生物组织再生材料

日前,库克医疗在中国正式推出一款高端生物组织再生材料——百得塞。据印第安纳大学与普渡大学外科学教授威廉？乌登介绍,百得塞有四项优点：包括携带生物信号强化组织再生、强效抗感染、完全再生新组织及再生组织强韧持久。该再生材料已被证实可以应用于各种疝的治疗。     

按需定型的生物活性支架

日前,以色列特拉维夫大学生物医学工程系的梅陶尔泽尔伯曼教授新开发了一种生物活性支架,可帮助断肢者实现骨骼和人体组织再生。     

牙周组织再生术联合口腔正畸对牙周炎患者血清炎症因子水平的影响及其疗效探究

目的:研究牙周组织再生术联合口腔正畸对牙周炎患者血清白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平的影响及其疗效。方法:选取2014年11月至2015年10月本院收治的78例牙周炎患者,按照入院顺序分为观察组和对照组,39例每组。对照组采取单纯的牙周组织再生术,观察组在此基础上联合口腔正畸进行治疗。治疗后,评价两组患者治疗的临床疗效,比较两组患者治疗前和治疗3个月后血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平、牙龈指数(GI)、龈沟出血指数(SBI)、牙菌斑指数(PLI)、牙周探诊深度(PD)、临床附着丧失(AL)的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组总的有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05),血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平、GI、SBI、PLI、PD、AL均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:牙周组织再生术联合口腔正畸治疗能有效降低牙周炎患者血清IL-6、IL-8、及TNF-α水平,提高其临床疗效。     

牙周组织再生术联合正畸治疗对牙周炎患者牙周状况及满意度的影响

目的:探讨牙周组织再生术联合正畸治疗对牙周炎患者牙周状况及满意度的影响。方法:选取我院于2016年3月-2017年4月期间收治的牙周炎患者76例为研究对象。按照随机数字表法将患者分为研究组(n=38)与对照组(n=38),对照组行牙周组织再生术,研究组行牙周组织再生术联合正畸治疗。于治疗前、治疗后3个月检查患者牙周指标情况和X线头影测量情况,对比两组患者治疗前后视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS),随访一年,于治疗1年后采用医院自制调查问卷评价患者满意度,观察并比较两组患者治疗后并发症发生情况。结果:治疗后3个月,两组患者的牙龈指数(GI)、菌斑指数(PLI)、龈沟出血指数(SBI)、牙周探诊深度(PD)以及临床牙周平均附着丧失(CAL)均显著降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后3个月,两组患者的SNA角、SNB角均显著降低,且研究组低于对照组,两组患者的ANB角显著升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后VAS评分较治疗前显著降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。研究组患者牙龈健康状况评分、口腔清洁能力评分、美观评分、满意度均高于对照组(P0.05),而两组患者咀嚼功能评分相比无统计学差异(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后并发症发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:牙周组织再生术与正畸治疗联合运用,对牙周组织健康状况有显著改善作用,且安全有效,提升患者满意度。     

牙周组织再生术联合无托槽隐形矫治对牙周炎患者龈沟液炎症因子的影响

目的 探讨牙周组织再生术(PTR)联合无托槽隐形矫治对牙周炎患者龈沟液炎症因子的影响,为该类患者的治疗提供参考.方法 选取2017年3月至2019年3月我院收治的120例牙周炎患者为研究对象,依据随机数字表分为再隐组和再直组,每组60例.再隐组患者给予PTR联合无托槽隐形矫治,再直组患者给予PTR联合直丝弓矫治.比较两...     

肺干细胞与肺再生研究进展

探寻肺干细胞来源和肺再生原理的动物实验及临床研究均有很大的进展.利用基因选择技术有效的分离、培养出纯化度较高的肺干细胞群;以及肺内原始细胞与生物兼容性较好的组织工程材料共同培养形成类肺泡细胞结构,对肺组织再生的动物实验和临床应用方面起到推进的作用.并且近年来,干细胞参与肺损伤修复的基础实验研究也有了长足的发展.现对肺干细胞与肺再生方面的最新进展做一综述.     

