Diurnal, seasonal and annual variation in net ecosystem CO2 exchange of an alpine shrubland on Qinghai-Tibetan plateau

Thus far, grassland ecosystem research has mainly been focused on low‐lying grassland areas, whereas research on high‐altitude grassland areas, especially on the carbon budget of remote areas like the Qinghai‐Tibetan plateau is insufficient. To address this issue, flux of CO₂ were measured over an alpine shrubland ecosystem (37°36′N, 101°18′E; 325 above sea level [a. s. l.]) on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, China, for 2 years (2003 and 2004) with the eddy covariance method. The vegetation is dominated by formation Potentilla fruticosa L. The soil is Mol–Cryic Cambisols. To interpret the biotic and abiotic factors that modulate CO₂ flux over the course of a year we decomposed net ecosystem CO₂ exchange (NEE) into its constituent components, and ecosystem respiration (R_eco). Results showed that seasonal trends of annual total biomass and NEE followed closely the change in leaf area index. Integrated NEE were ?58.5 and ?75.5 g C m^?2, respectively, for the 2003 and 2004 years. Carbon uptake was mainly attributed from June, July, August, and September of the growing season. In July, NEE reached seasonal peaks of similar magnitude (4–5 g C m^?2 day^?1) each of the 2 years. Also, the integrated night‐time NEE reached comparable peak values (1.5–2 g C m^?2 day^?1) in the 2 years of study. Despite the large difference in time between carbon uptake and release (carbon uptake time < release time), the alpine shrubland was carbon sink. This is probably because the ecosystem respiration at our site was confined significantly by low temperature and small biomass and large day/night temperature difference and usually soil moisture was not limiting factor for carbon uptake. In general, R_eco was an exponential function of soil temperature, but with season‐dependent values of Q₁₀. The temperature‐dependent respiration model failed immediately after rain events, when large pulses of R_eco were observed. Thus, for this alpine shrubland in Qinghai‐Tibetan plateau, the timing of rain events had more impact than the total amount of precipitation on ecosystem R_eco and NEE.     

Effects of experimental warming on net ecosystem CO2 exchange in Northern Xizang alpine meadow

AimsGlobal warming could have profound effects on ecosystem carbon (C) fluxes in alpine ecosystems. The aim of our study is to examine the effects of gradient warming on net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE).MethodsIn the Northern Tibetan Grassland Ecosystem Research Station (Nagqu station), Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, we conducted various levels of temperature increasing experiments (i.e., 2 °C and 4 °C increments). The warming was achieved using open-top chambers (OTCs). In total, there were three levels of temperature treatments (control, 2 °C and 4 °C increment), and four replicates for each treatment. The ecosystem NEE was monitored every five days during the growing season in 2015.Important findings Our findings highlight the importance of soil moisture in mediating the responses of NEE to climatic warming in alpine meadow ecosystem. The 4 °C warming significantly stimulated NEE,except for July measurements. The 2 °C warming had no effects on NEE during the growing season. Compared to the 2 °C warming, the 4 °C warming significantly stimulated NEE. The results showed that our targeted ecosystem acts as a carbon sink under 2 °C warming, whereas will act as a net carbon source under 4 °C warming in the future. This study provides basic data and theoretical basis for evaluating the alpine ecosystem’s responses to climate change.     

Responses of ecosystem carbon exchange to multi-level water addition in an alpine meadow in Namtso of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,China

