中国幽灵蛛属两新种记述(蜘蛛目:幽灵蛛科)

记述了幽灵蛛科幽灵蛛属2新种:舌幽灵蛛Pholcus lingulatus sp. nov. 和青城幽灵蛛Pholcus qingchengensis sp. nov..模式标本保存在河北大学生命科学学院.舌幽灵蛛,新种Pholcus lingulatus sp.nov. (图1～8)正模♀,副模2♂♂,2♀♀,吉林省桦甸市苇沙河,1973年8月13日.鉴别特征新种雄性触肢器的钩状突形状近似于Pholcus clavimaculatus Zhu et Song, 1999,但有如下2点不同:1)雄性触肢转节距呈弯指状,2)跗前突具一蛇舌状突起.新种的种名根据雄性触肢器跗前突、前侧突起的形状而拟定.青城幽灵蛛,新种Pholcus qingchengensis sp.nov. (图9～14)正模♂,副模1♂,四川省都江堰市青城山,1975年10月26日.鉴别特征新种雄性触肢器的钩状突形状近似于关氏幽灵蛛Pholcus guani Song et Ren, 1994,但有如下3点不同:1)雄性触肢转节距呈铲状,2)跗前突具一钉状突起,3)螯肢前面中部具2个突起.新种的种名根据模式标本的采集地而拟定.     

中国小类球蛛属洞穴一新种记述(蜘蛛目,类球蛛科)

记述产自贵州省荔波县茂兰自然保护区的类球蛛科小类球蛛属1新种,命名为宋氏小类球蛛Nesticella songi sp.nov..模式标本保存在贵州茂兰自然保护区管理局和河北大学生命科学学院.正模♂,副模1♂,2♀♀,贵州荔波县茂兰自然保护区水拔水洞,2001年7月7日,陈会明采.鉴别特征新种近似于台湾小类球蛛Nesticella taiwan Tso et Yoshida,2000,但其雄蛛触肢器的引导器基部中间突起呈三角形,副跗舟具5个分叉;雌蛛外雌器垂体呈舌状而不同于后者.     

中国洞穴产类球蛛属蜘蛛一新种(蜘蛛目,类球蛛科)

记述产自贵州省荔波县茂兰国家级自然保护区的类球蛛科类球蛛属1新种,命名为荔波类球蛛Nesticus libo sp.nov..模式标本保存在贵州茂兰国家级自然保护区管理局科研科和河北大学生命科学学院.正模♂,副模1♂,4♀♀,贵州茂兰国家级自然保护区翁外洞,2000年11月13日,陈会明采.鉴别特征:新种近似于上野类球蛛Nesticus uenoi Yaginuma,1972(296,fig 24-26,47,49),但其雄蛛触肢器的中突呈杵状,副跗舟的内侧分叉大;雌蛛外雌器的中隔呈梯形,而不同于后者.     

新疆皿蛛科一新种(蛛形纲:蜘蛛目)

在新疆乌鲁木齐和玛纳斯等地的麦田、苜蓿地和其他生境中采得皿蛛科侏儒蛛属一新种,定名为北疆侏儒蛛.本新种的副跗舟形状近似乡间侏儒蛛,但顶板和外雌器的形状区别明显。     

中国云南肖蛸科冲绳蛛属两新种(蜘蛛目,肖蛸科)

记述了采自云南的冲绳蛛属Okileucauge Tanikawa,20012新种:贡山冲绳蛛Okileucauge gongshan sp.nov.和长冲绳蛛Okileucauge elongatus sp.nov.。并提供了详细的文字描述,鉴别特征图和地理分布数据。模式标本保存在湖南师范大学生命科学学院,部分副模标本保存于美国加州科学院。贡山冲绳蛛,新种Okileucauge gongshan sp.nov.(图1～5,10)正模♂,云南福贡阿路底,海拔1250m,2004-04-23,彭光旭采,保存于湖南师范大学。副模2♀♀,数据同正模,保存于湖南师范大学。新种与谷川冲绳蛛O.tanikawa(Zhu,Song et Zhang,2003:281,图156)相似,但可从以下区别:1)其腹部背面中部具1由若干个不连续的梯形黑斑组成的黑色纵带,而后者的为"T"字形暗色斑;2)其生殖厣后部有4个对称的银色斑点,而后者无;3)触肢器盾片板状,而后者的触肢器盾片球形;4)贮精管不盘曲,后者贮精管盘曲。词源:新种种名因模式标本的产地而命名。分布:中国(云南)。长冲绳蛛,新种Okileucauge elongatus sp.nov.(图6～9)正模♂,云南泸水县片马镇产盐河,海拔2470m,2005-05-13,C.Griswold采。副模:11♂♂,保存于湖南师范大学;11♂♂,保存于美国加州科学院,信息同正模。鉴别特征该种雄蛛触肢器盾片大且横向延伸,宽约为跗舟的3倍,尾部逐渐变细,与该属其他种类明显不同。词源:新种种名因雄蛛触肢器盾片长而得名。分布:中国(云南)。     