生长因子在肌腱再生中的应用

肌腱损伤是一个全球性的常见健康问题,肌腱的特性使得肌腱的愈合变得十分困难,损伤部位愈合后常常被疤痕组织替代,造成肌腱生物力学性质的损害。近年来,许多证据表明生长因子能够促进肌腱的再生愈合,这为治疗肌腱损伤开辟了新的方向。该文主要总结了近年来用于治疗肌腱损伤的相关生长因子及其对肌腱损伤的治疗作用和递送方法。阐明了未来可能通过生长因子、干细胞和生物支架的联合应用的组织工程的方法实现肌腱疤痕的消除及肌腱个体化再生。     

胰岛素样生长因子在牙周组织工程中作用的研究进展

牙周膜细胞作为牙周组织工程中的重要种子细胞,在一定因素的诱导下,能够分化形成牙周组织的各种细胞,比如成纤维细胞,成骨细胞等,这些细胞能够分泌纤维蛋白,骨钙素等,进而钙化形成骨组织等与牙周组织相似或者相同的成分。胰岛素样生长因子作为重要的细胞因子,很多研究表明它在细胞迁移、增殖、分化、促进分泌等方面发挥作用,所以胰岛素样生长因子一直受到研究者的青睐。本文将对胰岛素样生长因子在牙周组织工程中的种子细胞的不同作用的研究进展进行综述,同时对牙周组织工程中的未来进行展望。     

干细胞与再生医学研究及其产业化前景

再生医学是在生命科学、材料科学、计算机技术等众多学科交融渗透的基础上发展起来的,这一新兴技术领域涵盖了干细胞与克隆技术、体细胞重编程技术、组织工程技术、组织器官代用品、异种器官移植等多项现代生物技术,其研究与应用将给因疾病、创伤、衰老或遗传因素所造成的组织器官缺损或功能障碍的修复及再生治疗带来希望。     

Designing biomaterials for in situ periodontal tissue regeneration

The regeneration of periodontal tissue poses a significant challenge to biomaterial scientists, tissue engineers and periodontal clinicians. Recent advances in this field have shifted the focus from the attempt to recreate tissue replacements/constructs ex vivo to the development of biofunctionalized biomaterials that incorporate and release regulatory signals in a precise and near-physiological fashion to achieve in situ regeneration. The molecular and physical information coded within the biomaterials define a local biochemical and mechanical niche with complex and dynamic regulation that establishes key interactions with host endogenous cells and, hence, may help to unlock latent regenerative pathways in the body by instructing cell homing and regulating cell proliferation/differentiation. In the future, these innovative principles and biomaterial devices promise to have a profound impact on periodontal reconstructive therapy and are also likely to reconcile the clinical and commercial pressures on other tissue engineering endeavors.     

Cementum is key to periodontal tissue regeneration: A review on apatite microstructures for creation of novel cementum-based dental implants

The cementum is the outermost layer of hard tissue covering the dentin within the root portion of the teeth. It is the only hard tissue with a specialized structure and function that forms a part of both the teeth and periodontal tissue. As such, cementum is believed to be critical for periodontal tissue regeneration. In this review, we discuss the function and histological structure of the cementum to promote crystal engineering with a biochemical approach in cementum regenerative medicine. We review the microstructure of enamel and bone while discussing the mechanism underlying apatite crystal formation to infer the morphology of cementum apatite crystals and their complex structure with collagen fibers. Finally, the limitations of the current dental implant treatments in clinical practice are explored from the perspective of periodontal tissue regeneration. We anticipate the possibility of advancing periodontal tissue regenerative medicine via cementum regeneration using a combination of material science and biochemical methods.     

Advanced biomaterials and their potential applications in the treatment of periodontal disease

Periodontal disease is considered as a widespread infectious disease and the most common cause of tooth loss in adults. Attempts for developing periodontal disease treatment strategies, including drug delivery and regeneration approaches, provide a useful experimental model for the evaluation of future periodontal therapies. Recently, emerging advanced biomaterials including hydrogels, films, micro/nanofibers and particles, hold great potential to be utilized as cell/drug carriers for local drug delivery and biomimetic scaffolds for future regeneration therapies. In this review, first, we describe the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, including plaque formation, immune response and inflammatory reactions caused by bacteria. Second, periodontal therapy and an overview of current biomaterials in periodontal regenerative medicine have been discussed. Third, the roles of state-of-the-art biomaterials, including hydrogels, films, micro/nanofibers and micro/nanoparticles, developed for periodontal disease treatment and periodontal tissue regeneration, and their fabrication methods, have been presented. Finally, biological properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability and immunogenicity of the biomaterials, together with their current applications strategies are given. Conclusive remarks and future perspectives for such advanced biomaterials are discussed.     

