横断山区龙蜥属(Diploderma)物种生境偏好和形态分化

横断山区是全球25个生物多样性热点之一,其生态安全和生物多样性保护备受国内外关注。经济社会发展给横断山区特有龙蜥属动物带来许多新的挑战,大量原始生境被道路修建和水电工程彻底破坏,有些物种甚至在局部地区灭绝。因此及时开展龙蜥保护生态学相关研究,对准确制定保护行动计划非常关键。生境偏好与形态分化是保护生态学研究的重要内容。采用样线和样方法,对横断山区9个龙蜥属物种生境因子进行了测量。同时借助野外标本采集和标本馆标本测量,对19个龙蜥属物种进行了形态量化。采用广义线性混合模型（Generalized Linear Mixed Model,GLMM）和基于系统发育的广义最小二乘法（Phylogenetic Generalized Least-Squares,PGLS）对龙蜥生境偏好和形态学分化进行了分析。结果表明,来自不同生境的龙蜥对生境因子具有特殊的偏好。灌丛型龙蜥更偏好石块灌丛、阳坡、较陡、平均石块粒径较大、温度适中的生境,偏好生境中往往有两头毛（Incarvillea arguta）分布;林地型龙蜥偏好乔木、较陡的上坡位和植被覆盖率高的生境,偏好生境中往往有红花羊蹄甲（Bauhinia×blakeana）分布。从形态分化方面看,灌丛型和林地型龙蜥在体型大小和运动形态方面均发生了明显地分化,对雄性而言,林地型龙蜥尾长、鼻眼距、第4指长以及第4趾爪长大于灌丛型龙蜥,而灌丛型龙蜥吻长和胫骨长大于林地型龙蜥。对雌性而言,尾长、头长、吻长、鼻眼距、第4指长、第4趾长以及第4趾爪长均为林地型龙蜥大于灌丛型。研究为横断山区龙蜥生境偏好和形态分化提供了直接证据,有助于理解龙蜥对干热河谷生境的适应策略,同时为科学制定龙蜥保护计划提供重要支撑。     

昆明龙蜥的核型研究

本文用骨髓及精巢作实验材料,采用秋水仙素—低渗—空气干燥直接制片法,首次报道了昆明龙蜥Japalura vacoae(Boulenger)的核型,即2n=12+22mNF=46,并与已经报道的本属的另二个物种—J.swinhonis J.polygonata—的核型作了比较。讨论了它们的核型演化途经。在该属染色体臂数具有明显的保守性。因此,罗伯逊易位在演化中起着十分重要的作用。结合核型分析还讨论了龙蜥属的分布和起源中心。 另外,本文还观察分析了精巢的减数分裂。 昆明龙蜥—Japalura varcoae(Boulenger)—属蜥蜴目(Lacertiformes),鬣蜥科(Agamidae),分布在我国的云、贵高原(川生所,1977),是高原山地型种类。各种动物的核型研究,不但对于细胞学、遗传学是项基本工作,同时还可以丰富动物的信息系统,为动物演化的研究提供宝贵资料。据查,昆明龙蜥的核型未曾报道。特作此文。     

四川省发现玉龙龙蜥

玉龙龙蜥Diploderma yulongense(Mathey,Denzer,Hou&Wang 2012)于2012年根据 Andrews R C等1914年在玉龙雪山采集的历史馆藏标本命名.至今对该物种尚未进行过研究,对其自然生活史资料和分布范围知之甚少.2019年7月,作者在四川省凉山彝族自治州木里县下麦地乡采集...     

四川攀蜥属一新种——汶川攀蜥

作者于2001年8月在四川省汶川县采到攀蜥属（Japalura)动物,经鉴定为攀蜥属一新种,订名为汶川攀蜥Japalura zhaoermii sp.nov.,对鉴别特征和形态进行了描述,标本保存于中国科学院成都生物研究所。     

韦先统石燕新属Grandispirifer

本文所用的材料是作者在1957年采自我国新疆博罗霍洛山北坡的石燕化石。腕足动物化石发现于下石炭纪黑灰色薄层灰岩,其中并含有大量四射珊瑚化石。经多布罗留保娃(T.A.)和柯巴科维奇(H.B.)鉴定珊瑚化石有下列各种:Caninia ex.gr.spumosa Gorsky;Caninia spumosa var.aeseptata Gorsky;Caniniaaff.lenburbensis Lervia;Campophyllum aff.amplexoides Stuck.和Feberophyllum sp.等。腕足动物化石除以下描述的新属以外,经作者鉴定同层尚有下列各种:Dictyoclostusrobustus(Tolmatchev);Dictyoclostus crawfordsvillensis(Weller);Pseudosyrinx(?)plenus     

中国八种麻蜥(蜥蜴科,麻蜥属)形态学研究

对8种麻蜥外部形态进行主成分分析,可分为4个种组:1)丽斑麻蜥Eremias argus与山地麻蜥Eremiasbrenchleyi;2)快步麻蜥Eremias velox与虫纹麻蜥Eremias vermiculata;3)密点麻蜥Eremias multiocellata、荒漠麻蜥Eremias przewalskii与敏麻蜥Eremias arguta;4)网纹麻蜥Eremias grammica.研究表明丽斑麻蜥前额鳞数不稳定;密点麻蜥莎车亚种Eremias multiocelfata yarkandensis可能为独立物种;荒漠麻蜥物种有效性值得怀疑.     

