三种辉蝽的核型研究（半翅目：蝽科）

本首次研究了采于中国的辉蝽属三个种一辉蝽（Carbula obtusangula Reuter)、北方辉蝽（Carbula putoni(Jakovlev),凹肩辉蝽（Carbula sinica Hsiao et Cheng)的核型,结果表明,三个种均具有典型的蝽科核型即：2n(♂）＝14,具有XY性别决定机制,但是三个种的常染色体和性染色体在减数分裂时期的行为以及核型分析的结果和模式图各不相同,而且在北方辉蝽中出现了1－2条超数染色体,这些特点可为辉蝽属昆虫的形态分类及系统发育提供有用的证据。     

蝽科精巢细胞减数分裂染色体行为及其反映的属种间亲缘关系

为探讨蝽科精巢细胞减数分裂各时期染色体形态和行为差异, 以及据此反映的属种间亲缘关系, 采用常规染色体制片法对蝽科6属9种精巢细胞减数分裂各期染色体形态特征、 行为及精子的形成进行了观察和比较研究。结果表明： 蝽科精巢细胞为交叉型减数分裂, “O”型交叉为其典型交叉减数分裂形式。各属种减数分裂各期染色体行为相似, 但形态不同。减数分裂各期染色体形态、 排列方式, 中期染色体相对长度、 组成与核型以及精子形态等特征具有属种间差异性。蝽科精巢细胞中期Ⅰ染色体组平均相对长度都为12.5, 在进化过程中染色体组长度信息总量不变。基于染色体相对长度的聚类分析结果显示, 菜蝽属Eurydema、 麦蝽属Aelia、 珠蝽属Rubiconia和条蝽属Graphosoma亲缘关系密切, 而二星蝽属Stollia与果蝽属Carpocoris关系较近。     

蝽科五种昆虫染色体分析(半翅目,异翅亚目)

对蝽科Pentatomidae4属5种——广二星蝽Stollia ventralis(Westwood)、黒腹二星蝽Stollia guttiger(Thunberg)、西北麦蝽Aelia sibirica(Reuter)、紫翅果蝽Carpocoris purpureipennis(De Geer)、赤条蝽Graphosoma rubrolineata(Westwood)昆虫减数分裂各期染色体形态结构及行为进行分析。结果表明:蝽科5种进行交叉减数分裂。花束期5种昆虫染色质变化相似,形态种间有差异。中期染色体排列方式相似,核型种间差异大。精子形态相似,弯曲度大小种间有差异。双线期、终变期染色体交叉形态、频率及历程长短反映物种进化程度。紫翅果蝽X染色体碎斑化。     

六种蝽象的染色体研究（半翅目：蝽科）

研究了6种蝽象的核型和减数分裂行为。结果表明：6个种的染色体组成均为2n(♂)=14, 具有X-Y性别决定机制;减数分裂行为比较一致,但在中期-Ⅰ常染色体和性染色体的排列方式具有种的特异性,可为蝽科昆虫的形态分类及系统发育提供有用的证据。     

四种蝽科昆虫的染色体研究

研究了4种中国蝽科昆虫的核型和染色体的减数分裂行为, 并首次在半翅目中采用核型分析软件对第一次减数分裂中期的染色体进行核型分析。结果表明: 4个种均为2n=14和X-Y性别决定机制; 减数分裂行为比较一致, 但在中期 I 常染色体和性染色体的排列方式各不相同; 核型分析后的结果表现出了种的特异性, 可为蝽科昆虫的形态分类及系统发育提供有用的证据。     

五种蝽科昆虫的细胞分类学研究（半翅目：异翅亚目）

研究了5种中国蝽科昆虫的核型和染色体的减数分裂行为,并采用核型分析软件对第一次减数分裂中期的染色体进行核型分析。结果表明：驼蝽Brachycerocoris camalus Costa、滴蝽Dybowskyia reticulata(Dallas）和红玉蝽Hoplistodera pulchra Yang3个种的染色体组成均为2n（♂）＝14,具有X－Y性别决定机制;减数分裂行为比较一致,但在中期－Ⅰ时,常染色体和性染色体的排列方式各不相同,可为蝽科昆虫的形态分类及系统发育提供有用的证据。二星蝽Eysarcoris guttiger(Thunberg）的染色体组成为2n（♂）＝15,具有X1X2Y性别决定机制,进一步证明了在半翅目昆虫的性染色体进化中碎片化过程起着很重要的作用;黑斑二星蝽Eysarcoris fabricii(Kirkaldy）的染色体组成为2n（♂）＝16,具有X－Y性别决定机制。后2种的核型结果,可为二星蝽属分类的进一步研究提供参考。     

小花蝽属两种核型的研究(半翅目: 花蝽科)

本文利用姬姆萨染色空气干燥压片方法,对花蝽科小花蝽属中国2种小花蝽的性细胞核型进行了研究.研究结果表明该2种小花蝽的2倍体均具有24条染色体和X-Y性别机制,但2种间在染色体行为特征方面具有差别,主要表现在细胞减数分裂的晚终变期和中期常染色体以及性染色体的排列形状与位置等方面,该特征可以用于种间的细胞分类.     

蝽科昆虫精巢形态及属种间亲缘关系

为探讨蝽科精巢形态差异,以及据此反映的属种间亲缘关系,对蝽科9属13种昆虫精巢进行了观察和比较研究.结果表明,蝽科精巢形态在属内种间具有相对稳定性,属间、亚科间具有差异性.蝽科输精管种间变异大.基于精巢长度、宽度、面积及长宽比的聚类分析结果显示,斑须蝽属Dolycoris、绿蝽属Nezara、茶翅蝽属Halyomorpha关系较近,并与二星蝽属Eysarcoris形成并列关系.菜蝽属Eurydema、麦蝽属Aelia、珠蝽属Rubiconia亲缘关系密切.而果蝽属Carpocoris与条蝽属Graphosoma形成不同分支的特殊进化关系.因此,蝽科精巢可作为属级、亚科级的形态和数值分类特征.     

缘蝽总科昆虫精巢形态

为比较缘蝽总科昆虫的精巢形态差异,解剖镜下解剖观察拍照,对缘蝽总科3科4亚科6属9种昆虫的精巢进行了观察。结果表明:缘蝽总科精巢、输精管皆被有不同颜色的被膜。姬缘蝽科Rhopalidae姬缘蝽亚科Rhopalinae迷缘蝽属Myrmus精巢为小(中)型卵圆形。缘蝽科Coreidae缘蝽亚科Coreinae棘缘蝽属Cletus精巢近似三角形。巨缘蝽亚科Mictinae安缘蝽属Anoplocnemis小型圆球形。蛛缘蝽科Alydidae蛛缘蝽亚科Alydinae长缘蝽属Megalotomus为小型卵圆形。缘蝽总科姬缘蝽科Rhopalidae姬缘蝽亚科Rhopalinae环缘蝽属Stictopleurus、伊缘蝽属Rhopalus为长圆椎(圆柱)状。精巢大小与个体大小成反比。缘蝽总科精巢形状、大小、颜色及输精管粗细在科级、亚科级、属级具有分类特征。     

山地原花蝽核型研究(半翅目,花蝽科)

采用姬姆萨染色压片法,对花蝽科山地原花蝽性细胞进行了核型研究.结果表明该种单倍染色体组成为n=14A+XY,为无交叉减数分裂,性染色体经历后减数分裂,上述核型特征为阐明臭虫型内不同科的系统发育关系具有重要意义.     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism