家蝇幼虫抗菌肽对铜绿假单胞菌感染小鼠创面的抗菌活性

通过超声处理诱导家蝇幼虫产生抗菌肤,观察抗菌肤对铜绿假单胞菌感染小鼠创面的抗菌作用.超声处理诱导家蝇幼虫产生抗菌肽,经分离纯化后,体外试验分析抗菌肽的抑菌特性.结果表明,术后对照组小鼠相比其他两组活动减少,且3组白细胞计数均减少.14 d后对照组存活率为30%,明显少于磺胺米隆组90%(P＜0.05)和抗菌肽组80%(P＜0.05).对照组小鼠的重量在第6 d开始下降,明显少于其他两组(P＜0.05).而无菌对照组无死亡,重量持续增加.因此,超声处理能诱导家蝇幼虫产生抗菌肽,其对铜绿假单胞菌感染的ICR小鼠创面有较强抗感染作用.能明显增加其存活率.     

铜绿假单胞菌生物膜研究进展

生物膜（biofilm,BF）是细菌为了适应生存环境的需要而形成的与浮游细胞相对应的生存形式,是细菌生来具有的本领。不同的细菌形成生物膜的能力是不同的,铜绿假单胞菌极易形成生物膜,临床许多生物医学材料相关感染和某些慢性顽固性感染性疾病都与之密切相关,在生物膜中的细菌不仅耐抗生素还可耐抗体的杀菌作用,危害性严重。     

铜绿假单胞菌超微结构观察

铜绿假单胞菌超微结构观察佳木斯医学院附一院感染科１５４００２高庆伟郭丽曼齐淑芳邱守义佳木斯医学院微生态学教研室杨景云华西医科大学传染科黄安华曹钟梁雷秉钧ＰＡ做为呼吸道感染的重要条件致病菌,广泛分布于自然界,亦常存在于上呼吸道、肠道、皮肤等处。可以通过...     

铜绿假单胞菌czcCBA基因与生物修复

铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aerugionsa)的外排泵系统RND是它产生耐重金属离子胁迫的一个重要原因。阐述了编码RND外排泵czcCBA基因的作用机制,以期为下一步工作奠定基础。     

抗菌肽人beta防御素3 对铜绿假单胞菌PAO-1 株的抑制作用

目的:分析抗菌肽人β防御素3(humanβdefensin 3,hBD3)对铜绿假单胞菌PAO-1株的抑制作用。方法:合成抗菌肽hBD3,分别通过最低抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)检测、直接杀菌试验、重要功能基因检测分析其对PAO-1的直接抑制作用;并将其与阿奇霉素、四环素、利福平、氯霉素、链霉素、环丙沙星联合施用,观察对抗生素MIC的影响。结果:HBD3对PAO-1的MIC为32μg/mL;在浓度达到8μg/mL时即有明显杀菌作用。HBD3上调PAO-1株的ahpF基因表达,下调aprA和rhlR基因表达。在联用5μg/mL的hBD3后,四环素、利福平、氯霉素、链霉素、环丙沙星的MIC值均有降低。结论:抗菌肽hBD3对铜绿假单胞菌PAO-1株有显著的抑制作用。     

下呼吸道感染耐环丙沙星铜绿假单胞菌的分布与耐药性

目的了解耐环丙沙星铜绿假单胞菌的流行情况,分析耐环丙沙星铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性,比较耐环丙沙星铜绿假单胞菌与环丙沙星敏感铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性差异。方法选择贵阳医学院第三附属医院2011年6月至2014年11月下呼吸道感染标本中分离出的231株耐环丙沙星铜绿假单胞菌与环丙沙星敏感铜绿假单胞菌,按照《全国临床检验操作规程》进行微生物病原菌鉴定。采用Kirby-Bauer琼脂扩散法进行药敏试验,结果使用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果下呼吸道感染标本中共分离出铜绿假单胞菌231株,其中耐环丙沙星铜绿假单胞菌检出率25.54%。从科室分布看,神经外科分离率最高,占47.46%,其次ICU、呼吸内科与消化内科分别占18.64%、13.56%、10.17%;下呼吸道感染耐环丙沙星铜绿假单胞菌菌株与环丙沙星敏感铜绿假单胞菌菌株对头孢曲松、阿米卡星、亚胺培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦等19种抗菌药物的耐药率分别为95.65%,71.83%;42.86%,7.69%;17.39%,2.70%;33.33%,11.02%;22.22%,8.00%。下呼吸道感染耐环丙沙星铜绿假单胞菌菌株耐药率明显高于环丙沙星敏感铜绿假单胞菌菌株,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论耐环丙沙星铜绿假单胞菌表现为多重耐药性,给临床治疗带来很大的困难。因此严格掌握抗菌药物的选用是延缓病原菌对抗菌药物耐药的有效方法。     