中国西南安拉蛛属两新种记述(蛛形纲,愈螯蛛科)

记述了采自贵州洞穴和云南西双版纳雨林的愈螯蛛科安拉蛛属2新种,盘县安拉蛛Anapistula panensis sp.nov.和郑氏安拉蛛Anapistula zhengi sp.nov.,模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所(IZCAS).盘县安拉蛛,新种Anapistula panensis sp.nov.(图1～5)新种与A.bifurcate Harvey,1998相似.它们的区别为:前者触肢引导器呈不对称分叉,后者为对称分叉;前者跗舟具2根长背刺,后者缺失;前者生殖板中管成“Y”形,后者为“T”形;前者生殖板后缘直,后者呈弧形.正模♂,产自中国贵州省盘县珠东乡十里坪村神仙洞(25°37′N,104°45′E;海拔1 687 m),2007年3月15日.副模:1 ♂,50♀♀,采集信息同正模,刘杰、林玉成采.词源:新种种名源自模式产地地名;形容词.郑氏安拉蛛,新种Anapistula zhengi sp.nov.(图6～ 10)新种与A.secreta Gertsch,1941相似.它们区别为:前者跗舟具2根明显的长背刺,后者仅1根;前者触肢引导器呈三分叉,后者为二分叉;前者生殖板中管宽且短,后者窄且长;前者纳精囊较小,后者稍大.正模♂,产自中国云南省勐腊县勐仑镇西双版纳自然保护区雨林冠层(21°56′N,101°17′E;海拔876m),2006-09-19～ 2007-03-15.副模:48♂♂,156♀♀,采集信息同正模,郑国采.词源:新种种名源自采集人沈阳师范大学郑国博士的名字;词性为名词性同位语.     

拟环纹豹蛛雄蛛触肢上黑白相间毛饰物的功能

狼蛛科雄蛛附肢上多样化的饰装往往与求偶行为相偶联,这些特殊的饰装通常被认为是雌性选择的结果。拟环纹豹蛛Pardosa pseudoannulata,属狼蛛科豹蛛属,雄蛛触肢胫节密被白毛,跗舟密被黑毛,具有典型的性二型现象;同时,只有成熟的雄蛛才展现触肢黑白相间的毛饰物。推测拟环纹豹蛛雄蛛触肢这种黑白相间的毛饰物可能在物种识别中具重要作用。在室内我们拟通过涂抹操作对拟环纹豹蛛雄蛛触肢黑白相间毛饰物的功能进行分析。实验分为4组,分别是对照组(A组,雄蛛不做任何处理)、雄蛛触肢白色胫节全部涂成黑色(B组)、雄蛛触肢黑色跗舟全部涂成白色(C组)和雄蛛触肢的黑色跗舟被涂成黑色(D组),然后采用雌雄配对进行求偶交配行为测定。实验结果表明,B组雄蛛的交配成功率显著低于A、C和D组的雄蛛,而后3组雄蛛的交配成功率无显著差异。相反,B组雄蛛被雌蛛相食百分率显著高于其它3组。可见拟环纹豹蛛雄蛛触肢上黑白相间毛饰物,尤其是其胫节上的白色饰物在雌蛛种间识别中起重要作用。     

皱弱蛛属及其模式种的雌性新发现(蜘蛛目,弱蛛科)

首次报道了采自中国河北省赞皇县障石岩风景区(九女峰景区)的宽跗皱弱蛛Rhyssoleptoneta latitarsa Tong & Li,2007的雌性标本,并对该种的雄性模式标本进行重描述.标本保存与中国科学院动物研究所.     

皿蛛科光面双舟蛛雄性新发现(蜘蛛目,皿蛛科)

首次报道了雄性光面双舟蛛Dicymbium facetum(L. 自俄罗斯马加丹.Koch,1879),并对其形态结构进行了详细描述.研究标本采     

海南细长莱蛛（蜘蛛目：巨蟹蛛科）的雌性新发现

本文首次报道了细长莱蛛Rhitymna macilenta Quan＆Liu2012的雌性,该标本采自海南岛黎母山国家自然保护区,标本保存于湖北大学生命科学学院动物行为与进化中心。细长莱蛛Rhityrmna macilenta Quan＆Liu2012（图1—3）鉴别特征：该种雌蛛可根据其身体苍白,外雌器中板巨大和受精管简单等特征与该属其它种区分。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism