人乳头瘤病毒芯片寡核苷酸探针的研究*

高危型人乳头瘤病毒(Humanpapillomavirus,HPV)是宫颈癌的主要致病因子。利用Arraydesigner2·0和BLAST等生物学软件对10种型别的人乳头瘤病毒全基因组序列进行分析,设计高特异性、熔解温度?和GC含量相近的60merHPV型特异性寡核苷酸探针,用于HPV检测芯片的制备,并对其中四型最常见HPV病毒(HPV6,11,16,18探针的有效性进行初步验证,结果表明设计所得的探针型特异性好,可以应用于HPV的检测与分型。     

目视化纳米探针检测宫颈癌组织HPV16E6基因的研究

目的：建立目视化纳米探针检测宫颈癌组织HPV16E6基因的方法,为临床降低HPV感染者宫颈癌的发病率提供技术支持。方法：采用固定于硅烷化片基上的捕获探针,特异性结合单链人乳头瘤病毒16型新疆株E6基因(HPV16E6)扩增片断,再与互补的纳米金颗粒标记的探针结合,通过银染加强显色。结果：初步建立了金标银染法快速检测HPV16E6 DNA的技术。结论：金标银染法灵敏,可以快速特异地检测出各类宫颈组织中人乳头瘤病毒的感染,为进一步应用于临床检测降低新疆维吾尔妇女宫颈癌的发病率奠定了基础。     

《柳叶刀-肿瘤学》：高危HPV DNA检测可初筛宫颈癌

高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）DNA检测可作为宫颈癌初筛方法,用于中国及其他发展中国家宫颈癌的二级预防。这一结论来自题为《高危型人乳头瘤病毒DNA检测作为宫颈癌初筛方法的有效性研究——中国以人群为基础的17个筛查研究综合分析》的论文。     

ELISPOT检测人乳头瘤病毒特异性的记忆T细胞

应用ELISPOT方法检测人乳头瘤病毒感染后自发清除者外周血中抗原特异性的记忆T细胞。收集人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染后自发清除者外周血（病毒清除后74个月）,分离外周血单个核细胞（peripheralblood mononuclear cells,PBMC）。体外应用已鉴定的表位肽刺激PBMC,10 d后计数细胞,去除表位肽,继续培养。第11天,ELISPOT方法检测PBMC中HPV抗原特异性的记忆T细胞。PBMC经表位肽刺激10 d后,细胞数量有明显增加,由最初的4.1×105增加为4.2×106。第11天,细胞数量增加为4.65×106,为抗原刺激前细胞数的11.3倍。ELISPOT结果显示,PBMC中的记忆T细胞活化后,能够识别抗原递呈细胞递呈的抗原肽,并分泌IFN-γ。此HPV自发清除者外周血中抗原特异性的记忆T细胞的频数为0.007%。人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染后自发清除者外周血存在抗原特异性记忆T细胞,抗原肽可激活记忆T细胞,使之数量增加,分泌IFN-γ。ELISPOT可用于检测外周血中HPV特异性的记忆T细胞。     

人乳头瘤病毒及宫颈癌疫苗的研究——解读2008年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖

德国科学家Harald zur Hausen因发现人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）导致子宫颈癌,与另外两位科学家共享了2008年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖．HPV是一组小DNA病毒,目前己鉴定有118型．HPV感染人的上皮组织,诱发产生包括妇女宫颈癌和尖锐湿疣在内的多种良恶性增生性疾病,目前已有两种人乳头瘤病毒预防性疫苗上市．对病毒的生物学特性、致癌机制及相关的疫苗的研究进行综述．     

人乳头瘤病毒与宫颈癌前病变的相关性研究

目的：探讨人乳头瘤病毒感染与宫颈癌前病变两者之间的相关性。方法：选择2009年11月～2011年12月来我院就诊的220例宫颈病变患者为研究对象,将患者分成4组,即炎症组、CINl组、CIN2组和CIN3组,各组进行人乳头瘤病毒检出率及病毒载量的比较。结果：炎症组、CINl、CIN2和CIN34组人乳头瘤病毒的检出率分别为67．2％、80％、87．3％和91．4％且4组之间比较差异有显著统计学意义（P〈O．001）。炎症组HPV感染的阳性率与CIN组比较显著降低（P〈0．005）,宫颈癌前病变各组HPV感染呈阳性的病毒载量差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：宫颈癌前病变的严重程度和感染高危型HPV病毒载量呈正相关,随着感染高危型HPV病毒载量越高,宫颈癌前病变的程度越严重。     

HPV病毒检测分型芯片的研制和优化

研制和优化寡核苷酸芯片以初步实现对多种常见HPV(Human papillomavirus)病毒的分型检测.应用生物学软件对四型常见HPV病毒(6、11、16、18型)的全基因组序列进行分析,设计具有型特异性、熔解温度(Tm)相近的～60 mer寡核苷酸探针,对玻片片基进行优化处理后,点样制备成寡核苷酸基因芯片.将含HPV全长基因序列的质粒作为阳性标准品,利用梯度限制性荧光标记技术对其进行荧光标记,标记好的样品与芯片杂交.结果显示HPV样品与相应的型特异性探针杂交有明显的荧光信号,而与阴性对照探针和空白对照探针没有杂交信号.通过对芯片片基处理和样品荧光标记方法的优化,可以提高芯片检测的杂交特异性和荧光信号强度.     

大肠杆菌来源的人乳头瘤病毒11型病毒样颗粒的制备及其免疫原性

摘要：【目的】 利用大肠杆菌表达系统制备人乳头瘤病毒11型病毒样颗粒（HPV11 VLPs）,并对其免疫原性和所诱导中和抗体的型交叉反应性进行研究。 【方法】 在大肠杆菌ER2566中非融合表达HPV11-L1蛋白,并通过离子交换层析,疏水相互作用层析其进行纯化。纯化后的HPV11-L1经体外组装形成病毒样颗粒,通过动态光散射,透射电镜检测其形态,并通过多种HPV型别假病毒中和实验评价HPV11 VLPs的免疫原性及型交叉反应性。 【结果】 HPV11-L1蛋白在大肠杆菌中可以以可溶形式表达。经过硫酸铵沉     

人乳头瘤状病毒分型检测技术研究进展

HPV病毒有100多个亚型,反复持续的高危型人乳头瘤状病毒(Human papillomavirus,HPV)的感染是子宫颈癌发生的必要条件.对其进行分型检测,对子宫颈病变的早期发现和预防有很重要的意义.近年来,HPV分型检测技术发展十分迅速,本文对其相关研究新进展进行综述.     

基于环介导等温扩增技术对人乳头瘤病毒的分型检测

目的:利用环介导等温扩增技术(LAMP)对人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)进行快速分型检测。方法:以HPV59、HPV66和HPV68等3种病毒亚型为实验对象,选择合适的特异性核酸序列作为检测的靶序列并构建质粒,针对每个待检靶序列设计若干组扩增引物,并利用构建的质粒筛选出特异性强、灵敏度高的引物组合;将筛选成功的引物加至微流控芯片上,实现人宫颈脱落上皮细胞样本内HPV的快速核酸分型检测。结果:针对HPV59、HPV66和HPV68这3种病毒亚型,设计筛选出具有一定灵敏度的特异性引物,结合微流控芯片,无需对样本进行复杂的核酸提取纯化操作,实现了对临床样本的直接快速检测,整个检测过程在1.5 h内即可完成。结论:LAMP技术可用于临床样本中HPV的分型检测,与微流控芯片结合后操作简单、检测时间短,在临床上有较好的应用前景。     

Oligonucleotide Microarray with RD-PCR Labeling Technique for Detection and Typing of Human Papillomavirus