高寒草甸是青藏高原的主要草地类型, 对青藏高原生态系统碳收支具有重要的调节作用。目前, 有关高寒草甸生态系统碳交换对气候变化的响应所知甚少, 尤其是降水变化会如何影响高寒草甸碳交换过程的相关研究非常匮乏。该文作者于2013和2014年的生长季(5-9月)在青藏高原纳木错地区高寒草甸进行多梯度人工增水实验, 设置对照和5个水分添加梯度, 分别增加0%、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的降水, 以研究高寒草甸生态系统在不同降水量条件下的碳交换变化。增水处理后, 各处理梯度之间的土壤温度没有显著差异, 而土壤含水量在不同增水处理后出现显著变化, 相对于对照, 增水幅度越大, 对应的土壤含水量越高。综合2013和2014年的观测结果, 高寒草甸生态系统整体表现为碳吸收, 在20%增水处理中, 净生态系统碳交换(NEE)达到最大值, 随着模拟的降水梯度进一步增加, NEE逐渐下降; 增水处理对生态系统呼吸(ER)无显著影响; 总生态系统生产力(GEP)的变化趋势与NEE一致, 即随着增水梯度增大, GEP先增加, 并在增水20%处理达到最大值, 随后GEP开始降低。研究表明, 在高寒草甸生态系统, 水分是影响GEP和NEE的重要因素, 对ER影响较弱; 未来适度的增水(20%-40%)能促进高寒草甸生态系统对碳的吸收。     

青藏高原高寒草甸生长期CO2排放对气温升高的响应

采用高度分别为0.4 m(OTC-1)和0.8 m(OTC-2)的开顶式增温小室(open top champers,OTCs),对青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统进行模拟增温处理,研究了高寒草甸生态系统的CO2排放强度及过程对气温升高的响应.结果表明:在平均气温分别提高1.25℃(OTC-1)和3.68℃(OTC-2)的条件下,对照及2种不同幅度增温处理高寒草甸生态系统CO2排放通量表现出明显的季节变化特征,并同时在植被生长旺盛期(7-8月)达到峰值,分别为2.31、2.35和6.38μmol·m-2·s-1;CO2排放通量在不同季节都表现出随增温幅度的升高而逐渐增大的趋势,表明随着气温升高,CO2排放通量逐渐增大;不同处理CO2排放通量与气温、5 cm土壤温度和5 cm土壤含水量之间表现出显著的相关关系,CO2排放通量与气温及5 cm土壤温度之间均符合指数关系,而与5 cm土壤含水量之间则符合二次多项式关系.     

不同幅度的实验增温对藏北高寒草甸净生态系统碳交换的影响

全球气候变暖将对陆地生态系统(尤其是高寒草甸生态系统)碳循环产生深远影响。该研究依托中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所藏北高原草地生态系统研究站(那曲站), 设置不同增温幅度实验, 模拟未来2 ℃增温和4 ℃增温的情景, 探究不同增温幅度对青藏高原高寒草甸净生态系统碳交换(NEE)的影响。研究结果显示: 1)在2015年生长季(6-9月), 不增温和2 ℃增温处理下NEE小于0, 总体表现为碳汇, 而4 ℃增温处理下NEE大于0, 总体表现为碳源; 2)在生长季的6月、8月及整个生长季, 与不增温相比, 4 ℃增温处理显著提高了NEE, 而2 ℃增温处理没有显著改变NEE; 7月, 2 ℃和4 ℃增温处理均显著提高了NEE; 3)在半干旱的高寒草甸生态系统, 土壤水分是决定NEE的关键因素, 增温通过降低土壤水分而导致高寒草甸生态系统碳汇能力下降。该研究可为青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统应对未来气候变化提供基础数据和理论依据。     

青藏高原纳木错高寒草甸生态系统碳交换对多梯度增水的响应

高寒草甸是青藏高原的主要草地类型, 对青藏高原生态系统碳收支具有重要的调节作用。目前, 有关高寒草甸生态系统碳交换对气候变化的响应所知甚少, 尤其是降水变化会如何影响高寒草甸碳交换过程的相关研究非常匮乏。该文作者于2013和2014年的生长季(5-9月)在青藏高原纳木错地区高寒草甸进行多梯度人工增水实验, 设置对照和5个水分添加梯度, 分别增加0%、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的降水, 以研究高寒草甸生态系统在不同降水量条件下的碳交换变化。增水处理后, 各处理梯度之间的土壤温度没有显著差异, 而土壤含水量在不同增水处理后出现显著变化, 相对于对照, 增水幅度越大, 对应的土壤含水量越高。综合2013和2014年的观测结果, 高寒草甸生态系统整体表现为碳吸收, 在20%增水处理中, 净生态系统碳交换(NEE)达到最大值, 随着模拟的降水梯度进一步增加, NEE逐渐下降; 增水处理对生态系统呼吸(ER)无显著影响; 总生态系统生产力(GEP)的变化趋势与NEE一致, 即随着增水梯度增大, GEP先增加, 并在增水20%处理达到最大值, 随后GEP开始降低。研究表明, 在高寒草甸生态系统, 水分是影响GEP和NEE的重要因素, 对ER影响较弱; 未来适度的增水(20%-40%)能促进高寒草甸生态系统对碳的吸收。     