铜绿假单胞菌医院感染调查及耐药分析

目的探讨铜绿假单胞菌(PA)医院感染的临床分布及耐药性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物及控制医院感染提供依据。方法 PA的培养与鉴定严格按照《全国临床检验操作规程》进行。药敏试验采用纸片扩散法(K-B法)。结果收集的359株PA中,分离率居前3位的临床科室依次为ICU、呼吸内科和神经内科,分别占38.1%、17.5%和13.9%;临床标本中以呼吸道标本分离率最高,占62.7%;PA对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的耐药率最低(9.7%),其次为阿米卡星(13.1%)和头孢他啶(17.8%),另12种抗菌药物的耐药率均较高。结论 PA耐药性已十分严重,临床应根据药敏结果合理使用抗菌药物并加强对细菌耐药性的全面监测。     

铜绿假单胞菌的双组分系统

双组分系统是存在于原核和少部分真核生物细胞中的信号转导系统,主要由组氨酸蛋白激酶和反应调节蛋白组成,通过感应外界环境信号、信号输入、磷酸基团传递、信号输出等环节调节基因表达,使细胞能更加适应环境变化。铜绿假单胞菌为条件致病菌,其双组分系统构成多样、功能复杂且参与介导耐药性产生,因此铜绿假单胞菌的双组分系统日益引起人们关注。本文对铜绿假单胞菌双组分系统的组成、信号转导机制、种类、研究方法及其临床意义进行了综述。     

铜绿假单胞菌医院感染分布及耐药性分析

目的探讨铜绿假单胞菌临床分离株的感染分布情况及其抗生素的耐药情况,指导临床合理用药。方法对我院2006年1月至2008年6月住院患者分离的铜绿假单胞菌进行抗生素敏感性测定,采用API系统及VITEK2系统进行细菌鉴定,用K-B法进行药敏试验及结果观察。结果216例院内感染铜绿假单胞菌病例中,从痰标本中分离的菌株最多,阳性率为45．4％;铜绿假单胞菌对头孢噻肟、复方新诺明、头孢哌酮的耐药率较高,分别为88％、86．1％和85．2％,对美洛培南的敏感性最高达到94％。结论铜绿假单胞菌是医院病原菌感染的主要致病菌之一,加强细菌和药敏监测,选择敏感性强的药物,避免广谱抗菌药物的长期应用,是延缓耐药菌株增加的有效办法。     

绿脓杆菌外毒素A的结构、功能及其重组毒素

绿脓杆菌外毒素A有三个结构功能区.氨基端区(Ⅰ)通过关键位点Lys57结合靶细胞表面受体.中心区(Ⅱ)负责该毒素的跨膜转位功能,Arg276和Arg279是关键位点.在胞吞泡内此毒素于Arg279与Gly280间酶解成28 000和37 000两片段.羧基端区(Ⅲ)所在的37 000片段由其末端氨基酸序列REDLK介导到内质网再转位入胞浆通过Glu553位点结合NAD⁺使延伸因子-2受ADP-核糖基化而抑制细胞蛋白质合成导致细胞死亡.改造的毒素基因同识别蛋白基因融合成的重组毒素有应用前景.     