江西武宁晚奥陶世Dalmanitina的一个新亚属——Songxites

本文所记述的材料,是1965年9月,我系65级古生物专门组部分师生,采自江西武宁宋溪公社官头源附近上奥陶统顶部。经笔者鉴定,计2个种,其中一个为新种——武宁小达尔曼虫Dalmanitina(Dalmanitina)wuningensis,并于1974年发表在南京大学学报(自然科学版),第1期。由于笔者近来参加《华东地区古生物图册》编写工作,对该层三叶虫标本重新进行整理和研究,认为该种与Reed(1905)所建立的Dalmanitina(Dalmanitina)Reed在眼睛和     

中国麻蜥属的初步整理

麻蜥属(Eremias)是分布在古北界欧、亚、非三洲温带和暖温带的小型蜥类。广布于我国北方,为草原和荒漠的典型动物,分布南界大致到达江苏和安徽北部地区,以不越过长江为界。全世界约有麻蜥50种,根据近年来笔者在全国各地进行采集和鉴定,得知我国产的麻蜥共9     

河南省蜥蜴新纪录——米仓山龙蜥

在近年的野外调查中,在河南省伏牛山国家级自然保护区(2011年7月1～9日)和太行山猕猴国家级自然保护区(济源管理局,2010～2011年)分别采集到7号和5号鬣蜥科蜥蜴标本,经鉴定确定为米仓山龙蜥(Japalura micangshanensis),为河南省蜥蜴新纪录。标本分别保存于河南大学生命科学学院动物标本室和郑州大学生物标本室。此新纪录为研究米仓山龙蜥的形态变异和地理分布提供了基础资料。     

麻蜥属Eremias的系统学研究进展

由于各种原因, 麻蜥属的分类仍较混乱.本文对麻蜥属的系统学研究历史做了系统回顾, 从属、亚属、种等各级分类水平叙述了其研究历史, 包括属的建立与订正、物种组成、地理分布特征, 总结了通过外部形态和分子等研究手段, 在分类、系统发育、生物地理等研究层次上所取得的成果, 在此基础上提出需要深入研究麻蜥属的系统发育、谱系地理和物种形成机制等, 包括该属分布格局与青藏高原隆升、天山隆升及中亚荒漠化和第四纪冰期的关系.     

龙蜥属Diploderma(爬行纲Reptilia:鬣蜥科Agamidae)部分物种的分类及分布记录修订

尽管学者近期在中国龙蜥属Diploderma分类研究上取得了连续进展,我国龙蜥属物种的分布资料中仍有大量的存疑记录,例如多种龙蜥同域分布、记录分布点远离其余已知分布区、记录点与模式产地处于完全不同的生物地理区系等。本文结合形态及分子数据,对龙蜥属部分存疑记录进行了修订。确定了先前报道的云南省、西藏自治区、四川省、甘肃省及湖北省的草绿龙蜥Diploderma flaviceps记录为同属其他物种的误记;其中,四川省北部及甘肃省南部报道的草绿龙蜥为米仓山龙蜥D.micangshanense的误定,云南省中西部的草绿龙蜥为沙坝龙蜥D.chapaense的误定,西藏自治区与湖北省的草绿龙蜥分别为巴塘龙蜥D.batangense及米仓山龙蜥的误定,以上两地的巴塘龙蜥与米仓山龙蜥则分别代表西藏自治区和湖北省的省级爬行动物新记录。此外,确认了昆明龙蜥D.varcoae分布于云南省西双版纳的报道为地点信息的误记,实际标本采于云南省大理市鸡足山。确定了云南省景东彝族自治县先前记录的云南龙蜥D.yunnanense实际为沙坝龙蜥的误定,并拓展了早先认为是狭域分布的沙坝龙蜥的分布范围,将其分布区向西北方向扩大至云南省中西部。最后,更新了我国已知龙蜥属物种的分布及相关文献,并讨论了我国自然历史博物馆在更新物种分类及分布信息上的滞后及其对后续研究及物种保育的负面影响。     

对虾转基因研究的现状和展望

随着生物技术的发展,通过基因工程手段获得对虾新品种成为可能,然而经过十几年努力,目前对虾转基因研究依然处于初级阶段。各国科学家正在加紧研究,争取有所突破。综述了近年来国内外对虾转基因研究的进展以及目前面临的技术和安全问题,同时对未来对虾的转基因技术发展和应用前景进行了讨论 。     

Analysis of Urotomy and Regeneration in Agamid Lizards of the Genus Mantheyus (Reptilia: Sauria: Agamidae: Draconinae) Using X-ray Methods and a Computed Microtomography

Biology Bulletin - The results of an analysis of manifestations and combinations of urotomy and regeneration in the caudal part of the vertebral column in agamid lizards of the subfamily Draconinae...     

