不同季节圈养麋鹿免疫和应激水平的变化及相关性

麋鹿Elaphurus davidianus是我国Ⅰ级重点保护动物,IUCN红皮书列为野外灭绝物种。本研究采用非损伤性取样(noninvasive sampling)及酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)技术,对江苏大丰国家级自然保护区圈养麋鹿的免疫生理和应激生理指标进行了测定。结果表明:雌、雄麋鹿3种免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG和IgM含量秋季和夏季均高于冬季。雌性麋鹿IgG含量在各季节均高于雄性个体,比雄性个体具有更强的体液免疫;而雄性麋鹿IgM含量在各季节均高于雌性个体,雄性个体对异源免疫应答更灵敏。雌、雄麋鹿粪便皮质醇水平与IgM水平呈正相关,与IgG水平呈显著正相关,IgG是适合用于探测麋鹿免疫生理状态的指标,为麋鹿放归种群的监测和健康评价提供科学依据。     

COVID-19不同临床标本核酸和抗体结果特征及与病程相关性研究

为探讨COVID-19不同临床标本核酸和抗体的结果变化特征及其与病程相关性。本研究收集我院收治的39例COVID-19患者的咽拭子、大小便标本用于RT-PCR核酸检测,血清用于IgM、IgG抗体检测并分析结果。结果显示,COVID-19患者标本咽拭子及粪便核酸可检出阳性,发病15d后与发病初相比较咽拭子和粪便阳性病例明显减少,核酸检测Ct值升高明显;患者血清IgM、IgG抗体水平较健康者升高明显;咽拭子、粪便病毒核酸载量及IgM、IgG抗体水平与病程都高度相关(r=0.7387、r=0.5696;r=-0.546、r=0.6117,P<0.05)。本研究提示COVID-19患者咽拭子、粪便病毒核酸载量和IgM、IgG抗体水平结果差异明显,与病程相关性显著。     

大熊猫母兽育幼早期应激水平与母幼行为的关系

大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)属于晚熟性动物,育幼早期是幼仔存活和生长发育的关键时期,也是幼仔最易夭折时期。为了解大熊猫产后应激水平及其与母幼行为之间的关系,从行为适应机制的角度提高幼仔存活率,本研究利用酶联免疫吸附法监测7只处于育幼早期(产后0～75日)母兽粪便皮质醇含量,采用焦点动物取样法观测3对母幼个体的行为。结果显示：(1)育幼早期母兽皮质醇含量随幼仔日龄增长总体呈下降趋势(r=-0.950,P<0.001);(2)幼仔断奶前与断奶后相比,母兽皮质醇含量无显著差异(t=-0.935,P=0.361);(3)母兽皮质醇含量与母幼联系(r=0.918,P<0.001)、幼仔尖叫(r=0.777,P=0.001)和休息行为(r=0.731,P=0.002)均呈极显著正相关,与采食行为呈显著负相关(r=-0.608,P=0.016),而与舔幼仔行为不相关(r=0.366,P=0.179)。结果表明,大熊猫母兽育幼早期粪便皮质醇含量变化与幼仔生长发育有关,推测母兽的应激强度可能随幼仔御寒能力及自主活动能力的提升而降低;皮质醇可能参与母性行为调节,有助于...     

高通量血液透析对慢性肾衰竭尿毒症患者TLC 及免疫球蛋白水平的影响

目的:探究高通量血液透析对慢性肾衰竭尿毒症患者TLC及免疫球蛋白水平的影响。方法:选取我院收治的慢性肾衰竭尿毒症患者100例,随机分为实验组和对照组。对照组采用常规血液透析治疗,实验组采用高通量血液透析治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后TLC及免疫球蛋白水平的变化情况以及临床疗效。结果:实验组治疗有效率(96.0%)高于对照组(86.0%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后血肌酐水平下降,IgA,IgM及IgG水平升高,肺功能TLC水平升高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者治疗后血肌酐水平较低,IgA,IgM及IgG水平较高,肺功能TLC水平较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:高通量血液透析治疗能够改善慢性肾衰竭尿毒症患者的肺功能,增强免疫功能。     

