重组毕赤酵母产青蛤Mytimacin抗菌肽的表达研究

Mytimacin是主要在无脊椎动物中表达的Macin抗菌肽家族中的一员,具有较强的抗病原微生物活性,是利用重组DNA技术开发天然抗菌剂的良好候选者。通过RT-PCR从青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)闭壳肌中克隆编码Mytimacin成熟肽的基因,经3次PCR在该基因的5’端添加Xho I限制性酶切位点和信号肽酶识别位点、3’端添加Xba I限制性酶切位点和6×His,获得目的基因"CsMm";以pPICZαA为表达载体、毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)X-33为工程菌,构建重组毕赤酵母X-33/pPICZαA-CsMm。通过高浓度博来霉素筛选高拷贝酵母转化子,在28℃、250 r/min条件下,使用1.5%的甲醇诱导表达72 h;使用固化金属离子亲和层析(IMAC)对表达产物进行纯化,并通过MALDI-TOF-TOF质谱分析对纯化产物进行鉴定。另外,通过涂布法和浊度法考察重组CsMm的抑菌活性。结果表明:基于X-33/pPICZαA-CsMm重组毕赤酵母的外源表达获得了表达量为25.6 mg/L的重组蛋白,经MALDI-TOF-TOF质谱鉴定其为分子量约7.8 kD的预期重组CsMm。抑菌试验证明重组CsMm对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio Parahemolyticus)具有明显的抑菌活性。构建的重组毕赤酵母X-33/pPICZαA-CsMm能有效合成具有生物学活性的重组青蛤Mytimacin,旨为贝类来源天然小分子抗菌剂的开发提供可资参考的技术途径。     

人肿瘤坏死因子α抑制肽-抗炎酸性尾巴融合蛋白的原核表达及纯化

目的:表达和纯化人肿瘤坏死因子α抑制肽-抗炎酸性尾巴融合蛋白。方法:利用PCR搭接方法及基因合成方法获得目的基因,插入带有6×His标签的原核高效可溶性表达载体pET32a中,构建重组表达质粒pET32a-T9-ac-9,将重组表达质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导目的基因表达;对融合蛋白进行Ni2+金属螯合柱纯化。结果:构建的重组表达质粒经PCR、内切酶鉴定及基因序列测定证实;目的蛋白在大肠杆菌中获得表达,SDS-PAGE显示相对分子质量为22.917×103;对表达产物进行了亲和层析纯化,从上清中获得了纯度较高的人肿瘤坏死因子α抑制肽-抗炎酸性尾巴融合蛋白。结论:获得了可溶性的人肿瘤坏死因子α抑制肽-抗炎酸性尾巴融合蛋白,为其生物学功能研究奠定了基础。     

重组鹅β-防御素12蛋白的原核表达及生物学特性

【目的】研究重组鹅β-防御素12蛋白的原核表达并探究其生物学特性。【方法】采用His标签蛋白原核表达系统,将鹅防御素12(Av BD12)基因亚克隆到表达载体p Pro EX-HTa上,构建重组表达质粒。将重组表达质粒转化到大肠杆菌Rosseta感受态中,用IPTG进行诱导表达,并对该重组蛋白进行纯化。进一步采用菌落计数法测定其体外抗菌活性和盐离子稳定性。【结果】经Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳分析,诱导表达的鹅Av BD12重组蛋白分子量约为12 k D,大部分以包涵体形式存在。该重组蛋白对大肠杆菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、四联球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌均具有抗菌活性,高浓度盐离子显著抑制重组蛋白的抗菌活性。此外,该重组蛋白对鸡红细胞没有溶血活性。【结论】该重组蛋白具有广谱抗菌活性,高浓度盐离子显著降低其抗菌活性,且该重组蛋白不具有溶解鸡红细胞的活性。     

重组人TNF-α在大肠杆菌表达、纯化及生物学活性鉴定

[目的]获得人TNF-α蛋白,并鉴定其生物学活性。[方法]通过对人源TNF-α序列进行密码子优化构建了p Cold-TNFα原核表达载体,完成了TNF-α重组蛋白的表达,建立了两步分离纯化方案,并利用Western Blot和细胞刺激实验检测了重组人TNF-α蛋白抗原性和生物学活性。[结果]利用大肠杆菌成功表达重组人TNF-α蛋白,经酶切纯化后的人TNF-α蛋白不含标签序列,纯度达95%,收率约70%,并具有良好的生物学活性。[结论]获得具有生物学活性的人TNF-α蛋白,为进一步的中和抗体研究奠定了基础。     

融合蛋白GST-Ulp1p在大肠杆菌中的高效可溶性表达及其活性鉴定

利用基因工程技术,体外重组小分子类泛素修饰蛋白酶1(Ulp1)的活性片段,获得高表达、高特异性重组蛋白酶。从酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisia中提取Ulp1编码第403到621个氨基酸残基之间的DNA片段(Ulp1p),在其C端加入6×His并连接到大肠杆菌表达载体pGEX中,构建重组表达质粒pGEX-Ulp1p-his6。将重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)中,氨苄青霉素抗性筛选转化子。表达、纯化后,以SUMO融合蛋白检测其活性。经过优化,该蛋白可溶性表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的40.12%。可通过谷胱甘肽琼脂糖凝胶柱或Ni-NTA凝胶亲和层析纯化得到纯度98%的蛋白。经酶切分析,比活力为1.375×104U/mg。融合蛋白GST-Ulp1p-His6无需切除谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)标签,具有很高的活性,制备简易;6×His标签,有利于底物蛋白切割后纯化,减少蛋白损失。本研究为制备高活力的SUMO蛋白酶提供了一个新方法。     