Currently, screening for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection remains an important health concern throughout the world, because of the close association between certain types of HPV and cervical cancer. In this study, we explore the possibility of using ∼70mer oligonucleotide microarray for detection and genotyping of HPV. The ∼70mer type-specific oligonucleotide probes of four different types HPV were designed by using biological software Arraydesigner 2.0, which analyzed the whole genome sequences of HPV and selected optimal probes. These probes were synthesized and printed onto the surface of glass slides in order to prepare a low-density microarray. HPV samples were labeled with fluorescence dyes Cy3 using a method of restriction display polymerase chain reaction (RD-PCR). HPV plasmid DNA was restricted with Sau3A I to produce multiple fragments that were ligated to adaptors subsequently and used as PCR template. PCR labeling was performed with the fluorescently labeled universal primer (Cy3-UP) whose sequence is designed according to the adaptor of the RD-PCR approaches. The labeled samples were hybridized with the oligonucleotide microarray. The scanning results showed that HPV DNA hybridized specifically with multiple spots correspondingly to show positive signals, whereas no signals were detected of all the negative and blank controls. These results demonstrated that ∼70mer oligonucleotide microarray can be applied to HPV detection and genotyping. The application of RD-PCR in the sample labeling can increase significantly the sensitivity of the assay and will be especially useful for the discriminate diagnosis of multiple pathogens.     

尖锐湿疣样本中HPV病毒的分子检测

调查男性和女性尖锐湿疣样本中人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的检出率及病毒类型,为研发相关防治疫苗提供依据,以HPV 外壳蛋白DNA序列为模板设计特异引物,SSP－PCR扩增检测样本中HPV的感染率和病毒类型。收集了北京及邯郸市医院门诊尖锐湿疣样本22例,其中男性13例,女性9例。检测发现所有样本中存在着高浓度的HPV病毒DNA。男性样本中有5例感染HPV6型,6例感染HPV11型,2例为HPV6＋HPV11混合感染。女性样本中有3例感染HPV6型,2例感染HPV11型,4例为 HPV6＋HPV11混合感染。被诊断为宫颈湿疣的4位女性还在其含宫颈粘膜脱落细胞的样本中检出了HPV16、HPV18、HPV33、HPV35、HPV45、HPV54、HPV56或HPV58等高危险型病毒类型。所有检测到的HPV病毒DNA片段均TA克隆并将测定的DNA序列存入了国际基因数据库GenBank（DQ003066－DQ003079）。调查没有在单纯的男女尖锐湿疣组织块中检测到除HPV6和HPV11以外的其他HPV类型。该研究建立了灵敏可靠的HPV分子检测及分型方法,尖锐湿疣中HPV的检出率达100％。 本研究初步结果显示导致男女尖锐湿疣的HPV病毒类型没有显著差异,主要为HPV6及HPV11型。     

Comparison of MY09/11 consensus PCR and type-specific PCRs in the detection of oncogenic HPV types

The causal relationship between persistent infection with high-risk HPV and cervical cancer has resulted in the development of HPV DNA detection systems. The widely used MY09/11 consensus PCR targets a 450bp conserved sequence in the HPV L1 gene, and can therefore amplify a broad spectrum of HPV types. However, limitations of these consensus primers are evident, particularly in regard to the variability in detection sensitivity among different HPV types. This study compared MY09/11 PCR with type-specific PCRs in the detection of oncogenic HPV types. The study population comprised 15, 774 patients. Consensus PCR failed to detect 522 (10.9%) HPV infections indicated by type-specific PCRs. A significant correlation between failure of consensus PCR and HPV type was found. HPV types 51, 68 and 45 were missed most frequently. The clinical relevance of the HPV infections missed by MY09/11 PCR was reflected in the fraction of cases with cytological abnormalities and in follow-up, showing 104 (25.4%) CIN2+ cases. The MY09/11 false negativity could be the result of poor sensitivity, mismatch of MY09/11 primers or disruption of L1 target by HPV integration or DNA degradation. Furthermore, MY09/11 PCR lacked specificity for oncogenic HPVs. Diagnostic accuracy of the PCR systems, in terms of sensitivity (MY09/11 PCR: 87.9%; type-specific PCRs: 98.3%) and specificity (MY09/11 PCR: 38.7%; type-specific PCRs: 76.14%), and predictive values for histologically confirmed CIN2+, suggest that type-specific PCRs could be used in a clinical setting as a reliable screening tool.     