匹多莫德联合酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗儿童抗生素相关性腹泻的临床疗效及对免疫功能与肠道菌群的影响

目的探讨匹多莫德联合酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗儿童抗生素相关性腹泻(AAD)的临床疗效及对免疫功能与肠道菌群的影响。方法选择74例抗生素相关性腹泻患儿,随机分为观察组和对照组。两组患儿均予以常规治疗,包括:抗炎、止泻、营养支持等,并予以酪酸梭酸活菌散0.5g,2次/d,疗程2周,观察组在此治疗的基础上加用匹多莫德口服液,400mg/次,2次/d,疗程2周。观察两组患儿治疗效果及不良反应发生情况,同时在治疗前后检测患儿粪便的球/杆菌比例、sIgA含量及免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM,T淋巴细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+、CD8+数值。比较不同治疗方案对患儿免疫功能及肠道菌群的影响。结果治疗2周后,两组患儿的球/杆菌比例均较治疗前下降(t=4.27、2.15,P0.05或P0.01),且观察组降低幅度明显大于对照组(t=3.26,P0.01);治疗2周后,两组患儿粪便sIgA含量均较治疗前升高(t=3.88,2.32,P0.05或P0.01),且观察组升高幅度大于对照组(t=2.45,P0.05);治疗2周后,两组患儿免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM及T淋巴细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+数值均较治疗前升高(t=5.79、2.50、4.99、2.38,2.03、2.14、2.25、2.19,P0.05或P0.01),且观察组升高的幅度大于对照组(t=2.2762、2.1872、3.1890、2.3018,P0.05或P0.01),而CD8+数值均较治疗前降低(t=5.98、2.39,P0.05或P0.01),且观察组降低的幅度大于对照组(t=2.15,P0.05);观察组治疗有效率明显优于对照组(χ2=5.64,P0.05);两组患儿治疗后均未发生药物不良反应。结论匹多莫德联合酪酸梭酸活菌散治疗儿童抗生素相关性腹泻能够有效的改善儿童的肠道菌群和免疫功能,提高治疗效果,安全性佳。     

免疫球蛋白在原发性胆汁性肝硬化与自身免疫性肝炎组织中的表达及意义

目的:原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)与自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)的临床表现存在相似性,因而不易鉴别及诊断。本研究对免疫球蛋白在PBC和AIH中的表达情况进行比较并分析其意义,为两种疾病的鉴别和诊断积累临床资料。方法:选取2011年10月-2012年10月在我院接受治疗的原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者20例作为PBC组,另选取20例同期入院治疗的自身免疫性肝炎患者作为AIH组。利用免疫组化法检测两组患者病变组织中免疫球蛋白IgM和IgG的表达水平,比较两组细胞的阳性表达率,并对阳性细胞含量进行评分。结果:PBC组:17例患者显示IgM阳性(85%),3例患者显示IgG阳性(15%),IgM与IgG比值1,IgM评分为3.2±0.8,IgG评分为1.5±0.6;AIH组:18例患者显示IgG阳性(90%),2例患者显示IgM阳性(10%),IgM与IgG比值1,IgM评分为1.2±0.7,IgG评分为2.4±0.9。PBC组的IgM评分明显高于AIH组,而AIH组的IgG评分则明显高于PBC组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:检测IgG和IgM的表达水平对原发性胆汁性肝硬化与自身免疫性肝炎的临床诊断具有较高的敏感性和特异性,可作为鉴别两种疾病的依据之一,值得进一步推广应用。     

