新疆伊贝母有效成分含量与气候因子相关性分析

应用系统相关分析法和灰色关联度分析法,研究伊贝母(新疆贝母Fritillaria walujewii、伊犁贝母F. pallidiflora)有效成分含量与气候因子的相关性,筛选影响其质量的主导因子。结果表明,新疆不同产地气候因子存在较大差异,伊贝母总生物碱和西贝母碱含量与年均气温、地面温度、日照时数、相对湿度、降水量等5个气候因子无显著相关性;西贝母碱苷含量与年均相对湿度有极显著正相关(P<0.01),与年均地面温度有显著正相关(P<0.05),与年均日照时数有显著负相关(P<0.05);水溶性成分腺苷含量与年均降水量和地面温度均有显著正相关(P<0.05);水溶性成分β-胸苷含量与年均气温、相对湿度和地面温度均有显著正相关(P<0.05),与年均日照时数有显著负相关(P<0.05)。上述相关分析结果与灰色关联度分析结果一致。年均气温、降水量、相对湿度和地面温度升高有助于伊贝母中西贝母碱苷、腺苷和β-胸苷的形成与积累,年均日照时数升高则抑制西贝母碱苷和β-胸苷的形成与积累。伊贝母最佳适宜生长的气候条件为年均气温13～27℃,降水量169～288 mm,相对湿度55%～66%,日照时数2140～2547 h,地面温度26～41 ℃。     

野生火棘果有效成分研究进展

系统综述了近20年来国内外野生火棘果营养成分、药用成分、天然色素和加工应用方面的研究成果与进展情况,探讨了火棘果有效成分研究目前存在的问题和未来的发展方向。     

玉竹品质与主要生态因子的相关性

采用逐步回归、主成分分析和灰色关联度分析等方法,研究不同产地野生玉竹的有效成分(多糖、水溶物和醇提物)含量和抗氧化活性与主要生态因子的相关性.结果表明: 1月均温、7月均温、年降水量、无霜期、土壤pH和全钾含量是影响玉竹有效成分含量的主要生态因子,对玉竹有效成分含量变化的影响程度占99.0%.与土壤因子相比,气候因子对3种有效成分含量的影响较大;土壤全钾含量是对玉竹有效成分含量直接影响最大的因素,年降水量是最主要的决策因素,1月均温是最主要的限制因素.多糖和水溶物含量是影响玉竹抗氧化活性的主要因子,玉竹对DPPH自由基的清除能力随多糖和水溶物含量的增加而增大.     

玉竹品质与主要生态因子的相关性

采用逐步回归、主成分分析和灰色关联度分析等方法,研究不同产地野生玉竹的有效成分(多糖、水溶物和醇提物)含量和抗氧化活性与主要生态因子的相关性.结果表明: 1月均温、7月均温、年降水量、无霜期、土壤pH和全钾含量是影响玉竹有效成分含量的主要生态因子,对玉竹有效成分含量变化的影响程度占99.0%.与土壤因子相比,气候因子对3种有效成分含量的影响较大;土壤全钾含量是对玉竹有效成分含量直接影响最大的因素,年降水量是最主要的决策因素,1月均温是最主要的限制因素.多糖和水溶物含量是影响玉竹抗氧化活性的主要因子,玉竹对DPPH自由基的清除能力随多糖和水溶物含量的增加而增大.     

云南不同产地珠子参的品质评价研究

目的：研究不同产地野生珠子参的竹节参皂苷IVa和总皂苷的含量差异，结合农艺性状对三个不同产地珠子参的种质资源进行评价，为珠子参的栽培及优质种质的筛选提供理论基础。方法：以云南三个不同产地野生珠子参为研究对象，采用紫外分光光度法和试剂显色法测定珠子参中总皂苷的含量；采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定珠子参中竹节参皂苷IVa的含量；采用民族植物学田野调查法研究云南三个不同产地珠子参的农艺性状。结果：云南三个不同产地的野生珠子参，以云南省丽江市玉龙县的野生珠子参中总皂苷和竹节参皂苷IVa的含量最高，其珠子参总皂苷的含量为15.21%±1.25%，珠子参中竹节参皂苷IVa的含量为4.78%±0.35%，农艺性状也相对较优。结论：不同产地的珠子参质量差异较大，云南省丽江市玉龙县的野生珠子参品质较好，具有较高的开发利用价值。     

基于灰色关联的苗药红禾麻总黄酮含量影响因子分析

采用Al Cl3比色法对苗药红禾麻42个居群中的总黄酮含量进行分析测定,并用土壤养分测定仪测定对应产地土壤中的铵态氮、速效磷、有效钾、p H值和水分,通过向距产地较近的气象部门查询和以全球卫星定位系统GPS、海拔表等测定地理气候因子,结合42个居群红禾麻ISSR遗传多样性分析结果,运用灰色关联度分析法对红禾麻不同种质资源药材中总黄酮的含量与各影响因子进行相关性分析。结果表明:42个红禾麻不同种质资源药材总黄酮含量为0.42%~2.16%,平均加样回收率为97.86%,RSD为1.5%;环境因子和遗传因子中与总黄酮含量关联度较大的因素分别为无霜期和Shannon信息指数I,而各影响因子与总黄酮含量的关联度中,以Shannon信息指数I(r=1.03)最大,土壤p H(r=0.49)最小,表明遗传因子对红禾麻药材总黄酮含量的影响大于环境因子。该研究结果为红禾麻药材优良种质资源筛选及野生变家种研究提供了依据。     

黄芪化学成分与生态因子的相关性

以主成分分析(PCA)和相关性分析(CA)法研究黄芪中主要有效成分与生态因子的相关性,探究影响黄芪主要成分积累的生态因子.结果表明: 山西产地黄芪中的黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮苷、芒柄花苷、山奈酚和黄芪多糖的含量显著高于内蒙古和甘肃两地.影响黄芪化学成分含量的气候因子主要为年均相对湿度、年日照时数及7月均温.影响黄芪化学成分含量的土壤元素主要为钙,且钙在一定范围内与毛蕊异黄酮苷、山柰酚、芒柄花苷、槲皮素、黄芪多糖的含量呈负相关.     

湘西自治州不同产地火棘果实的营养成分

测定了产于湖南省湘西州吉首市、永顺县和凤凰县3个居群火棘果实的部分营养成分含量。结果表明,可溶性糖含量和蛋白质含量以吉首产火棘最高,分别为5.47%和7.13%,粗纤维含量以凤凰产火棘最高,为5.86%,维生素C含量以永顺县产火棘最高,为43.49 mg/100g。在吉首产同一居群火棘果实的不同采收期,可溶性糖和蛋白质含量随采摘期的延长而上升,粗纤维含量则下降。     

野生多叶棘豆中芦丁的动态积累规律

目的：为确定野生多叶棘豆的最佳采收期提供实验依据.方法：采用高效液相色谱法对不同采收期野生多叶棘豆中芦丁含量进行测定,考察其指标成分芦丁的含量变化趋势.结果：多叶棘豆中芦丁的动态积累有一定规律.在7月末8月初以前其芦丁含量有上升趋势,8月初以后其芦丁含量逐渐下降.结论：为保证药材的质量,根据多叶棘豆中有效成分的动态积累规律,有必要在其最佳采收期采集药材.     

云南9种悬钩子属植物果实品质比较与综合评价

目的：对云南9种野生悬钩子果实品质进行初步测定与分析，筛选出果实品质较好的悬钩子种质。方法：以云南省9种野生悬钩子属植物果实为材料，测定果实的横径、纵径、果形、果色和8种营养成分等指标，并运用多重比较、主成分分析和隶属函数等方法，对野生悬钩子果实品质进行综合评价。结果：不同悬钩子果实表型和营养成分存在显著差异；主成分分析将果实表型和营养成分指标简化为四个主成分，可解释所有变量原始信息的85.643%；采用隶属函数法确定权重，结合主成分分析，构建了悬钩子果实品质综合评分模型，并对9种悬钩子果实品质进行综合评价，得分排序为：光滑悬钩子>红泡刺藤>桔红悬钩子>大乌泡>高粱泡>插田泡>掌叶悬钩子>栽秧泡>红毛悬钩子。研究筛选出两份果实品质相对较好的种质资源，分别为光滑悬钩子和红泡刺藤。结论：光滑悬钩子的果实纵、横径和果重最大，蛋白质、氨基酸和有机酸含量较低，总黄酮含量最高；红泡刺藤果实横径和果重较大，总糖、花色苷、总酚含量极显著高于其他所有悬钩子，总黄酮含量较高且有机酸含量较低。在今后的驯化栽培时，可优先选择光滑悬钩子和红泡刺藤。     