Thermophilic Hydrogen Production from Renewable Resources: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Hydrogen (H₂) is considered an alternative fuel of the future due to its high energy density and non-polluting nature. H₂ energy provides many advantages over fossil fuels in that it is renewable, eco-friendly, and efficient. The global demand for H₂ is increasing significantly; however, matching the supply of cost-competitive H₂ to meet the current demand is a major technological barrier. H₂ can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass and serve as a raw material for the synthesis of many industrially important chemicals. The use of thermophilic bacteria for biological production of H₂ appears to be a promising alternative route to the current H₂ production technologies. However, the carbon and H₂ production metabolisms in most thermophilic bacteria have not yet been completely understood. This paper summarizes the recent research progress made toward understanding the carbon utilization for H₂ production and developing gene manipulation techniques to enhance the H₂ production capabilities in thermophilic bacteria. It reviews the current status, future directions and opportunities that thermophiles can offer to enable a cost-competitive and environmentally benign H₂ production bioprocess.     

Strategies for Analysis of the Glycosylation of Proteins: Current Status and Future Perspectives

More than half of human proteins are glycosylated by a bewildering array of complex and heterogeneous N- and O-linked glycans. They function in myriad biological processes, including cell adhesion and signalling and influence the physical characteristics, stability, function, activity and immunogenicity of soluble glycoproteins. A single protein may be glycosylated differently to yield heterogenous glycoforms. Glycosylation analysis is of increasing interest in biomedical and biological research, the pharmaceutical and healthcare industry and biotechnology. This is because it is increasingly apparent that glycosylation changes in diseases, such as cancer, making it a promising target for development of clinically useful biomarkers and therapeutics. Furthermore, as the non-human cells employed in expression systems glycosylate their proteins very differently to human cells, and as glycosylation changes unpredictably under changing environmental conditions, glycans analysis for quality control, optimum efficacy and safety of recombinant glycoproteins destined for human therapeutic use is paramount. The complexities of carbohydrate chemistry make analysis challenging and while there are a variety of robust methodologies available for glycan analysis, there is currently a pressing need for the development of new, streamlined, high throughput approaches accessible to non-specialist laboratories.     

A positive fever response in Agama agama and Sceloporus orcutti (Reptilia: Agamidae and iguanidae)

Summary Three species of lizards (Agama agama, Mabuya perrotetii, and Sceloporus orcutti) were tested for a possible increase in mean selected body temperature (MSBT) in response to intraperitoneal injection of alcohol-killed Aeromonas sobria, a gram-negative bacterium known to be pathogenic to reptiles. A paired experimental design was utilized in which each animal was given an injection of sterile saline and 1 · 10¹⁰ A. sobria. Body temperatures were monitored via indwelling cloacal thermocouples at 4-min intervals for one 12-h light period under saline injection and for two consecutive 12-h light periods under bacteria injection. Agama agama demonstrated a significant increase in MSBT on both day 1 and day 2 of bacteria injection with increases of 2.7 and 2.3°C, respectively. The latency period on day 1 averaged 6.4 h. Sceloporus orcutti demonstrated a significant decrease in MSBT on day 1 of bacteria injection and a significant increase in MSBT of 1.0°C on day 2 of bacteria injection. No fever was evident in S. orcutti until the beginning of day 2. Mabuya perrotetii did not exhibit a significant change in MSBT on either day 1 or day 2 of bacteria injection. Agama agama (family Agamidae) is the first Old World reptile to exhibit a fever response to bacteria injection, and with these results fever has now been demonstrated in the lizard families Agamidae, Iguanidae, and Teiidae.Abbreviations MSBT mean selected body temperature - T _b body temperature     

A New Species of Japalura(Agamidae: Lacertilia: Reptilia) from Central Highland,Vietnam

A new species of the agamid genus Japalura is described based on three specimens from southern part of Central Vietnam.It is distinguished from remaining congeners by the following combination of characters: adult size(SVL females 68–69 mm),tail length/SVL ratio 226%–239%,HW/SVL ratio 17%–18%; FLL/SVL ratio 41%–43%; HLL/SVL ratio 72%–73%; 7–9 supralabials,7–9 infralabials,54–56 middorsal scales,20–22 lamellae under finger IV,24–26 lamellae under toe IV,1 scale between nasal and supralabials; tympanum concealed; absence of transverse gular fold.The geographical distribution of Japalura genus in general and of a new species in particular is discussed.