胜红蓟化感作用研究Ⅶ.胜红蓟素类似物的合成及其对植物与微生物的抑制作用

合成了5种胜红蓟素的结构类似物,将它们与胜红蓟素在对植物和微生物的抑制活性上进行了比较。结果表明,在100mg/l浓度时,对于萝卜和黑麦草两种受体,类似物6－甲酰基－7－甲氧基2,2－二甲基－2H－苯并吡喃和7－羟基－6－甲酰基－3,4－二氢－2,2－二甲基－2H－苯并吡喃较胜红蓟素有更强的抑制作用,尤其是对受体 根长的抑制作用达到显著,这两种类似物同时也具有较强的抗菌活性,在400mg/l浓度下,它们对两种真菌：水稻纹枯病菌和辣椒疫霉病菌的抑制率达到100％;在2000mg/l浓度下,7－羟基－6－甲酰基－3,4－二氢－2,2－二甲基－2H－苯并吡喃还对两种细菌：水稻白叶枯病菌和水稻基腐病菌有较强的抑制作用。研究揭示了构成胜红蓟素基本结构的2,2－二甲基－2H－苯并吡喃对植物无明显抑制作用,对微生物的抑制作用也不强,但当其6位或7位带有活性取代基后,对植物和微生物抑制作用都显著增强。     

古银杏内生真菌的分离及其抑菌活性

采用组织分离法从古银杏健康组织中分离得到55株内生真菌, 其中28个分离菌株在PDA培养基上不产孢子, 占总分离菌株的50.9%, 其它菌株根据其在PDA培养基上的培养特征, 10株被鉴定为青霉、6株为曲霉、4株为交链孢霉、3株为简梗孢霉, 另外酵母、毛霉、小单头孢霉、镰孢霉各1株。考察内生真菌培养上清对7种受试指示菌的抑制作用, 共筛选得到23株至少对一种指示菌的生长有抑制作用的菌株, 其中11株为不产孢真菌, 占活性菌株的47.83%。对活性最强的一株菌进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定, 将其确定为Xyla     

Quinolizidine alkaloid profiles of Lupinus varius orientalis, L. albus albus, L. hartwegii, and L. densiflorus

Alkaloid profiles of two Lupinus species growing naturally in Egypt (L. albus albus [synonym L. termis], L. varius orientalis) in addition to two New World species (L. hartwegii, L. densiflorus) which were cultivated in Egypt were studied by capillary GLC and GLC-mass spectrometry with respect to quinolizidine alkaloids. Altogether 44 quinolizidine, bipiperidyl and proto-indole alkaloids were identified; 29 in L. albus, 13 in L. varius orientalis, 15 in L. hartwegii, 6 in L. densiflorus. Some of these alkaloids were identified for the first time in these plants. The alkaloidal patterns of various plant organs (leaves, flowers, stems, roots, pods and seeds) are documented. Screening for antimicrobial activity of these plant extracts demonstrated substantial activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus and Bacillus subtilis.     

Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils of Laserpitium latifolium L. and L. ochridanum Micevski (Apiaceae)

The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Laserpitium latifolium and L. ochridanum were investigated. The essential oils were isolated by steam distillation and characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. All essential oils were distinguished by high contents of monoterpenes, and α‐pinene was the most abundant compound in the essential oils of L. latifolium underground parts and fruits (contents of 44.4 and 44.0%, resp.). The fruit essential oil was also rich in sabinene (26.8%). Regarding the L. ochridanum essential oils, the main constituents were limonene in the fruit oil (57.7%) and sabinene in the herb oil (25.9%). The antimicrobial activity of these essential oils as well as that of L. ochridanum underground parts, whose composition was reported previously, was tested by the broth‐microdilution method against four Gram‐positive and three Gram‐negative bacteria and two Candida albicans strains. Except the L. latifolium underground‐parts essential oil, the other investigated oils showed a high antimicrobial potential against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, or Candida albicans (minimal inhibitory concentrations of 13.0–73.0 μg/ml), comparable to or even higher than that of thymol, which was used as reference compound.     

无叶假木贼和盐爪爪提取物的抗菌活性

无叶假木贼和盐爪爪地上部分乙醇提取物、不同溶剂萃取部分对供试病原细菌和真菌均表现出较好的抑制作用,其乙酸乙酯萃取部分和正丁醇萃取部分的抗菌活性明显强于石油醚萃取部分和水部分。结果表明,无叶假木贼中抗菌活性成分主要为极性中等的化合物,且很可能是具弱碱性、易与酸成盐的生物碱类。盐爪爪中抗菌活性成分同样为极性中等的化合物。     

Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of secondary metabolites from Vinca minor L.

Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology - The aim of study was to investigate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities as well as chemical analysis of aquatic, acetone and ethyl acetate extracts...     