Fisher discriminant analysis method applied in drought detection: an instance in an alpine meadow ecosystem

Fisher判别法在识别干旱中的应用——以高寒草甸生态系统为例 Fisher判别法可综合考虑事物的多重属性特征,进而分辨事物类型。若能将其应用于对干旱的识别,或将成为一种准确而有效的干旱识别方法。本研究以高寒草甸生态系统为研究对象,基于9年碳通量和小气候观测数据,以土壤含水量(soil water content, SWC)和饱和水汽压差(vapor pressure deficit, VPD)作为判别因子,利用Fisher判别法识别干旱。Fisher判别法可用于对高寒草甸生态系统干旱的识别。因其综合考虑了土壤水分匮缺和大气水分匮缺,故可以更合理准确地判断干旱的开始和结束时间。基于干旱样本和非干旱样本的特征,构建判别方程为：y = 24.46SWC − 4.60VPD。当y > 1时,样本点位于临界线上方,若持续10天以上,则判定为发生干旱。两次干旱过程间隔2天以内,可认为是一次干旱过程。随着研究年限的增加和观测数据的积累,该临界线方程尚有优化空间,其对干旱识别的准确度可进一步提高。     

模拟增温对青藏高原高寒草甸根系生物量的影响

在青藏高原高寒草甸布设模拟增温实验样地,采用土钻法于2012—2013年植被生长季获取5个土层的根系生物量,探讨增温处理下根系生物量在生长季不同月份、不同土壤深度的变化趋势及其与相应土层土壤水分、温度的关系。结果表明:(1)根系生物量在2012年随月份呈增加趋势,其中7—9月较大,其平均值在对照、增温处理下分别为3810.88 g/m~2和4468.08 g/m~2;在2013年随月份呈减小趋势,其中5—6月较大,其平均值在对照、增温处理下分别为4175.39 g/m~2和4141.6 g/m~2。增温处理下的总根系生物量高出对照处理293.97 g/m~2,而各月份总根系生物量在处理间的差值均未达到显著水平。表明在增温处理下根系生物量略有增加,但在生长季不同月份其增加的程度不同,致使年际间的增幅出现差异。(2)根系生物量主要分布在0—10 cm深度,所占百分比为50.61%。在增温处理下,0—10 cm深度的根系生物量减少,减幅为8.38%;10—50 cm深度的根系生物量增加,增幅为2.1%。相对于对照处理,增温处理下0—30 cm深度的根系生物量向深层增加,30—50 cm深度的根系生物量增加趋势略有减缓。可见,在增温处理下根系生物量的增幅趋向于土壤深层。(3)根系生物量与土壤水分呈极显著的递减关系,在增温处理下线性关系减弱;与土壤温度呈极显著的递增关系,在增温处理下线性关系增强。表明土壤水分、温度都可极显著影响根系生物量,但在增温处理下土壤温度对根系生物量的影响较土壤水分更为敏感而迅速。     

基于高通量测序的两种高寒草甸土壤原核生物群落特征研究

土壤微生物在生态系统中具有重要的生态功能,研究青藏高原高寒草甸的土壤原核生物群落组成及其主要影响因子,对揭示青藏高原独特的微生物地理区系和预测全球环境变化的影响有重要意义。利用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术,结合分子生态网络,对青藏高原高寒沼泽化草甸和高寒草甸的土壤原核生物的群落组成特征进行了分析。结果共检测到23145个OTUs,可分为2个古细菌类群和33个已知的细菌类群;其中变形菌门、酸杆菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门为土壤的优势菌群,相对丰度累计超过79%;高寒草甸原核生物的多样性高于高寒沼泽化草甸,两种草甸类型原核生物群落特征具有显著差异性(P0.001)。分子生态网络分析表明,高寒草甸网络具有较长的平均路径距离和较高的模块性,使其比高寒沼泽化草甸网络更能抵抗外界环境变化,在应对气候变化时具有更高的稳定性;典范对应分析(CCA)和分子生态网络的分析结果均表明,土壤p H值是影响土壤原核生物群落特征的主要影响因子。综上所述,土壤微生物群落的组成变化对于评估其对全球气候变化的响应具有重要的指示作用,土壤原核生物群落特征在不同的高寒草甸土壤中具有显著差异,了解其变化规律和影响因子,能为高寒草甸生态系统的适应性管理和应对气候变化提供理论依据。     

西藏东部高寒草甸苔藓植物群落数量分类与排序

为探讨高寒草甸苔藓植物群落分布格局及其与环境因子之间的关系,按网格法在西藏东部的林芝市和昌都市设置了28个高寒草甸样地,采用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)、除趋势对应分析(DCA)和典范对应分析(CCA)的方法对群落进行数量分类和排序。结果显示,共记录有苔藓植物19科30属60种,均为藓类植物;其中,丛藓科和真藓科的物种数占总种数的55%。群落优势种为北地对齿藓(Didymodon fallax)、垂枝藓(Rhytidium rugosum)、山羽藓(Abietinella abietina)、厚角绢藓(Entodon concinnus)、尖叶对齿藓芒尖变种(Didymodon constrictus var.flexicuspis)和短叶对齿藓(Didymodon tectorus)。根据TWINSPAN分析结果可将西藏东部高寒草甸苔藓植物群落划分为9个群丛,分别为沙氏真藓(Bryum sauteri)群丛、细枝羽藓(Thuidium delicatulum)+狭网真藓(Bryum algovicum)+羽枝青藓(Brachythecium plumosum)群丛、尖叶对齿藓芒...     

The role of shrub (Potentilla fruticosa) on ecosystem CO2 fluxes in an alpine shrub meadow

Aims Recent studies have shown that alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau act as significant CO₂ sinks. On the plateau, alpine shrub meadow is one of typical grassland ecosystems. The major alpine shrub on the plateau is Potentilla fruticosa L. (Rosaceae), which is distributed widely from 3 200 to 4 000 m. Shrub species play an important role on carbon sequestration in grassland ecosystems. In addition, alpine shrubs are sensitive to climate change such as global warming. Considering global warming, the biomass and productivity of P. fruticosa will increase on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Thus, understanding the carbon dynamics in alpine shrub meadow and the role of shrubs around the upper distribution limit at present is essential to predict the change in carbon sequestration on the plateau. However, the role of shrubs on the carbon dynamics in alpine shrub meadow remains unclear. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the magnitude of CO₂ exchange of P. fruticosa shrub patches around the upper distribution limit and to elucidate the role of P. fruticosa on ecosystem CO₂ fluxes in an alpine meadow.Methods We used the static acrylic chamber technique to measure and estimate the net ecosystem productivity (NEP), ecosystem respiration (R e), and gross primary productivity (GPP) of P. fruticosa shrub patches at three elevations around the species' upper distribution limit. Ecosystem CO₂ fluxes and environmental factors were measured from 17 to 20 July 2008 at 3 400, 3 600, and 3 800 m a.s.l. We examined the maximum GPP at infinite light (GPP max) and maximum R e (R emax) during the experimental time at each elevation in relation to aboveground biomass and environmental factors, including air and soil temperature, and soil water content.Important findings Patches of P. fruticosa around the species' upper distribution limit absorbed CO₂, at least during the daytime. Maximum NEP at infinite light (NEP max) and GPP max of shrub patches in the alpine meadow varied among the three elevations, with the highest values at 3 400 m and the lowest at 3 800 m. GPP max was positively correlated with the green biomass of P. fruticosa more strongly than with total green biomass, suggesting that P. fruticosa is the major contributor to CO₂ uptake in the alpine shrub meadow. Air temperature influenced the potential GPP at the shrub-patch scale. R emax was correlated with aboveground biomass and R emax normalized by aboveground biomass was influenced by soil water content. Potentilla fruticosa height (biomass) and frequency increased clearly as elevation decreased, which promotes the large-scale spatial variation of carbon uptake and the strength of the carbon sink at lower elevations.     

不同海拔高度高寒草甸光能利用效率的遥感模拟

利用植被光合模型模拟了藏北高原3个海拔高度(4300,4500 m和4700 m)的高寒草甸生态系统的光能利用效率.海拔4500 m的光能利用效率均值(0.47 g C/MJ)显著高于海拔4300 m(0.38 g C/MJ)和4700 m(0.35 g C/MJ),而海拔4300 m和4700 m两者间差异不显著.相关分析和多重逐步回归分析表明,影响每个海拔光能利用效率季节变化的主要因子为空气温度,相对湿度以及地表水分指数,这3个因子共同解释了99％以上的光能利用效率的季节变化,其中空气温度的贡献最大,相对湿度的贡献次之,地表水分指数的贡献最小,这说明在3个海拔的任何一个海拔高度,温度对光能利用效率季节变化的胁迫作用大于水分对光能利用效率季节变化的胁迫作用.多重逐步线性回归分析表明,生长季节均土壤含水量是决定生长季节均光能利用效率沿海拔高度分布的主导因子.单因子线性回归分析表明,地表水分指数可以定量化高寒嵩草草甸生态系统水分状况,它同时可以反应土壤水分、近地表空气湿度以及生态系统植被含水量状态.因此,在高寒嵩草草甸生态系统,用地表水分指数反应生态系统尺度水分对光能利用效率的胁迫作用是可行的.     

甘南高寒草甸海拔梯度上功能多样性与生态系统多功能的关系

植物群落功能多样性与生态系统多功能的关系是近年来生态学研究的新视角,以往的研究多关注植物群落功能多样性与单一生态系统功能的关系,缺乏对生态系统多功能的理解。本研究以甘南高寒草甸植物群落为对象,选取地上生物量、土壤有机碳、土壤全氮、土壤全磷、土壤速效氮和土壤速效磷6个功能指标,运用Bartlett球形度检验与多阈值分析法,分析甘南高寒草甸海拔梯度上植物群落功能多样性与生态系统多功能的关系。结果表明:不同海拔植物群落组成差异显著,且海拔3500 m物种丰富度、植物盖度显著高于其他海拔。一元、多元功能多样性随海拔升高总体呈降低趋势,且海拔间差异显著。冗余分析发现,一元、多元功能丰富度、功能均匀度、Rao的二次熵均与土壤温度、土壤含水量、土壤容重呈显著正相关,与土壤pH、土壤电导率呈显著负相关。在较大阈值范围(6%～89%)内,功能多样性对生态系统多功能具有显著正效应;基于相关分析、最优回归模型和随机森林模型分析发现,功能多样性中多元功能丰富度指数与生态系统多功能具有显著正线性关系,同时多元功能丰富度也是生态系统多功能的主要驱动因素。总体来看,功能丰富度对青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统多功能的影响最为显著。     

青藏高原高寒草甸生物量动态变化及与环境因子的关系——基于模拟增温实验

以青藏高原高寒草甸为研究区,设置模拟增温实验样地,于2010年开始持续增温,2012和2013年调查植被地上-地下生物量,探讨气候变暖背景下高寒草甸生物量的动态变化及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明:(1)增温处理下地上-地下生物量与根冠比的中值和平均值大于对照,其中地下生物量(变异系数为0.30)的增加幅度大于地上生物量(变异系数为0.27),根冠比的变异系数(0.33)大于地上-地下生物量,这表明增温可导致高寒草甸植被生物量分配出现差异。(2)地上-地下生物量呈极显著的幂指数函数关系(R~2=0.147,P0.001),表现为异速生长,但在增温处理下异速生长出现减缓(R~2=0.102,P0.05)。(3)地上生物量受深层土壤水分和浅层土壤温度影响较大,地下生物量受深层土壤水分和深层土壤温度影响较大;土壤温度对地上-地下生物量的影响强于土壤水分,表现为20 cm深度土壤温度对地上生物量(R=0.582,P0.01)和根冠比(R=-0.238,P0.05)影响较大,60 cm深度土壤温度对地下生物量影响较大(R=0.388,P0.01),100 cm深度土壤水分对地上生物量(R=0.423,P0.01)和地下生物量(R=0.245,P0.05)影响较大,这说明增温导致浅层土壤温度对生物量分配产生影响,使生物量更多分配到地上部分,而冻土融化致使深层土壤水分对生物量产生影响。     

氮磷共限制青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统碳吸收

随着人类活动加剧,青藏高原高寒草地面临外来资源输入的威胁,而外源资源输入如氮、磷、钾(N、P、K)及其交互作用如何影响高寒草地生态系统碳循环尚不明确.本研究在藏北高寒草甸进行了连续3年N、P、K元素交互的添加试验,测定群落盖度和生态系统碳交换等数据,旨在阐明资源添加对高寒草甸生态系统碳交换过程的影响.结果 表明:在植物...     

Altitudinal variation of ecosystem CO2 fluxes in an alpine grassland from 3600 to 4200 m

Aims Recent studies have recognized the alpine grasslands on the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau as a significant sink for atmospheric CO₂. The carbon-sink strength may differ among grassland ecosystems at various altitudes because of contrasting biotic and physical environments. This study aims (i) to clarify the altitudinal pattern of ecosystem CO₂ fluxes, including gross primary production (GPP), daytime ecosystem respiration (Re_daytime) and net ecosystem production (NEP), during the period with peak above-ground biomass; and (ii) to elucidate the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the altitudinal variation of ecosystem CO₂ fluxes.     

高寒草甸生态系统蚁丘对小型土壤节肢动物群落的影响

为查明高寒草甸中蚁丘对小型土壤节肢动物群落的影响,2018年5、7和10月分别在若尔盖高寒草甸内选取6个直径在30-35 cm间的蚁丘作为调查对象,并选取距相应蚁丘2 m处的点作为对照,采集蚁丘和对照的土壤样品,用Tullgren法分离小型土壤节肢动物。结果表明：（1）蚁丘可以明显改变高寒草甸小型土壤节肢动物群落组成结构,主要类群由螨类转变为跳虫;（2）蚁丘中的长角跳目、前气门亚目和甲螨亚目的个体密度均显著高于对照（P<0.05）,但仅有甲螨亚目个体百分比在群落中所占比例显著高于对照（P<0.05）;（3）蚁丘可以显著提高小型土壤节肢动物群落密度和多样性,尤其能够使部分菌食性跳虫（库跳属、隐跳属、符跳属）和腐食性螨类（布伦螨属、双瘤吸螨属、微奥甲螨属及下盾甲螨属）的个体数量大幅增加;（4）从5月到10月,小型土壤节肢动物群落的个体密度在蚁丘中呈先增加后下降的变化趋势（P<0.05）,在对照中呈持续增加（P>0.05）,而类群数和Shannon多样性指数在蚁丘和对照中均呈增加趋势,但仅在对照有显著差异（P<0.05）;（5）小型土壤节肢动物的类群数、Shannon多样性指数与有机质含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,个体密度与土壤容重呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。研究结果表明,蚁丘能够改变小型土壤节肢动物群落组成结构,并显著提高小型土壤节肢动物群落个体密度和多样性。     

青藏高原高寒草甸夏季植被特征及对模拟增温的短期响应

以青藏高原高寒草甸为研究对象,研究了草甸植被夏季生长动态特征;同时采用红外辐射器模拟增温的方法,探讨了草甸植被对增温的短期(1a)响应.结果表明:(1)高寒草甸夏季植被高度与地下生物量、总生物量相关性不显著,盖度与二者相关性极显著;高度对地上生物量影响较大(R=0.892,P＜0.01),盖度对地下生物量(R=0.883,P＜0.01)和总生物量(R=0.888,P＜0.01)影响较大.(2)高寒草甸夏季植被地上部分和地下部分表现出不同的生长模式,地上部分近似等速生长(幂指数为1.011),地下部分则表现为异速生长(幂指数为0.459),但整体呈现异速生长(幂指数为0.473).(3)高寒草甸夏季植被地上生物量(P＜0.05)在6月份较地下生物量(P＞0.05)对环境更为敏感,且一年之后地上-地下生物量均呈减小趋势,这与空气温度、土壤温度和土壤水分的显著减小密切相关.(4)红外辐射器在高寒草甸的增温度效果较好,空气、地表、土壤温度都随增温幅度增强而增加;短期增温对高寒植被有正效应(T0-T1),而温度持续升高则对植被产生负效应(T1-T2);各植被指标的方差分析都未达到显著水平,表明短期增温对该植被影响不显著.     

祁连山南麓高寒湿地生态系统呼吸季节、年际动态及影响因素

由于青藏高原高海拔、低温的特殊环境,使得生态系统呼吸(RE)对气候变化的响应极其敏感,然而对高寒湿地生态系统长时间尺度上的RE动态特征及驱动机制的研究相对薄弱。以青藏高原东北部高寒湿地为研究对象,分析了基于涡度相关系统观测的高寒湿地2004—2016年的CO₂通量排放动态及影响机制,对预测高寒湿地碳平衡对未来气候变化的响应具有重要意义。结果表明：高寒湿地在2004—2016年的月平均RE表现为单峰变化趋势,在8月达到峰值;年RE表现为逐年升高的趋势(P<0.05),年RE均值为(608.9±65.6) g C m^-2 a^-1;生长季RE约是非生长季RE的2.7倍,线性回归分析表明生长季RE(r~2=0.66,P=0.001)、非生长季RE(r~2=0.47,P=0.01)与全年RE呈极显著正相关。在月尺度上,分类回归树分析和线性回归分析表明土壤温度是月RE的最主要控制因素,暗示高寒湿地的土壤呼吸对整个生态系统的碳排放至关重要。在年际尺度上,生长季积温与生长季RE呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而生长季降水(PP...     

Carbon Dioxide Exchange Between the Atmosphere and an Alpine Shrubland Meadow During the Growing Season on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Abstract: In the present study, we used the eddy covariance method to measure CO₂ exchange between the atmosphere and an alpine shrubland meadow ecosystem (37°36'N, 101°18'E; 3 250 m a.s.l.) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, during the growing season in 2003, from 20 April to 30 September. This meadow is dominated by formations of Potentilla fruticosa L. The soil is Mol-Cryic Cambisols. During the study period, the meadow was not grazed. The maximum rates of CO₂ uptake and release derived from the diurnal course of CO₂ flux were -9.38 and 5.02 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, respectively. The largest daily CO₂ uptake was 1.7 g C·m^-2·d^-1 on 14 July, which is less than half that of an alpine Kobresia meadow ecosystem at similar latitudes. Daily CO₂ uptake during the measurement period indicated that the alpine shrubland meadow ecosystem may behave as a sink of atmospheric CO₂ during the growing season. The daytime CO₂ uptake was correlated exponentially or linearly with the daily photo synthetic photon flux density each month. The daytime average water use efficiency of the ecosystem was 6.47 mg CO₂/g H₂O. The efficiency of the ecosystem increased with a decrease in vapor pressure deficit.
(Managing editor: Ya-Qin HAN)