达及其生物学活性的研究

通过对香菇C_91-3转录本Unigene 24277基因的生物信息学分析,克隆表达含RCC1结构域的Unigene 24277基因,并研究其抗肿瘤活性。从香菇C_91-3菌丝体中提取总RNA,反转录合成cDNA,并利用Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends（RACE）技术获得基因全长。NCBI数据库分析提示其含有RCC1结构域。PCR扩增RCC1结构域,将其克隆产物与pET-32a（+）载体连接,热转化至E.coil Rosetta-gami（DE3）中诱导表达,纯化、复性后,通过MTT法研究其抗肿瘤活性。结果显示原核表达载体构建成功,重组蛋白成功诱导表达,并初步证明了重组蛋白具有抑制肿瘤细胞增殖活性的功能,为后续抗肿瘤机制的探究奠定了基础。     

Characterization, chromosomal assignment, and tissue expression of a novel human gene belonging to the ARF GAP family

We have identified and characterized a novel human ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein (ARFGAP1) gene that is related to other members of the ARF GAP family. The full-length cDNA for human ARFGAP1 was cloned following the identification of an EST obtained by large-scale cDNA library sequencing through a Blast search of public databases. Structurally, ARFGAP1 encodes a polypeptide of 516 amino acids, which contained a typical GATA-1-type zinc finger motif (CXXCX(16)CXXC) with the four cysteine residues that are highly conserved among other members of the ARF GAP family. The conserved ARF GAP domain may emphasize the biological importance of this gene. The ARFGAP1 gene, which contained 16 exons ranging from 0.5 to 9.3 kb, was mapped to human chromosome 22q13.2-q13.3 using radiation hybridization and in silico analyses. ARFGAP1 is strongly expressed in endocrine glands and testis. Interestingly, the expression of ARFGAP1 in testis is about sixfold higher than that in ovary, indicating a possible role of ARFGAP1 in the physiological function of sperm. Expression of ARFGAP1 in four human fetal tissues and seven cancer cell lines was also detected.     

Functional characterization of novel human ARFGAP3

ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs) are critical in the vesicular trafficking pathway. ARF activity is controlled by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). We have identified recently a novel tentative ARF GAP derived from human fetal liver, ARFGAP3 (originally named as ARFGAP1). In the present study, we demonstrated that ARFGAP3 had GAP activity in vitro and remarked that the GAP activity of ARFGAP3 was regulated by phospholipids, i.e. phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphosphate as agonist and phosphatidylcholine as antagonist. ARFGAP3 is a predominantly cytosolic protein, and concentrated in the perinuclear region. Its transient ectopic overexpression in cultured mammalian cells reduced the constitutive secretion of secreted alkaline phosphatase, indicating that ectopic overexpression of ARFGAP3 inhibits the early secretory pathway of proteins in vivo. These results demonstrated that ARFGAP3 is a novel GAP for ARF1 and might be involved in intracellular traffic of proteins and vesicular transport as predicted.     

The non-catalytic carboxyl-terminal domain of ARFGAP1 regulates actin cytoskeleton reorganization by antagonizing the activation of Rac1

Background

The regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and membrane trafficking is coordinated in mammalian cells. One of the regulators of membrane traffic, the small GTP-binding protein ARF1, also activates phosphatidylinositol kinases that in turn affect actin polymerization. ARFGAP1 is a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for ARF1 that is found on Golgi membranes. We present evidence that ARFGAP1 not only serves as a GAP for ARF1, but also can affect the actin cytoskeleton.

Principal Findings

As cells attach to a culture dish foci of actin appear prior to the cells flattening and spreading. We have observed that overexpression of a truncated ARFGAP1 that lacks catalytic activity for ARF, called GAP273, caused these foci to persist for much longer periods than non-transfected cells. This phenomenon was dependent on the level of GAP273 expression. Furthermore, cell spreading after re-plating or cell migration into a previously scraped area was inhibited in cells transfected with GAP273. Live cell imaging of such cells revealed that actin-rich membrane blebs formed that seldom made protrusions of actin spikes or membrane ruffles, suggesting that GAP273 interfered with the regulation of actin dynamics during cell spreading. The over-expression of constitutively active alleles of ARF6 and Rac1 suppressed the effect of GAP273 on actin. In addition, the activation of Rac1 by serum, but not that of RhoA or ARF6, was inhibited in cells over-expressing GAP273, suggesting that Rac1 is a likely downstream effector of ARFGAP1. The carboxyl terminal 65 residues of ARFGAP1 were sufficient to produce the effects on actin and cell spreading in transfected cells and co-localized with cortical actin foci.

Conclusions

ARFGAP1 functions as an inhibitor upstream of Rac1 in regulating actin cytoskeleton. In addition to its GAP catalytic domain and Golgi binding domain, it also has an actin regulation domain in the carboxyl-terminal portion of the protein.     

前列腺素脱氢酶在大肠杆菌中的表达纯化及鉴定

15-羟基前列腺素脱氢酶（PGDH）属于抑癌基因,在多种肿瘤中表达缺失,在肿瘤的发生发展中起着重要作用。提取人正常大肠黏膜组织总RNA,利用RT-PCR方法扩增得到PGDH基因的编码序列,克隆入原核表达载体pBV220,测序鉴定正确后转化E.coli DH5α,经温控诱导表达,表达产物进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot,证实为相对分子质量约为29000的PGDH-His6蛋白,表达产物以包涵体形式存在,3h诱导表达量最高,约占菌体总蛋白的30%。经Ni2+配体亲和层析纯化得到纯度大于95%的目的蛋白。重组PGDH简单复性后具有一定的生物活性,约为3.7×104U/mg,为下一步研究其在肿瘤中的作用奠定了基础。     

Differential RNA interference: replacement of endogenous with recombinant low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)

The interpretation of experiments involving the overexpression of a recombinant cDNA is often hampered by the interference of mRNA expression from the endogenous gene locus. Unless cell lines from naturally occurring mutations or knockout mice are available, difficult and time-consuming gene targeting techniques are required to inhibit endogenous gene expression. Using a method we refer to as "differential RNA interference" we demonstrate that RNA interference can be used to selectively suppress endogenous gene expression without affecting the expression of a co-transfected recombinant version of the same protein. Functional analyses of recombinant low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) to study its involvement in lipid metabolism have been shown to be extremely difficult due to its large cDNA and the unavailability of suitable LRP-deficient cell lines. We constructed an expression vector containing the full-length coding sequence of human LRP fused to EGFP and a vector expressing small hairpin RNA directed against the 3'-untranslated region of the wild-type human LRP mRNA (LRP-shRNA). When overexpressed, EGFP-tagged LRP colocalizes with endogenous LRP and stimulates the uptake of LRP ligands. Overexpression of LRP-shRNA vectors significantly inhibits LRP expression, as judged by quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis, and it dramatically decreases receptor-associated protein (RAP) uptake. Finally, co-transfection of EGFP-LRP and LRP-shRNA vectors demonstrates selective inhibition of endogenous LRP expression without affecting simultaneous expression of recombinant LRP protein. Thus, utilization of "differential RNA interference" provides a new experimental approach to selectively study the function of any recombinant protein in any given cell line without interference of endogenous protein expression.