Antimicrobial and antioxidative activity of extracts and essential oils of Myrtus communis L.

Since synthetic antimicrobial agents and food additives can cause a number of adverse effects, there is a growing interest from consumers in ingredients from natural sources. Medicinal plants, such as Myrtus communis L. are a source of new compounds which can be used in both the food industry and for medical purposes, primarily as antimicrobial agents. In this review, the characteristics of myrtle essential oils and extracts are summarized, with particular attention to their chemical composition, biological activities and potential applications.     

Volatile oil of Anethum Graveolens L. as an inhibitor of yeast and lactic acid bacteria]

The antimicrobial activity of 25 volatile oils from aerial parts and seeds of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) of different geographical origin towards yeast Saccharomyces vini and lactic acid bacteria Lactobacterium buchneri was measured by serial dilutions. Volatile oils from mature seeds and green parts of the plants harvested at late vegetation phases showed the highest activity. The geographical origin of plants influenced insignificantly the antimicrobial activity of volatile oil.     

Genome sequence of Rheinheimera sp. strain A13L, isolated from Pangong Lake, India

Rheinheimera sp. strain A13L, which has antimicrobial activity, was isolated from alkaline brackish water of the high-altitude Pangong Lake of Ladakh, India. Here we report the draft genome sequence of Rhienheimera sp. strain A13L (4,523,491 bp with a G+C content of 46.23%). The genome is predicted to contain genes for marinocine and colicin V production, which may be responsible for the antimicrobial activity of the strain.     

Biochemical activities of Iranian Mentha piperita L. and Myrtus communis L. essential oils

GC-MS analysis of essential oils of Iranian Mentha piperita and Myrtus communis extracted by hydrodistillation lead to identification of 26 and 32 compounds, respectively. The oils had good to excellent antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans with the oil of M. piperita being more active. The findings suggest feasibility of application of M. piperita oil in treatment of the infections caused by C. albicans and E. coli. D-values on exposure to M. piperita and Myrtus communis oils were (2.14 and 2.8min), (1.4 and 12.8min) and (4.3 and 8.6min) for E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans , respectively. The oils were screened for their possible antioxidant activities by two complementary test systems, namely DPPH free radical scavenging and beta-carotene/linoleic acid systems. M. piperirta oil exerted greater antioxidant activity than that of M. communis. Phytochemical and phytobiological characteristics of these oils may lead to extraction and production of active compounds in single or combined forms with useful applications.     

云南红豆杉内生放线菌TAR11活性代谢产物的初步研究

目的：初步研究从云南红豆杉植株根部筛选到的一株抗植物病害的内生放线菌TAR11的活性代谢产物性质。方法：以枯草芽孢杆菌为指示菌、以抑菌活性为指标,测定TAR11发酵液的最小抑菌浓度;用不同温度、pH值处理,了解活性物质的稳定性;用有机溶剂对活性物质萃取和溶解,并用纸层析对活性物质进行初步分类。结果：TAR11发酵液抗菌物质的最小抑菌浓度为0．78％,对温度敏感,在酸性和中性条件下稳定,可被三氯甲烷萃取,能溶于水、甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、乙醚。结论：低浓度的放线菌TAR11代谢产物能强烈抑制枯草芽孢杆菌活性,经纸层析实验初步鉴定为一类碱性抗生素。放线菌TAR11有望开发成为新一代生物药物。     

Antimicrobial properties of essential oil of Satureja montana L. on pathogenic and spoilage yeasts

The essential oil of Satureja montana L. had a broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activity against 46 species of yeasts. This high and diffused activity could be used to control potential pathogenic and spoilage yeasts. The assay of MIC toward some pathogenic and spoilage yeasts showed a range values from 0.10 to 0.25 l ml^–1. The MIC and growth rate reduction assay were effective tests for quantitative evaluation of antimicrobial activity.     

黄粉虫防御性分泌物抑菌活性的研究

目的:研究黄粉虫防御性分泌物的化学成分及其抑菌活性。方法:用二氯甲烷萃取分泌物并经GC/MS分析,后用牛津杯法和平板连续稀释法分别就该分泌物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色假丝酵母、黑曲霉、桔青霉的抑菌作用及2-甲基对苯醌和对甲酚标准品对上述供试菌的最低抑菌浓度进行测定和比较。结果:分泌物含2-甲基对苯醌、对甲酚和正二十三烷等7种成分,抑菌强度:桔青霉>大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌>白色假丝酵母>黑曲霉。结论:该分泌物对这5种供试菌的抑制效果优于2-甲基对苯醌和对甲酚标准品。     

In-vitro examination and isolation of antidiarrheal compounds using five bacterial strains from invasive species Bidens bipinnata L.

Bidens bipinnata is widely utilized medicinal plant for treatment of diseases like malaria, sore throat, acute nephritis and dysentery. However, despite its traditional uses Bidens bipinnata is not widely explored for its antimicrobial effect. Thus, the current study is aimed to form antimicrobial activity report of Bidens bipinnata extracts, along with isolation and evaluation of antibacterial activity of the isolated compounds through bioassay-guided purification. Hexane extract of its leaves has appeared to be most active thus it is exposed to automated column chromatography. Further purification using High-performance liquid chromatography has led to isolation of active peaks, identified by Gas Chromatography-mass spectrometry, as 16-Pregnenolone and 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester. Their antimicrobial activity was confirmed via broth dilution procedure on Staphylococcus aureus, 16-Pregnenolone revealed a strong antimicrobial activity with MIC₅₀ of 72 μg/mL whereas 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester display an MIC₅₀ of >250 μg/mL. Present study is the first report on isolation of these compounds from Bidens bipinnata.     

安徽产大戟属药用植物资源及其生物活性

对安徽产大戟属药用植物的资源状况及其生物活性进行了综述。安徽产大戟属药用植物约有9种,具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗氧化等生物活性,有些具有一定的毒性。     

In vitro antimycobacterial activities of Physalis angulata L.

The HIV-tuberculosis co-infection has caused an impact on tuberculosis epidemiology all over the world and the efficacies of the therapeutic schemes traditionally prescribed in the treatment of tuberculosis, such as isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide, have decreased due to the appearance of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains (MDR). This work is part of research on natural antimicrobial agents from plant extracts through bioassay-guided fractionation, by in vitro determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the microdilution method with Alamar blue oxidation-reduction dye. Crude CHCl3 Physalis angulata extracts and physalin-containing fractions displayed antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium malmoense and Mycobacterium intracellulare.     

Antimicrobial evaluation of coumarins and flavonoids from the stems of Daphne gnidium L.

The antimicrobial activity of stems methanol extract from Daphne gnidium L. collected from Sardinia (Italy) was evaluated against 6 strains of standard and clinical isolated gram (+/-) bacteria. The antimicrobial effect on two strains of fungi was also tested. The extract in toto exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus lentus and Escherichia coli, but was inactive against fungi. Four coumarins (daphnetin, daphnin, acetylumbelliferone, daphnoretin) and seven flavonoids (luteolin, orientin, isoorientin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, genkwanin, 5-O-beta-D-primeverosyl genkwanine, 2,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxyisoflavanol) present in the plant extract were also investigated against the same strains of bacteria and fungi assayed for the crude extract. The most active compounds were daphnetin, genkwanin, and 2,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxyisoflavanol.     

The bioactive essential oil of Heracleum sphondylium L. subsp. ternatum (Velen.) Brummitt

The essential oil of Heracleum sphondylium L subsp. ternatun (Velen.) Brummit (Umbelliferae) was isolated from crushed seeds by means of hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Major components were identified as 1-octanol (50.3%), octyl butyrate (24.6%), and octyl acetate (7.3%). Furthermore, antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated using microdilution broth and agar diffusion methods. The bioactive constituent of the essential oil was determined as 1-octanol by using a bioautography assay.     

水稻稻瘟病拮抗菌L1鉴定及抑菌特性的初步研究

本研究对水稻稻瘟病菌的拮抗菌L1形态、生理生化特性等进行测定, 结果发现其为杆状细胞、革兰氏阳性、菌落不规则有褶皱、好氧生长、颜色较深等, 初步鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌; 拮抗菌L1培养5 d的发酵液抑菌活性最高, 抑菌率为74.57%; 拮抗菌L1对水稻稻瘟病菌的拮抗活性物质对温度不敏感; 拮抗菌L1的发酵液用硫酸铵梯度沉淀法提取粗蛋白, 在50%~60%硫酸铵饱和度下沉淀的粗蛋白质对水稻稻瘟病菌抑菌效果最好, 平均抑菌半径达0.51 cm。     

水稻稻瘟病拮抗菌L1鉴定及抑菌特性的初步研究

本研究对水稻稻瘟病菌的拮抗菌L1形态、生理生化特性等进行测定,结果发现其为杆状细胞、革兰氏阳性、菌落不规则有褶皱、好氧生长、颜色较深等,初步鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌;拮抗菌L1培养5 d的发酵液抑菌活性最高,抑菌率为74.57%;拮抗菌L1对水稻稻瘟病菌的拮抗活性物质对温度不敏感;拮抗菌L1的发酵液用硫酸铵梯度沉淀法提取粗蛋白.在50%～60%硫酸铵饱和度下沉淀的粗蛋白质对水稻稻瘟病菌抑菌效果最好,平均抑菌半径达0.51 cm.