抗菌肽BuforinⅡ衍生物抑制大肠杆菌大分子合成的研究

【目的】研究抗菌肽BuforinⅡ的衍生物BF2-A/B作用大肠杆菌后对胞内生物大分子合成的影响。【方法】紫外分光光度法检测抗菌肽对细胞DNA、RNA合成能力的影响, 考马斯亮蓝法检测抗菌肽对细胞总蛋白合成能力的影响, 分别用邻硝基苯-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷法和对硝基苯磷酸二钠法检测抗菌肽对β-半乳糖苷酶及碱性磷酸酶表达活性的影响。【结果】BF2-A/B不优先抑制DNA合成, 而是优先抑制RNA和蛋白的合成。在相同浓度下, BF2-B抑制RNA合成的能力比BF2-A强, BF2-A抑制蛋白合成的能力比BF2-B强。胞内酶β-半乳糖苷酶和碱性磷酸酶的表达活性都在下降。【结论】BF2-A/B结合胞内核酸后, 没有首先影响DNA的复制功能, 而是优先抑制基因转录功能, 主要在转译水平上抑制蛋白的合成。     

表达β-半乳糖苷酶的gal B16肿瘤模型的建立及其在肿瘤DNA疫苗研究中的应用

本文工作的目的是建立以β-半乳糖苷酶为标志性抗原的小鼠黑色素瘤模型,并进行肿瘤免疫的研究.我们首先在pcDNA3质粒中引入一个β-半乳糖苷酶编码基因从而建立转染质粒p3gal.p3gal转染小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16后,再通过G418筛选及X-Gal细胞染色得到表达β-半乳糖苷酶的galB16细胞株.接着用该细胞株成功地在C57小鼠上建立了表达β-半乳糖苷酶的galB16肿瘤模型.并在此模型上观察了β-半乳糖苷酶编码基因作为DNA疫苗抑制galB16肿瘤生长的作用.     

表达β-半乳糖苷酶的gal B16肿瘤模型的建立及其在肿瘤DNA疫苗研究中的应用

本文工作的目的是建立以β-半乳糖苷酶为标志性抗原的小鼠黑色素瘤模型,并进行肿瘤免疫的研究。我们首先在pcDNA3质粒中引入一个β-半乳糖苷酶编码基因从而建立转染质粒p3gal。p3gal转染小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16后,再通过G418筛选及X-Gal细胞染色得到表达β-半乳糖苷酶的gal B16细胞株。接着用该细胞株成功地在C57小鼠上建立了表达β-半乳糖苷酶的gal B16肿瘤模型。并在此模型上观察了β-半乳糖苷酶编码基因作为DNA疫苗抑制gal B16肿瘤生长的作用。     

天蚕素A-马盖宁杂合肽对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌机制的研究

【目的】研究天蚕素A-马盖宁杂合肽对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)DNA作用的抑菌机制。【方法】利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)、凝胶阻滞分析、紫外光谱分析、荧光光谱分析的方法。【结果】天蚕素A-马盖宁杂合肽对MRSA的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为64 mg/L,杂合肽可以在细菌胞内形成累积,并能与体外基因组DNA发生结合作用。同时杂合肽可以引起DNA构象的改变,荧光光谱分析结果表明杂合肽能与溴化乙锭(EB)竞争性地嵌入基因组DNA中,作用方式类似于EB与DNA的结合方式,杂合肽与DNA的结合表现为混合式作用方式。【结论】天蚕素A-马盖宁进入细菌胞内,与MRSA基因组DNA结合,并以混合式作用方式与DNA发生了结合,通过胞内靶向机制发挥抑菌作用。     