复合微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生产性能、粪便菌群及血液指标的影响

目的 探讨复合微生态制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、粪便乳酸菌和大肠埃希菌数、血液红胞数以及血红蛋白含量及其对免疫水平的影响.方法 选择25日龄的断奶仔猪共108头,平均分为两组:Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组,每组3个重复,每个重复18只,Ⅰ组饲喂全价料+2.0‰复合微生态制剂;Ⅱ组为对照组,饲喂全价料,实验期为42 d.结果 至实验结束时,复合微生态制剂组的料重比显著低于对照组(P ＜0.05);14、28和42 d时复合微生态制剂组粪便中的大肠埃希菌数比对照组低7.94％,2.90％和4.89％,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);14d时,复合微生态制剂组粪便乳酸菌数与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),28和42 d时,两组粪便乳酸菌数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).14、28和42 d时复合微生态制剂组血液中红细胞数和血红蛋白浓度均显著高于对照组.两组血清尿素氮水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),复合微生态制剂组血清总蛋白和IgG的含量与对照组相比有升高的趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),复合微生态制剂组血清IgA和IgM的浓度显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 复合微生态制剂可以显著降低断奶仔猪的料重比,降低粪便中大肠埃希菌数量,促进血液红细胞和血红蛋白的含量,提高断奶仔猪的免疫水平.     

左乙拉西坦治疗小儿癫痫的临床疗效及对血清IgA、IgM、IgG水平的影响

目的:探讨左乙拉西坦用于治疗小儿癫痫的临床疗效及对血清IgA、IgM、IgG含量的影响。方法:选择2014年1月-2017年1月在我院就诊的癫痫患儿102例为研究对象,按治疗方式不同将其分为各51例患儿的观察组与对照组,观察组给予患儿左乙拉西坦片进行治疗,对照组给予患儿丙戊酸钠口服液进行治疗,两组患儿均治疗时间为24周。对比两组患儿的临床疗效、不良反应发生率、治疗前后血清IgA、IgM、IgG水平、认知功能评分和癫痫发作次数变化。结果:治疗后,观察组的总有效率96.09%(49/51)高于对照组84.31%(43/51)(P0.05);两组患儿的IgA、IgM和IgG含量均比治疗前有所下降,且观察组IgA和IgM含量低于对照组(P0.05),两组IgG含量无差异(P0.05);观察组的不良反应发生率11.76%(6/51)低于对照组25.49%(13/51)(P0.05);观察患儿的FIQ、PIQ和VIQ评分均比治疗前有所升高,对照组患儿的FIQ、PIQ和VIQ评分均比治疗前有所下降,观察组评分高于对照组(P0.05);治疗后,两组各类型癫痫患儿的发作次数均比治疗前有所降低(P0.05),且观察组各类型癫痫患儿的发作次数均明显少于对照组(P0.05)。结论:左乙拉西坦治疗小儿癫痫的疗效显著,可显著降低癫痫患儿的血清免疫球蛋白水平,改善认知功能,降低癫痫的发作次数,且安全性较高。     

肺炎支原体肺炎患儿血清免疫球蛋白变化及其临床意义

目的 探讨肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)患儿血清免疫球蛋白变化的临床意义.方法 随机抽取2010年6月~2012年6月在我院儿科就诊的50例肺炎支原体肺炎患儿和50例普通肺炎患儿,分为支原体感染组(MPP 组)和非支原体感染组(nMPP组),同时选取同期在我院体检的健康儿童50例作为对照组,分别对3组儿童的血清免疫球蛋白水平进行检测,比较其差异.同时根据症状轻重对支原体感染组患儿的血清免疫球蛋白水平进行比较.结果 MPP组和nMPP组血清免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM、IgG水平均高于对照组;MPP组IgM、IgG水平均高于nMPP组;重症组IgA、IgM、IgG水平均高于轻症组,以上差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).结论 体液免疫紊乱在MPP中发挥了重要作用,免疫球蛋白水平的检测为MPP的诊断和发病程度的判断提供一定的临床依据.     

太子参参须提取物对免疫抑制小鼠免疫保护作用的研究

本试验旨在研究太子参参须提取物(RPFRE)对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫保护作用。选取3～4周龄,体重20±2 g的KM雄性小鼠,随机分为对照(CK)组、环磷酰胺(CY)模型组、黄芪多糖(APS)组、RPFRE低、中、高剂量组,每组20只。第1～14天,CK组、CY组小鼠灌服双蒸水;APS组小鼠灌服200 mg/kg黄芪多糖;RPFRE低、中、高剂量组小鼠分别灌胃100、200、400 mg/kg太子参参须提取物;第15～17天,CK组小鼠腹腔注射生理盐水、其他五组小鼠腹腔注射80 mg/kg环磷酰胺。第18天采样,碳粒廓清法检测小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能;MTT法检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖能力;ELISA法检测细胞因子(IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IFN-γ)的含量;免疫比浊法检测血清免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgM、IgG)及补体(C_3和C_4)含量。结果显示,与模型组相比,RPFRE高剂量能显著升高小鼠脾脏指数和肝指数(P0.01),增强小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬能力(P0.05),促进脾淋巴细胞增殖(P0.01),促进细胞因子IL-2、IL-4和IFN-γ分泌(P0.01,P0.05),升高免疫球蛋白细胞IgA、IgM、IgG和补体C_3和C_4(P0.01)含量。上述结果表明,RPFRE能拮抗CY所致的脾脏、胸腺和肝脏的萎缩,提高免疫器官指数;高浓度RPFRE能干预CY损伤,维持巨噬细胞的吞噬能力,促进T淋巴细胞增殖,拮抗CY造成的免疫球蛋白和补体分泌水平降低,从而对免疫抑制小鼠发挥免疫保护作用。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of peroxidase- and laccase-catalyzed oxidation of N-substituted phenothiazines and phenoxazines

N -substituted phenothiazines (PTs) and phenoxazines (POs) catalyzed by fungal Coprinus cinereus peroxidase and Polyporus pinsitus laccase were investigated at pH 4–10. In the case of peroxidase, an apparent bimolecular rate constant (expressed as k _cat/K _m) varied from 1 ×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹to 2.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 7.0. The constants for PO oxidation were higher in comparison to PT. pH dependence revealed two or three ionizable groups with pK _a values of 4.9–5.7 and 7.7–9.7 that significantly affected the activity of peroxidase. Single-turnover experiments showed that the limiting step of PT oxidation was reduction of compound II and second-order rate constants were obtained which were consistent with the constants at steady-state conditions. Laccase-catalyzed PT and PO oxidation rates were lower; apparent bimolecular rate constants varied from 1.8×10⁵M⁻¹s⁻¹ to 2.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 5.3. PO constants were higher in comparison to PT, as was the case with peroxidase. The dependence of the apparent bimolecular constants of compound II or copper type 1 reduction, in the case of peroxidase or laccase, respectively, was analyzed in the framework of the Marcus outer-sphere electron-transfer theory. Peroxidase-catalyzed reactions with PT, as well as PO, fitted the same hyperbolic dependence with a maximal oxidation rate of 1.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ and a reorganization energy of 0.30 eV. The respective parameters for laccase were 5.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ and 0.29 eV. Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 February 2000     

Coiled-coil nanomechanics and uncoiling and unfolding of the superhelix and alpha-helices of myosin

The nanomechanical properties of the coiled-coils of myosin are fundamentally important in understanding muscle assembly and contraction. Force spectra of single molecules of double-headed myosin, single-headed myosin, and coiled-coil tail fragments were acquired with an atomic force microscope and displayed characteristic triphasic force-distance responses to stretch: a rise phase (R) and a plateau phase (P) and an exponential phase (E). The R and P phases arise mainly from the stretching of the coiled-coils, with the hinge region being the main contributor to the rise phase at low force. Only the E phase was analyzable by the worm-like chain model of polymer elasticity. Restrained molecular mechanics simulations on an existing x-ray structure of scallop S2 yielded force spectra with either two or three phases, depending on the mode of stretch. It revealed that coiled-coil chains separate completely near the end of the P phase and the stretching of the unfolded chains gives rise to the E phase. Extensive conformational searching yielded a P phase force near 40 pN that agreed well with the experimental value. We suggest that the flexible and elastic S2 region, particularly the hinge region, may undergo force-induced unfolding and extend reversibly during actomyosin powerstroke.     

Synthesis of hapten and conjugates of coumestrol and development of immunoassay

3-O-Carboxymethylcoumestrol was prepared as the hapten for immunoassay by a partial alkylation of coumestrol with ethyl chloroacetate in acetone alkalized with potassium carbonate. 3-O-Ethoxycarbonylmethylcoumestrol was separated by column chromatography and finally was hydrolyzed with formic acid. 1H and 13C NMR data (APT, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) revealed that the reaction was regioselective, as 3-O-ethoxycarboxymethylcoumestrol was the only monosubstituted derivative. The hapten was then conjugated to bovine serum albumin and used for immunization of rabbits. A radioimmunoassay (RIA) system was established based on the polyclonal antiserum and a 125I-labeled hapten-tyrosine methyl ester conjugate as the radioligand. Parameters of the RIA: sensitivity: 12 pg per tube, 50% intercept: 140 pg per tube, working range: 20-4000 pg per tube. The cross-reactivity of a panel isoflavonoid and lignan phytoestrogens was either negligible (e.g. formononetin 0.07%; biochanin A 0.06%) or not detectable at all. The major immunoreactive peak in HPLC fractions from an alfalfa extract had the same retention time as coumestrol standard and represented 94.8% of the signal. The remaining 5.2% of immunoreactivity was distributed between five minor peaks. We conclude that after the validation for particular matrices, the method will be a useful tool for analysis of coumestrol, especially in low volume and low concentration samples.     

放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用和氮、碳吸收与转运的影响

研究放牧对草地植物生理活动的影响,对于揭示草地放牧演替的生理机制有重要意义.大量研究表明,家畜放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用以及C和N吸收与转运的影响,可以分为生理伤害和生理恢复2个阶段.放牧通过改变草地冠层结构影响牧草光合作用,净光合作用速率短期内迅速下降,随着叶面积指数增加又逐渐上升,呼吸作用有相似的变化趋势.牧草放牧后再生长所需的C和N最初主要来自根系和留茬中的贮藏物质,此后随着牧草生长恢复逐渐由同化作用供给,C代谢与土壤N水平负相关.放牧后牧草生理活动变化与牧草遗传特性、种间竞争、家畜放牧特征、非生物环境等因素密切相关.     

白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较

以白术（Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.）二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。     

Effect of soil salinity and water stresses on growth and content of nitrogen,chloride and phosphate of wheat and triticale

Summary Three wheats and one triticale were grown, up to flowering stage, in pots on calcareous soil adjusted to a range of salinities (S₁=3.5, S₂=6, S₃=8.5, and S₄=11 mmhos/cm, 20°C, soilpaste extract) by adding solution consisting of 3∶2∶1 of Na-, Ca- and Mg chlorides in chemical equivalent amounts. Moisture in the pots was kept at 100% (W₁), 40% (W₂) and 20% (W₃) of the available water. The vegetative growth, nitrogen and phosphate were affected by S and W treatments, chloride was affected only by S. The interaction S×W affected only dry weight. Varietal effect was observed between wheat as a group and triticale. Multiple quadratic regression equations of these properties on salinity and water revealed that the higher the available water the wider the range of tolerable salinity. Triticale was relatively more tolerant to water stress. Salinity increases Cl and decreases N, whereas water stress enhances N accumulation to a certain extent. However, in triticale at S₃ and S₄ the effect of water stress on N was overshadowed by the excessive salinity. This did not occur for the wheat (Florence). P trends were described. R² for P was low (0.7435–0.3603) which made interpretations rather difficult.