Array-based nano-amplification technique was applied in detection of hepatitis E virus

A rapid method for the detection of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) was developed by utilizing nano-gold labeled oligonucleotide probes, silver stain enhancement and the microarray technique. The 5'-end -NH(2) modified oligonucleotide probes were immobilized on the surface of the chip base as the capture probe. The detection probe was made of the 3'-end -SH modified oligonucleotide probe and nano-gold colloid. The optimal concentrations of these two probes were determined. To test the detection sensitivity and specificity of this technique, a conservative fragment of the virus RNA was amplified by the RT-PCR/PCR one step amplification. The cDNA was hybridized with the capture probes and the detection probes on microarray. The detection signal was amplified by silver stain enhancement and could be identified by naked eyes.100 fM of amplicon could be detected out on the microarray. As the results, preparation of nano-gold was improved and faster. Development time also was shortened to 2 min. Thus, considering high efficiency, low cost, good specificity and high sensitivity, this technique is alternative for the detection of HEV.     

小鼠细胞因子相关基因表达检测寡核苷酸芯片的制备及分析

生物芯片技术用于基因表达谱研究是近年来发展起来的一项新技术 ,该方法本质上是基于对一玻璃片或膜表面上固定的ｃＤＮＡ或寡核苷酸的分子杂交 ,这一新技术可同时测定成千上万个基因的作用方式 ,几周获得的信息用其它方法可能要几年才能得到 ,是以定量方式同时监测大量基因相对表达的强有力的新方法[1 ,2 ] 。国内外目前主要采用ｃＤＮＡ芯片进行基因表达的检测 ,芯片制备所用的ＤＮＡ探针一般为已知基因ｃＤＮＡ克隆的ＰＣＲ扩增产物或ＥＳＴ的扩增产物[3～ 8] 。对基因的表达检测来说 ,ｃＤＮＡ芯片技术是一条非常适用的检测方法 ,但在有…     

植物病毒检测芯片的杂交条件优化

利用芯片点样仪将5种侵染马铃薯的病毒/类病毒(苜蓿花叶病毒、黄瓜花叶病毒、黄瓜花叶病毒-卫星病毒、马铃薯病毒Y、马铃薯块茎纺锤状类病毒)的保守区寡核苷酸(Oligonucleotide,oligo)探针和PCR探针点样于玻片,并以植物18S rRNA作为内参照制成基因芯片。研究探针浓度、杂交时间、杂交温度以及点样液对芯片杂交的影响,并验证优化后病毒检测芯片的特异性。结果表明,寡核苷酸探针浓度介于5-20 ?mol/L之间对杂交信号强度影响不大,PCR探针浓度与杂交信号强度间呈线性关系;在45℃杂交4 h时,芯片的杂交信号最强,且该条件下进行杂交对两种探针芯片的影响趋势一致;点样液中以DMSO的杂交效果最好。经过整体条件优化后的两种探针芯片在杂交检测上具有较高的特异性,适于检测植物病毒。     

肛门生殖器区肿瘤组织中HPV的快速检测和分型

迄今已发现的人乳头瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）型已超过７７型,其中至少有３０个型与泌尿生殖道肿瘤有关。所以ＨＰＶ的检测与分型对于泌尿生殖道肿瘤的病因和预后将是非常重要的。ＨＰＶ有很大的异质性,故用常规的诊断技术来测定未知标本中的ＨＰＶ基因型有一定困难。为此,我们应用了反向点杂交法（ＲＯＢ）来检测ＨＰＶ分型。即用７种序列特异性寡核苷酸探针分别对应７型ＨＰＶ（ＨＰＶ６Ｂ、１１、１６、１８、３１、３３、３５）,这些     

Bonafide,type-specific human papillomavirus persistence among HIV-positive pregnant women: predictive value for cytological abnormalities,a longitudinal cohort study