Recent advances in heart regeneration

Although cardiac stem cells (CSCs) and tissue engineering are very promising for cardiac regenerative medicine, studies with model organisms for heart regeneration will provide alternative therapeutic targets and opportunities. Here, we present a review on heart regeneration, with a particular focus on the most recent work in mouse and zebrafish. We attempt to summarize the recent progresses and bottlenecks of CSCs and tissue engineering for heart regeneration; and emphasize what we have learned from mouse and zebrafish regenerative models on discovering crucial genetic and epigenetic factors for stimulating heart regeneration; and speculate the potential application of these regenerative factors for heart failure. A brief perspective highlights several important and promising research directions in this exciting field. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 99:160–169, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Dentin regeneration based on tooth tissue engineering: A review

Missing or damaged teeth due to caries, genetic disorders, oral cancer, or infection may contribute to physical and mental impairment that reduces the quality of life. Despite major progress in dental tissue repair and those replacing missing teeth with prostheses, clinical treatments are not yet entirely satisfactory, as they do not regenerate tissues with natural teeth features. Therefore, much of the focus has centered on tissue engineering (TE) based on dental stem/progenitor cells to create bioengineered dental tissues. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the use of cells in regenerating sections of a tooth or a whole tooth. Tooth tissue engineering (TTE), as a promising method for dental tissue regeneration, can form durable biological substitutes for soft and mineralized dental tissues. The cell-based TE approach, which directly seeds cells and bioactive components onto the biodegradable scaffolds, is currently the most potential method. Three essential components of this strategy are cells, scaffolds, and growth factors (GFs). This study investigates dentin regeneration after an injury such as caries using TE and stem/progenitor cell-based strategies. We begin by discussing about the biological structure of a dentin and dentinogenesis. The engineering of teeth requires knowledge of the processes that underlie the growth of an organ or tissue. Then, the three fundamental requirements for dentin regeneration, namely cell sources, GFs, and scaffolds are covered in the current study, which may ultimately lead to new insights in this field.     

Let-7a promotes periodontal bone regeneration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell aggregates via the Fas/FasL-autophagy pathway

Periodontal bone regeneration using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) transplantation is a promising method; however, the method for osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs needs to be improved. In this research, we sought to identify the roles of let-7a in the osteogenesis of BMMSCs and to provide a potential method for periodontal bone regeneration. Our previous study revealed that Fas/FasL is a target of let-7a. In this study, we demonstrated that let-7a overexpression significantly enhanced BMMSC-CAs osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, upregulation of Fas/FasL using the rfas/rfaslg plasmid obstructed the osteogenesis of BMMSCs by inhibiting autophagy. Furthermore, we confirmed that overexpression of let-7a activated autophagy and alleviated the inhibited osteogenesis by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA and the rfas/rfaslg plasmid of BMMSCs. In general, our findings showed that let-7a promoted the osteogenesis of BMMSCs through the Fas/FasL-autophagy pathway, suggesting that the application of let-7a in BMMSC-CAs based periodontal bone regeneration could be a promising strategy.     

Biocompatible alginate/nano bioactive glass ceramic composite scaffolds for periodontal tissue regeneration

Periodontal regeneration is of utmost importance in the field of dentistry which essentially reconstitutes and replaces the lost tooth supporting structures. For this purpose, nano bioactive glass ceramic particle (nBGC) incorporated alginate composite scaffold was fabricated and characterized using SEM, EDAX, AFM, FTIR, XRD and other methods. The swelling ability, in vitro degradation, biomineralization and cytocompatibility of the scaffold were also evaluated. The results indicated reduced swelling and degradation and enhanced biomineralization and protein adsorption. In addition, the human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) and osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells were viable, adhered and proliferated well on the alginate/bioglass composite scaffolds in comparison to the control alginate scaffolds. The presence of nBGC enhanced the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the hPDLF cells cultured on the composite scaffolds. Thus results suggest that these biocompatible composite scaffolds can be useful for periodontal tissue regeneration.     

Hearts beating through decellularized scaffolds: whole-organ engineering for cardiac regeneration and transplantation

Whole-organ decellularization and tissue engineering approaches have made significant inroads during recent years. If proven to be successful and clinically viable, it is highly likely that this field would be poised to revolutionize organ transplantation surgery. In particular, whole-heart decellularization has captured the attention and imagination of the scientific community. This technique allows for the generation of a complex three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix scaffold, with the preservation of the intrinsic 3D basket-weave macroarchitecture of the heart itself. The decellularized scaffold can then be recellularized by seeding it with cells and incubating it in perfusion bioreactors in order to create functional organ constructs for transplantation. Indeed, research into this strategy of whole-heart tissue engineering has consequently emerged from the pages of science fiction into a proof-of-concept laboratory undertaking. This review presents current trends and advances, and critically appraises the concepts involved in various approaches to whole-heart decellularization and tissue engineering.