碳源对K.fragilis LFS-8611β-D-半乳糖苷酶合成的影响

探讨了碳源对脆壁克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces fragilis)LFS-8611生长、β-D-半乳糖苷酶合成的影响及碳源对该酶合成的诱导作用。脆壁克鲁维酵母(K,fragilis)LFS-8611生长与β-D-半乳糖苷酶合成同步。该菌株生长和产酶的最适碳源为半乳糖,乳糖次之。菌体生物量和酶活力随着培养基中乳糖浓度的增加而增加,乳糖浓度为12mg／mL,菌体生物量和酶活力达到峰值,分别为5．84g／L、19,12U／mL。半乳糖和乳糖对β-D-半乳糖苷酶合成具有诱导作用。诱导物浓度对β-D-半乳糖苷酶的诱导合成有较大影响。半乳糖诱导以山梨醇为碳源预培养的K．fragilis LFS-8611细胞合成β-D-半乳糖苷酶的最适浓度为10mg／mL。     

粉纹夜蛾新细胞克隆株Tn5B-40的研究(英文)

从Tn5B1-4细胞系中克隆并筛选出了新克隆株Tn5B-40,测定分析结果表明,该克隆株对病毒(AcNPV)的敏感性和生长特性与原始细胞无显著差异,但在重组蛋白表达方面,无论对β-半乳糖苷酶还是碱性磷酸酶都明显地高于野生型细胞系,其中β-半乳糖苷酶在第6天的表达为原始细胞株的2倍,碱性磷酸酶的表达在第9天最高为原始细胞株的1.4倍。因此,该细胞是一株高产病毒和高表达重组蛋白的新克隆株。     

二环素对大肠杆菌蛋白质合成的选择性作用

二环素(以下简称BCM)抑制大肠杆菌15THU和K12 JE1011的生长,而且有杀菌作用。当氯毒素(以下简称CAP)加到经BCM处理的细胞培养液中时,BCM的杀菌作用消失,仅出现CAP单独处理时那样的静菌作用。由于培养液中缺乏磷酸而诱导合成的碱性磷酸酶(以下简称磷酸酶)以及在同一培养液中加进异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(1PTG)而诱导合成的p一半乳糖苷酶(以下简称β一酶)均明显地受到BCM的阻遏作用。     

β-半乳糖苷酶的筛选、克隆表达、酶学性质及其酶法合成低聚半乳糖

采用人工底物邻硝基苯酚-β-D-半乳糖苷(o NPG)为筛选标记,从耐有机溶剂微生物菌库中,筛选出具有较高水解活性的β-半乳糖苷酶产生菌,再以乳糖为底物考察菌株低聚半乳糖的合成性能,筛选得到1株产β-半乳糖苷酶的Erwinia billingiae WX1。根据Gen Bank中相同属种的基因组序列推测β-半乳糖苷酶基因,克隆得到β-半乳糖苷酶基因gal,并在大肠杆菌中实现了来源于Erwinia billingiae菌β-半乳糖苷酶的克隆表达。该基因的开放阅读框(ORF)为1 428 bp,编码475个氨基酸,理论相对分子质量为5.2×104。镍柱法分离纯化得到电泳纯的β-半乳糖苷酶GAL,其酶学性质研究表明最适催化温度55℃,最适p H 7.0;Mg~(2+)、Mn~(2+)对该酶起较强促进作用,EDTA对该酶抑制作用较强。利用β-半乳糖苷酶GAL的转糖基作用,以乳糖为底物合成低聚半乳糖,初步优化的反应条件:底物乳糖质量浓度400 g/L,每克乳糖添加酶量1.0 U,在40℃反应16 h后,低聚半乳糖合成率达到34%(质量分数),显示了较好的开发前景。     

大肠杆菌严谨型RNA聚合酶的筛选及体内转录活性测定

利用选择性培养基筛选大肠杆菌自然突变菌株,经噬菌体P1转导和蛋白质互补试验,发现一株突变体(LCH001)的突变基因发生在编码RNA聚合酶β′亚基的rpoC基因上,经DNA序列分析,发现突变位点发生在第3406个碱基上,由G变成了T,导致编码的氨基酸由甘氨酸(GGT)变成半胱氨酸(TGT)。体内转录试验表明该突变RNA聚合酶转录严谨型启动子控制基因的活性显著降低,其β-半乳糖苷酶的活性是野生型菌株的18%,而转录非严谨型启动子控制基因的活性显著提高,其β-半乳糖苷酶的活性约是野生型菌株的5倍。研究结果对探讨RNA聚合酶结构与功能的关系以及RNA聚合酶在细菌严谨反应过程中的作用具有重要意义。     