绿脓杆菌对鲎素耐受性特点及耐受性机制的研究

【目的】为了探讨鲎素作为抗菌药物在临床使用中的安全性问题,通过鲎素连续增高浓度法对绿脓杆菌进行耐受性诱导,并对其耐受性机制进行初步研究,以期为鲎素的广泛应用提供理论依据。【方法】绿脓杆菌ATCC27853为试验菌株,通过连续增高浓度诱导法筛选抗药菌株,并通过抗药稳定性、交叉抗药性、抗药性代偿测定来探究其耐受性特点,通过对其胞外蛋白酶活性、生物膜形成、胞外多糖含量的变化来探讨其抗药性机制。【结果】通过连续增高鲎素浓度法对原始菌株进行30多代诱导后,绿脓杆菌ATCC27853对鲎素的MIC值逐渐增高,80多代时产生了明显抗药性。抗药菌株对丁胺卡那以及pexiganan、鲎素同源肽tachyplesin III、polyphemusin I均能产生不同程度的抗药性。在无药培养基中抗药菌株以更长的延滞期作为抗药性代偿,但在有药培养基中具有更短的延滞期和更大的生长速率。抗药菌株较原始菌株分泌的胞外蛋白酶活性增高,并能降低鲎素的抗菌活性。在同样条件下抗药菌株较原始菌株胞外多糖含量增高,更易形成生物膜。【结论】在长期选择压力下绿脓杆菌ATCC27853对鲎素能产生抗药性,其抗药性机制可能与生物膜形成、胞外蛋白酶失活鲎素有关。关于细菌对鲎素的抗药性机制,有待进一步研究。     

PHAMCL biosynthesis systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida strains show differences on monomer specificities

The production of PHA from plant oils by Pseudomonas species soil isolated from a sugarcane crop was evaluated. Out of 22 bacterial strains three were able to use efficiently plant oils to grow and to accumulate PHA. Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains produced PHA presenting differences on monomer composition compatible with variability on monomer specificity of their PHA biosynthesis system. The molar fraction of 3-hydroxydodecanoate detected in the PHA was linearly correlated to the oleic acid supplied. A non-linear relationship between the molar fractions of 3-hydroxy-6-dodecenoate (3HDdΔ₆) detected in PHA and the linoleic acid supplied was observed, compatible with saturation in the biosynthesis system capability to channel intermediate of β-oxidation to PHA synthesis. Although P. putida showed a higher 3HDdΔ₆ yield from linoleic acid when compared to P. aeruginosa, in both species it was less than 10% of the maximum theoretical value. These results contribute to the knowledge about the biosynthesis of PHA with a controlled composition from plant oils allowing in the future establishing the production of these polyesters as tailor-made polymers.     

基于16S rRNA和rpoB基因的分子系统发育分析在铜绿假单胞菌鉴定中的应用

为对比16S rRNA和rpo B基因分子系统发育分析与传统表型分类法对铜绿假单胞菌的鉴定,评估16S rRNA和rpo B基因序列分析在铜绿假单胞菌鉴定中的应用,用表型分类方法对临床自动微生物鉴定系统鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌的23株分离株进行再鉴定,PCR扩增23株分离株16S rRNA和rpo B基因片段,并测序进行系统发育分析。结果表明,表型再鉴定结果与自动微生物鉴定系统鉴定结果一致。基于两个基因的系统发育分析均显示分离株p22与不动杆菌属序列聚为一枝,其余22株分离株与铜绿假单胞菌序列聚为一枝。因此p22应鉴定为不动杆菌,16S rRNA和rpo B基因序列分析均能准确鉴定铜绿假单胞菌并能较好建立假单胞菌属内种间关系。     

绿脓杆菌螯铁蛋白分泌及其对铜绿假单胞菌NY3降解烃类的影响作用

为研究铜绿假单胞菌NY3胞外分泌物PCH对菌体自身及其对烃类降解的作用,对PCH影响烃类降解的效率及机理进行研究。分别以NY3菌降解烃类污染物的无机盐培养基和M9培养基为例,研究PCH含量对NY3菌降解十六烷活性的影响。结果表明,PCH分泌量与对NY3菌生长量及其对十六烷的比降解率呈负相关。将PCH加入到NY3菌降解十六烷体系中,发现少量PCH对NY3菌生长及其十六烷降解效率有促进作用,PCH浓度超过5.2 mg/L时,十六烷降解率及菌体的生长明显被抑制。进一步研究发现,PCH浓度过高会对NY3菌自身造成一定损害,抑制NY3菌烷氧化酶活性,同时增强降解体系中自由基信号强度,从而导致细胞对十六烷降解能力下降,同时使细胞大量死亡。该研究结果表明,使用NY3菌修复石油烃污染物过程中应严格控制PCH分泌量,为NY3菌在石油烃修复的应用提供参考。     

抑制铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成的乳杆菌筛选及机制初探

筛选得到对慢性创面中铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)生物膜形成具有抑制作用的乳杆菌(Loctobacillus)。测定不同种乳杆菌对铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌双菌生物膜量、生长及群体感应信号分子AI-2的影响，并采用主成分分析和菌株特性综合分析确定效果最佳的菌株，最后通过荧光定量PCR的方式探究该菌株对生物膜和群体感应相关基因表达的影响。结果表明，植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、卷曲乳杆菌(Loctobacillus crispatus)、嗜酸乳杆菌(Loctobacillus acidophilus)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(Loctobacillus rhamnosus)、瑞士乳杆菌(Loctobacillus helveticus)、短乳杆菌(Loctobacilkus brevis)具有不同程度的抑菌、抑制生物膜形成的能力，且同种不同株的乳杆菌抑制生物膜形成的能力也有所差异。其中，植物乳杆菌CCFM233产生的AI-2信号分子较多，具有良好的抑菌能力，可使致病菌生物膜形成量降低，铜绿假单胞菌的LasR和rhlI基因表达水平和金黄色葡萄球菌的SarA基因表达水平显著下调。本研究旨在揭示植物乳杆菌CCFM233具有抗铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌感染的潜力，为其应用于慢性创面敷料提供参考。     

Expression and activation of an esterase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1001 in Escherichia coli

An expression vector was constructed to overproduce a maltose binding protein (MBP)-esterase fusion protein in Escherichia coli. Soluble fusion protein was separated by centrifugation after cell disruption. The fusion protein was partially purified with amylose resin. The higher concentration of fusion protein (above 2 mg/ml) did not show any activity but about 0.3 mg/ml of fusion protein had the highest activity (142 U/ml). It is due to the difficulty of contact between substrate and active site of enzyme in compact form at high concentration. The fusion protein over-expressed could not be separated into MBP and esterase by the action of protease ‘Factor Xa’. The esterase could be cleaved from MBP fusion protein by the treatment of SDS with the Factor Xa, and the resulting esterase activity was increased to 34% after cleavage.     

Mutations affecting regulation of the anabolic argF and the catabolic aru genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO

Summary The nucleotide sequence required for a fully functional promoter and operator of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa argF gene (argF _po), the arginine-repressible gene for anabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase, was defined within a 160 by region. The streptomycin (Sm) resistance genes strAB of plasmid RSF1010 were fused to argF _po. This construct in P. aeruginosa strain PAO conferred resistance to Sm. Mutants of strain PAO were selected which were resistant to Sm in the presence of arginine due to constitutive expression of argF _po —strAB. These mutants were designated argR. They were unable to grow or grew poorly on arginine or ornithine as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. This growth defect (Aru^–/Oru^– phenotype) was correlated with a reduced level of N-succinylornithine aminotransferase, an enzyme participating in the major aerobic pathway for arginine and ornithine catabolism in this organism. The argR mutants were classified into four groups by transduction analysis and three argR mutations were mapped on the PAO chromosome. argR9901 and argR9902 were co-transducible with car-9 (at 1 min) and thus close to the oru-310 locus; argR9906 was localized in the oruI (=aru) gene cluster (67 min). Some aru mutants, which have been isolated previously and which produce very low amounts of all enzymes in the arginine succinyltransferase pathway, were unable to repress the argF gene in an arginine medium. Thus, P. aeruginosa PAO appears to have multiple genes that are involved in the regulation of both the anabolic argF and the catabolic aru genes.Abbreviations Arg^– arginine auxotrophy - Aru arginine utilization - Oru ornithine utilization     

Use of resazurin to detect mefloquine as an efflux-pump inhibitor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli

Multi-drug-resistant bacteria can cause serious infections that are extremely difficult to treat. Bacterial efflux pumps are known to contribute to multi-drug resistance and, thus, constitute a promising target for novel antibacterial agents. Resazurin is widely used to monitor bacterial growth because resazurin is reduced to the fluorescent resorufin by live cells. We have shown by flow cytometric analysis and by accumulation studies with wild type and efflux deficient strains that resazurin is a substrate of efflux pumps in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our investigations showed that the conversion rate of resazurin to resorufin is affected by efflux pumps. This finding was used to design an assay useful to detect efflux pump activity and to find potential efflux-pump inhibitors in a microtiter plate format. Mefloquine was detected as efflux-pump inhibitor when a panel of selected chemical compounds was tested for assay validation purposes.