This study investigated the rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) persistence, associated risk factors, and predictors of cytological alteration outcomes in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women over an 18-month period. HPV was typed through L1 gene sequencing in cervical smears collected during gestation and at 12 months after delivery. Outcomes were defined as nonpersistence (clearance of the HPV in the 2nd sample), re-infection (detection of different types of HPV in the 2 samples), and type-specific HPV persistence (the same HPV type found in both samples). An unfavourable cytological outcome was considered when the second exam showed progression to squamous intraepithelial lesion or high squamous intraepithelial lesion. Ninety patients were studied. HPV DNA persistence occurred in 50% of the cases composed of type-specific persistence (30%) or re-infection (20%). A low CD4⁺T-cell count at entry was a risk factor for type-specific, re-infection, or HPV DNA persistence. The odds ratio (OR) was almost three times higher in the type-specific group when compared with the re-infection group (OR = 2.8; 95% confidence interval: 0.43-22.79). Our findings show that bonafide (type-specific) HPV persistence is a stronger predictor for the development of cytological abnormalities, highlighting the need for HPV typing as opposed to HPV DNA testing in the clinical setting.     

Detection of bacterial pathogens in municipal wastewater using an oligonucleotide microarray and real-time quantitative PCR

As a first step toward building a comprehensive microarray, two low density DNA microarrays were constructed and evaluated for the accurate detection of wastewater pathogens. The first one involved the direct hybridization of wastewater microbial genomic DNA to the functional gene probes while the second involved PCR amplification of 23S ribosomal DNA. The genomic DNA microarray employed 10 functional genes as detection targets. Sensitivity of the microarray was determined to be approximately 1.0 microg of Esherichia coli genomic DNA, or 2 x 10(8) copies of the target gene, and only E. coli DNA was detected with the microarray assay using municipal raw sewage. Sensitivity of the microarray was enhanced approximately by 6 orders of magnitude when the target 23S rRNA gene sequences were PCR amplified with a novel universal primer set and allowed hybridization to 24 species-specific oligonucleotide probes. The minimum detection limit was estimated to be about 100 fg of E. coli genomic DNA or 1.4 x 10(2) copies of the 23S rRNA gene. The PCR amplified DNA microarray successfully detected multiple bacterial pathogens in wastewater. As a parallel study to verify efficiency of the DNA microarray, a real-time quantitative PCR assay was also developed based on the fluorescent TaqMan probes (Applied Biosystems).     

E4 Antibodies Facilitate Detection and Type-Assignment of Active HPV Infection in Cervical Disease

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the cause of nearly all cases of cervical cancer. Although the detection of HPV DNA has proved useful in cervical diagnosis, it does not necessarily predict disease presence or severity, and cannot conclusively identify the causative type when multiple HPVs are present. Such limitations may be addressed using complementary approaches such as cytology, laser capture microscopy, and/or the use of infection biomarkers. One such infection biomarker is the HPV E4 protein, which is expressed at high level in cells that are supporting (or have supported) viral genome amplification. Its distribution in lesions has suggested a role in disease staging. Here we have examined whether type-specific E4 antibodies may also allow the identification and/or confirmation of causal HPV-type. To do this, type-specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against three E4 proteins (HPV-16, -18, and -58) were generated and validated by ELISA and western blotting, and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of epithelial rafts containing these individual HPV types. Type-specific detection of HPV and its associated disease was subsequently examined using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cervical intra-epithelial neoplasias (CIN, (n = 247)) and normal controls (n = 28). All koilocytotic CIN1 lesions showed type-specific E4 expression of their respective HPV types. Differences were noted amongst E4 expression patterns in CIN3. HPV-18 E4 was not detected in any of the 6 HPV-18 DNA-positive CIN3 lesions examined, whereas in HPV-16 and -58 CIN3, 28/37 (76%) and 5/9 (55.6%) expressed E4 respectively, usually in regions of epithelial differentiation. Our results demonstrate that type-specific E4 antibodies can be used to help establish causality, as may be required when multiple HPV types are detected. The unique characteristics of the E4 biomarker suggest a role in diagnosis and patient management particularly when used in combination.