微生物源α-半乳糖苷酶的研究进展

介绍了微生物源α-半乳糖苷酶的生理生化特性、合成调控机制的研究进展情况及其在食品、饲料、医药工业等领域的一些应用。Α-半乳糖苷酶均是糖蛋白,不同来源的α-半乳糖苷酶的作用基质特异性差别较大,作用基质特异性差别是由蛋白质部分N-末端氨基酸序列决定的。不同微生物来源的α-半乳糖苷酶其最佳作用条件、pH稳定性及耐热性差异较大。微生物α-半乳糖苷酶是一种诱导酶,其合成受多个基因的调控,高浓度的葡萄糖能抑制其合成。     

Systematic significance of mature embryo of bamboos

The mature embryo of seven species belonging to five genera of Indian bamboos is described. In all these the basic pattern of embryo organisation is same: the scutellar and coleoptilar bundles are not separated by an internode, the epiblast is absent, the lower portion of the scutellum and the coleorhiza are separated by a cleft and the margins of embryonic leaves overlap. The features unique to fleshy fruited bamboos are: presence of a massive scutellum, the juxtaposition of plumule and radicle and the occurrence of a bud in the axil of the coleoptile. The fleshy fruit bearing bamboos should be classified into one group, the tribeMelocanneae. Evidence is provided to recognise additional groups in the subfamilyBambusoideae.     

Taxonomic status of the species of the green algal genusNeochloris

Komárek has recently reviewed the various species assigned to the green algal genusNeochloris Starr (Chlorococcales, Chlorococcaceae) and removed those with uninucleate vegetative cells to a new genus,Ettlia. Watanabe & Floyd, unaware ofKomárek's work, also reviewed the species ofNeochloris and distributed them among three genera—Neochloris, Chlorococcopsis gen. nov., andParietochloris gen. nov.—on the basis of details of the covering of the zoospore and the arrangement of the basal bodies of the flagellar apparatus. This paper reconciles these two treatments and makes additional recommendations at the ranks of genus, family, order, and class.     

Phylogeny of cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Apogonidae) and the evolution of visceral bioluminescence

The cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) are a diverse clade of small, mostly reef-dwelling fishes, for which a variety of morphological data have not yielded a consistent phylogeny. We use DNA sequence to hypothesize phylogenetic relationships within Apogonidae and among apogonids and other acanthomorph families, to examine patterns of evolution including the distribution of a visceral bioluminescence system. In conformance with previous studies, Apogonidae is placed in a clade with Pempheridae, Kurtidae, Leiognathidae, and Gobioidei. The apogonid genus Pseudamia is recovered outside the remainder of the family, not as sister to the superficially similar genus Gymnapogon. Species sampled from the Caribbean and Western Atlantic (Phaeoptyx, Astrapogon, and some Apogon species) form a clade, as do the larger-bodied Glossamia and Cheilodipterus. Incidence of visceral bioluminescence is found scattered throughout the phylogeny, independently for each group in which it is present. Examination of the fine structure of the visceral bioluminescence system through histology shows that light organs exhibit a range of morphologies, with some composed of complex masses of tubules (Siphamia, Pempheris, Parapriacanthus) and others lacking tubules but containing chambers formed by folds of the visceral epithelium (Acropoma, Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia). Light organs in Siphamia, Acropoma, Pempheris and Parapriacanthus are distinct from but connected to the gut; those in Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia are simply portions of the intestinal tract, and are little differentiated from the surrounding tissues. The presence or absence of symbiotic luminescent bacteria does not correlate with light organ structure; the tubular light organs of Siphamia and chambered tubes of Acropoma house bacteria, those in Pempheridae and the other Apogonidae do not.     

