THE ACTION OF THE PLANT GROWTH HORMONE

1. Sections of Avena coleoptiles are found to show a considerable elongation when suspended in solutions of growth substance. 2. This elongation does not take place in the absence of O₂ and is inhibited by KCN and phenylurethane. 3. The rate of respiration of sections of coleoptiles is increased by the addition of growth substance in concentrations which cause growth. High concentrations of growth substance inhibit growth and also respiration. 4. The increase in respiration is inhibited by KCN and phenylurethane in the concentrations which inhibit normal respiration. These concentrations are the same as those which inhibit growth. 5. From 2, 3, and 4, it seems possible that the increase in respiration caused by growth substance may be an essential part of its action in growth.     

植物源调节剂对玉米生长的影响

植物源调节剂是利用豆科和菊科植物为原料 ,首次研制的一种植物生长调节剂 ,对玉米萌发有促进作用 ,尤其表现在促进根生长。在苗期、拔节期叶面喷施 ,提高生物产量 2 1 4 3% ,增加千粒重 4 2 0g ,增产率2 1 95 %。使用浓度为 80× 10 -3 g/L或 10 0× 10 -3 g/L使用方法是拌种和苗期、拔节喷施     

STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF HYDROGEN TRANSPORT IN ANIMAL TISSUES : VI. INHIBITOR STUDIES WITH SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE

1. The mechanism of succinic dehydrogenase action was studied by means of inhibitors. 2. The enzyme is inhibited by a large number of diverse compounds whose only common denominator appears to be their ability to react with SH groups. These compounds include quinonoid structures, sulfhydryl reagents, sulfhydryl compounds, copper, zinc, selenite, and arsenite. 3. In contrast to the above inhibitors, the action of malonate does not appear to involve sulfhydryl groups and is explained on the basis of its affinity for the enzyme groups which react with the carboxyl groups of succinate. 4. The action of malonate and the sulfhydryl reactants is mutually exclusive, and this fact suggests the conclusion that the sulfhydryl group of the enzyme is located between the carboxyl affinity points. 5. On the basis of the deduced structure of the succinate-activating center of the enzyme, it is suggested that the enzyme may function by oscillating between the EnSH and EnS· forms, rather than by a thiol-disulfide equilibrium.     

GROWTH OF EDIBLE CHLOROPHYLLOUS PLANT TISSUES IN VITRO

Hildebrandt, A. C, J. C. Wilmar, H. Johns, and A. J. Riker. (U. Wisconsin, Madison.) Growth of edible chlorophyllous plant tissues in vitro, Amer. Jour. Bot. 50(3): 248–254. Illus. 1963.—Plant callus cultures were attempted from roots, stems, leaves or excised embryos of 32 species of plants on a basal mineral salts–sucrose agar medium (T-medium), on T-medium + coconut milk + α-naphthaleneacetic acid + calcium pantothenate (C-medium) and on C-medium + 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (D-medium). Embryos on T- or C-medium generally produced normal plants, while on D-medium, they often produced callus only. Fresh isolates of carrot, endive, lettuce, parsley, red kidney bean, and navy bean gave moderate to excellent callus on C-medium. Parsley and navy bean also produced excellent callus on D-medium. Strains of callus from potato, tomato, grape and rose also grew well on C- or D-medium. In the light, red pigmentation developed on rose, parsley, and grape callus. Chlorophyll formation was inhibited on D-medium, but on C-medium more or less chlorophyll was initiated in callus from carrot, endive, lettuce, pea, potato and certain rose varieties. Chlorophyll formation was also strong in endive callus on T-medium supplemented with casein hydrolysate, i-inositol and NAA. The amount and type of sugar used in C-medium influenced the amount of growth and were critical in relation to chlorophyll formation. Carrot tissues in constant light produced abundant chlorophyll and were still growing on media without added sugar after 6 weeks.     

生长素在柳树插枝中的运转

根据Pal(1914:1919)的实验结果并运用 Stark(1921)的方法 Went(1926)成功地从燕麦子叶鞘尖端组织里分离出促进生长的物质之后,紧接着进一步的证明它在植物体内是由形态的上端向形态的下端运转,即所谓极化运转(polar transport,Went,1928)。同时 Beyer(1928)报告光刺激的传递也是这样的。Went(1928)的工作为许     

STUDIES ON THE GIANT KELP,MACROCYSTIS. I. GROWTH OF YOUNG PLANTS

Neushul , M., and F. T. Haxo . (Scripps Inst. Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif.) Studies on the giant kelp, Macrocystis. I. Growth of young plants. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50(4): 349–353. Illus. 1963.—The growth of entire young plants of Macrocystis pyrifera was studied in the sea and in the laboratory. Measurements were made of plants in natural stands and of plants transplanted to submerged rafts. Macrocystis was raised in laboratory tanks under controlled conditions of light and temperature. Maximum growth rates in the laboratory paralleled those observed in the sea, plants doubling in area every 16–20 days and in length every 20–30 days under optimum conditions. The transplantation experiments and diving observations demonstrated the important influence of biological activity on the establishment and growth of young plants in the sea.