片球菌素pedA基因的原核表达、纯化及生物信息学分析

旨在构建片球菌素PA-1结构基因pedA的原核表达载体,在大肠杆菌体系中实现PA-1的外源表达,运用生物信息学手段分析重组蛋白的理化性质及分子结构。以戊糖片球菌C-2-1的DNA为模板,扩增pedA基因,扩增产物克隆入pET28a(+)原核表达载体,构建pET28a-ped A重组质粒,转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中;30℃,以1 mmol/L IPTG诱导表达5 h;采用Ni-NTA树脂亲和层析纯化重组蛋白,检测纯化后重组蛋白的抑菌活性;利用生物信息学手段探究重组蛋白的理化性质及分子结构信息。结果显示,pET28a-ped A重组质粒构建成功,带有His标签的PA-1重组片球菌素在大肠杆菌中实现了可溶性表达,利用Ni-NTA亲和层析获得纯化的重组蛋白,Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳分析表明纯化后的重组蛋白分子量约为7.8 k D,与理论值相符。琼脂扩散法抑菌活性实验抑菌圈效果明显,表明纯化的重组片球菌素具有抑菌活性。生物信息学方法对比分析其蛋白结构发现,获得的重组蛋白含有信号肽,α螺旋占23.53%,疏水性提高,可能促进了重组蛋白的可溶性表达。该实验成功构建了片球菌素PA-1的原核表达载体,实现了在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达,该表达可能与其含有信号肽及信号肽疏水性有关,纯化后的重组蛋白抑菌活性明显。     

人vasorin蛋白的基因克隆、表达及纯化

目的:克隆、表达人vasorin(VASN)蛋白。方法:利用PCR方法从HepG2细胞的cDNA中扩增获得目的基因,并插入带有6×His标签的原核高效可溶性表达载体pET28a中,构建重组表达质粒pET28a-VASN,将重组表达质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导后目的基因获得表达,对融合目的蛋白进行Ni2+金属螯合柱纯化。结果:内切酶鉴定及基因序列测定证实重组表达质粒构建成功;对目的蛋白进行了原核表达,SDS-PAGE显示相对分子质量为61×103的特异表达条带;Western印迹证实目的蛋白为VASN,且主要以包涵体形式存在;对经尿素变性的表达产物进行了亲和层析纯化,有利于以后的变性、复性过程。结论:获得了人VASN融合蛋白,为其进一步的生物学功能研究奠定了基础。     

重组斑马鱼 p8蛋白的原核表达及纯化

目的：在大肠杆菌中重组表达斑马鱼p8蛋白并纯化。方法：PCR扩增斑马鱼p8蛋白基因编码区,连接到带有6×His标签的原核表达载体pET-28a中,构建重组表达质粒pET-28a-p8并转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,用IPTG诱导表达;优化表达条件后用Ni^2＋柱纯化重组蛋白。结果：构建了pET-28a-p8重组质粒;目的蛋白在大肠杆菌中获得表达,亲和纯化后,SDS-PAGE显示相对分子质量为预期的12．8×10^3。结论：获得了斑马鱼p8融合蛋白,为其生物学功能研究奠定了基础。     

猪β防御素2与猪γ干扰素在毕赤酵母中的融合表达及生物学活性比较

为了研究猪β防御素2(PBD-2)与猪γ干扰素(PoIFNγ),采用重叠延伸PCR法合成嵌合编码序列PBD-2-PoIFNγ,在此序列的基础上扩增PoIFNγ基因,并分别克隆入毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZαA,构建重组表达质粒pPICZαA-PBD-2-PoIFNγ与pPICZαA-PoIFNγ。经SacI线性化,电击转化巴斯德毕赤酵母X33,筛选阳性重组子,在含0.5%甲醇的BMMY培养基中诱导72h。SDS-PAGE及Western blotting结果表明,所获得的重组子能够分别分泌表达PBD-2-PoIFNγ融合蛋白与PoIFNγ。琼脂扩散法和细胞病变抑制法未检测到融合蛋白的抑菌和抗病毒活性,而PoIFNγ具有明显的抗病毒活性。圆二色谱分析显示PoIFNγ与PBD-2-PoIFNγ的螺旋和无规则卷曲含量差别较大,推测是融合蛋白未能正确折叠影响了PBD-2-PoIFNγ的活性。     

人造血相关PBX相互作用蛋白的原核表达及纯化鉴定

目的:构建带His标签的人造血相关PBX相互作用蛋白(HPIP)的原核表达载体,获得His-HPIP融合蛋白,并对其生物学功能进行初步检测。方法:以本实验室保存的pcDNA3.0-HPIP质粒为模板,采用PCR技术扩增HPIP编码序列,将其插入载体p ET-28a(+)中,经Bam HⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切鉴定后转化大肠杆菌Rossate株进行小量诱导,挑选能诱导出His-HPIP的菌液进行融合蛋白的纯化,采用SDS-PAGE和Western印迹检测融合蛋白的纯化效果,采用GST pull-down技术对蛋白的生物学功能进行初步鉴定。结果:双酶切和测序结果表明His-HPIP原核表达质粒构建成功;His pull-down实验证实His-HPIP蛋白和雌激素受体α存在相互作用,说明生物学活性良好。结论:原核表达并纯化出His-HPIP融合蛋白,为进一步研究HPIP在肿瘤发生发展中的功能奠定了基础。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.