Host plants of someRhinanthoideae (Scrophulariaceae) of eastern North America

Twenty three species in 11 genera were examined in the field to determine hosts. OnlyStriga asiatica andSeymeria cassioides have a narrow host range being restricted to grasses and pines, respectively. These are the only species which cause pronounced and sometimes serious host damage. The other species attach to a great diversity of hosts.     

Apoptotic Regulation of Caspase Activity

Intracellular cysteine aspartate-specific proteases (caspases) play both signaling and effector roles in realizing the program of cell death. Caspases function as proteolytic cascades unique for each cell type and signal triggering apoptosis. All parts of the proteolytic cascades are duplicated and controlled by feedback signals. Amplification cycles between pairs of caspases (the third and the sixth, the ninth and the third, the twelfth and the sixth, and others) help multiply the initial apoptotic signal. The presence of physiological inhibitors of apoptosis that directly interact with caspases creates a multilevel regulatory network of apoptosis in cell. The caspase proteolytic cascades are also regulated by sphingolipid secondary messengers, among them ceramide, sphingosine, and their phosphates. Moreover, an association of the caspase signaling with ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis is shown in cells. In particular, the use of extracellular activators and inhibitors of caspases allows irreversible activation of apoptosis in tumor cells or the prevention of apoptosis in cortical neurons under neurodegenerative diseases.     

Analysis of twin of eyeless regulation during early embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster

The Drosophila Pax6 homolog twin of eyeless (toy) is so far the first zygotically expressed gene involved in eye morphogenesis in Drosophila. The study of its expression during embryogenesis is therefore informative of the initial events of eye development in Drosophila. We have analyzed how the initial expression domain of toy at cellular blastoderm is regulated. We show that the three maternal patterning systems active in the cephalic region (the anterior, terminal and dorsal-ventral systems) cooperate with zygotically activated gap genes to shape the initial expression domain of toy. Whereas Bicoid, Dorsal and Torso signaling synergistically act as activators, Hunchback, Knirps and Decapentaplegic act as repressors.     

A molecular phylogeny of Hebeloma species from Europe

In order to widen the scope of existing phylogenies of the ectomycorrhizal agaric genus Hebeloma a total of 53 new rDNA ITS sequences from that genus was generated, augmented by sequences retrieved from GenBank, and analysed using Bayesian, strict consensus and neighbour joining methods. The lignicolous Hebelomina neerlandica, Gymnopilus penetrans, and two species of Galerina served as outgroup taxa. Anamika indica, as well as representatives of the genera Hymenogaster and Naucoria, were included to test the monophyly of Hebeloma, which is confirmed by the results. Hebeloma, Naucoria, Hymenogaster and Anamika indica cluster in a strongly supported monophyletic hebelomatoid clade. All trees largely reflect the current infrageneric classification within Hebeloma, and divide the genus into mostly well-supported monophyletic groups surrounding H. crustuliniforme, H. velutipes, H. sacchariolens, H. sinapizans, and H. radicosum, with H. sarcophyllum being shown at an independent position; however this is not well supported. The section Indusiata divides with strong support into three groups, the position of the pleurocystidiate Hebeloma cistophilum suggests the possible existence of a third subsection within sect. Indusiata. Subsection Sacchariolentia is raised to the rank of section.     

New species of Peruvian Orchidaceae III

Sixteen new species are proposed in the generaAckermania, Dressleria, Epidendrum, Maxillaria, Oncidium, Rodriguezia, Sigmatostalix, andTrigonidium. All new species are illustrated.Maxillaria vittariifolia L. O. Williams is newly recorded for Peru. A key is provided forTrigonidium of Peru.Trigonidium loretoense Schltr. andT. peruvianum Schltr. are lectotypified.     

Interaction of Synthetic Analogues of Natural Chalcones and Flavones with Guanidine

The reaction of chalcones and flavones with guanidine in ethanol results in 2-(2-aminopyrimidinyl-4)-phenols.