Characterization of SSEA-1 glycolipids from the brain of a patient with fucosidosis

Neutral glycolipids from the brain of a patient with Fucosidosis were analyzed and two complex glycolipids containing five and eight sugars were isolated from the cortical grey matter. These two glycolipids reacted with antibodies recognizing the SSEA-1 [Le^x(X)] carbohydrate determinant. SSEA-1 glycolipids are normally expressed in human embryonic brain but are found in only small amounts in postnatal human brain. The accumulation of the two SSEA-1 glycolipids in Fucosidosis brain thus represents a defect which affects the normal developmentally regulated decrease in postnatal, expression of these glycolipids, and may be a contributing factor in the abnormal brain development associated with the disease. Chemical characterization of the two isolated glycolipids by gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses has identified the two glycolipids as lacto-N-fucopentaosylceramide (III) and difucosyl-neolactonorhexaosylceramide.Abbreviations DCl direct chemical ionization - FAB tastatiom bombardment - GC gas chromatography - GSLs glycosphingolipids - MS mass spectrometry - SSEA-1 stage specific embryonic antigen-1 - TLC thin layer chromatographys     

Phylogeny of cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Apogonidae) and the evolution of visceral bioluminescence

The cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) are a diverse clade of small, mostly reef-dwelling fishes, for which a variety of morphological data have not yielded a consistent phylogeny. We use DNA sequence to hypothesize phylogenetic relationships within Apogonidae and among apogonids and other acanthomorph families, to examine patterns of evolution including the distribution of a visceral bioluminescence system. In conformance with previous studies, Apogonidae is placed in a clade with Pempheridae, Kurtidae, Leiognathidae, and Gobioidei. The apogonid genus Pseudamia is recovered outside the remainder of the family, not as sister to the superficially similar genus Gymnapogon. Species sampled from the Caribbean and Western Atlantic (Phaeoptyx, Astrapogon, and some Apogon species) form a clade, as do the larger-bodied Glossamia and Cheilodipterus. Incidence of visceral bioluminescence is found scattered throughout the phylogeny, independently for each group in which it is present. Examination of the fine structure of the visceral bioluminescence system through histology shows that light organs exhibit a range of morphologies, with some composed of complex masses of tubules (Siphamia, Pempheris, Parapriacanthus) and others lacking tubules but containing chambers formed by folds of the visceral epithelium (Acropoma, Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia). Light organs in Siphamia, Acropoma, Pempheris and Parapriacanthus are distinct from but connected to the gut; those in Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia are simply portions of the intestinal tract, and are little differentiated from the surrounding tissues. The presence or absence of symbiotic luminescent bacteria does not correlate with light organ structure; the tubular light organs of Siphamia and chambered tubes of Acropoma house bacteria, those in Pempheridae and the other Apogonidae do not.     

Taxonomic status of the species of the green algal genusNeochloris

Komárek has recently reviewed the various species assigned to the green algal genusNeochloris Starr (Chlorococcales, Chlorococcaceae) and removed those with uninucleate vegetative cells to a new genus,Ettlia. Watanabe & Floyd, unaware ofKomárek's work, also reviewed the species ofNeochloris and distributed them among three genera—Neochloris, Chlorococcopsis gen. nov., andParietochloris gen. nov.—on the basis of details of the covering of the zoospore and the arrangement of the basal bodies of the flagellar apparatus. This paper reconciles these two treatments and makes additional recommendations at the ranks of genus, family, order, and class.     

Elucidation of Structure of Lipid A from the Marine Gram-Negative Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis ATCC 14393T

The chemical structure of lipid A, from the marine -proteobacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis 14393, a main product of lipopolysaccharide hydrolysis (1% AcOH), was determined using chemical methods and NMR spectroscopy. The lipid A was shown to be -1,6-glucosaminobiose 1,4-diphosphate acylated with two (R)-3-hydroxyalkanoic acid residues at C3 and C3 and amidated with one (R)-3-hydroxydodecanoyl and one (R)-3-dodecanoyloxydodecanoyl residue at N2 and N2, respectively.     

Systematic significance of mature embryo of bamboos

The mature embryo of seven species belonging to five genera of Indian bamboos is described. In all these the basic pattern of embryo organisation is same: the scutellar and coleoptilar bundles are not separated by an internode, the epiblast is absent, the lower portion of the scutellum and the coleorhiza are separated by a cleft and the margins of embryonic leaves overlap. The features unique to fleshy fruited bamboos are: presence of a massive scutellum, the juxtaposition of plumule and radicle and the occurrence of a bud in the axil of the coleoptile. The fleshy fruit bearing bamboos should be classified into one group, the tribeMelocanneae. Evidence is provided to recognise additional groups in the subfamilyBambusoideae.     

Identification of novel oocyte and granulosa cell markers

Here we present novel gene expression patterns in the ovary as part of an ongoing assessment of published micro-array data from mouse oocytes and embryos. We present the expression patterns of 13 genes that had been determined by micro-array to be expressed in the mature egg, but not during subsequent preimplantation development. In-situ hybridization of sectioned ovaries revealed that these genes were expressed in one of two distinct patterns: (1) oocyte-specific or (2) expressed in both the oocyte and surrounding granulosa cells. Despite the fact that micro-array data demonstrated expression in the egg, several of these genes are expressed at low levels in the oocyte, but strongly expressed in granulosa cells. Eleven of these genes have no reported function or expression during oogenesis, indicating that this approach is a necessary step towards functional annotation of the genome. Also of note is that while some of these gene products have been well characterized in other tissues and cell types, others are relatively unstudied in the literature. Our results provide novel gene expression information that may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of follicular recruitment, oocyte maturation and ovulation and will direct further experimentation into the role these genes play during oogenesis.     

A molecular phylogeny of Hebeloma species from Europe

In order to widen the scope of existing phylogenies of the ectomycorrhizal agaric genus Hebeloma a total of 53 new rDNA ITS sequences from that genus was generated, augmented by sequences retrieved from GenBank, and analysed using Bayesian, strict consensus and neighbour joining methods. The lignicolous Hebelomina neerlandica, Gymnopilus penetrans, and two species of Galerina served as outgroup taxa. Anamika indica, as well as representatives of the genera Hymenogaster and Naucoria, were included to test the monophyly of Hebeloma, which is confirmed by the results. Hebeloma, Naucoria, Hymenogaster and Anamika indica cluster in a strongly supported monophyletic hebelomatoid clade. All trees largely reflect the current infrageneric classification within Hebeloma, and divide the genus into mostly well-supported monophyletic groups surrounding H. crustuliniforme, H. velutipes, H. sacchariolens, H. sinapizans, and H. radicosum, with H. sarcophyllum being shown at an independent position; however this is not well supported. The section Indusiata divides with strong support into three groups, the position of the pleurocystidiate Hebeloma cistophilum suggests the possible existence of a third subsection within sect. Indusiata. Subsection Sacchariolentia is raised to the rank of section.     

N-andO-glycosylation of glycoprotein C synthesized by Herpes simplex virus type 1-infected ricin resistant cells

The progeny of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) grown in ricin-resistant 14 cells (Ric^R14) lackingN-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I was released in the extracellular medium at a very low rate. By using a monoclonal antibody immobilized on Sepharose we purified from HSV-1-infected Ric^R14 cells a viral glycoprotein (gC), which carries bothN-andO-linked oligosaccharides. Glycopeptides obtained from [³H]mannoselabeled gC by Pronase digestion were entirely susceptible to endo--N-acetylglucosaminidase H, and the major oligosaccharide released was Man₄GlcNAc. The accumulation of this high-mannose species was related to the enzymic defect of the host cells and to the long retention of the viral glycoprotein within the cells. The extent ofO-glycosylation evaluated in [¹⁴C]glucosamine-labeled gC from Ric^R14 cells as compared to that of gC from wild type cells did not appear to be significantly modified.Abbreviations Con A concanavalin A - BHK cells baby hamster kidney cells - HSV Herpes simplex virus