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1.
Ying-ge Wang Jin-mei Cheng Hai-bo Ding Xi Lin Guo-hao Chen Mei Zhou Sheng-nan Ye 《Mycopathologia》2018,183(3):551-558
Objective
To improve the diagnosis and treatment of Penicilliosis marneffei without human immunodeficiency virus infection.Methods
Analyze and review the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of six cases of P. marneffei without human immunodeficiency virus infection at The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University.Results
Two cases were diagnosed in the ENT Department, three cases in the respiratory department and one case in the dermatological department. Penicillium marneffei infection was confirmed by sputum culture, blood culture and tissue biopsy. After definite diagnosis, one refused further treatment, and others showed significant improvement.Conclusion
Penicilliosis marneffei is insidious onset and easy to be escaped and misdiagnosed. To achieve early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, doubtful cases should be alerted for the diagnoses as P. marneffei.2.
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Anne Caroline Wiik Ernst-Otto Ropstad Ellen Bjerkås Frode Lingaas 《BMC veterinary research》2008,4(1):23
Background
A genetic study was performed to identify candidate genes associated with day blindness in the standard wire haired dachshund. Based on a literature review of diseases in dogs and human with phenotypes similar to day blindness, ten genes were selected and evaluated as potential candidate genes associated with day blindness in the breed.Results
Three of the genes, CNGB3, CNGA3 and GNAT2, involved in cone degeneration and seven genes and loci, ABCA4, RDH5, CORD8, CORD9, RPGRIP1, GUCY2D and CRX, reported to be involved in cone-rod dystrophies were studied. Polymorphic markers at each of the candidate loci were studied in a family with 36 informative offspring. The study revealed a high frequency of recombinations between the candidate marker alleles and the disease.Conclusion
Since all of the markers were at the exact position of the candidate loci, and several recombinations were detected for each of the loci, all ten genes were excluded as causal for this canine, early onset cone-rod dystrophy. The described markers may, however, be useful to screen other canine resource families segregating eye diseases for association to the ten genes.4.
Amy Hubert Jordana M. Henderson Martis W. Cowles Kelly G. Ross Matthew Hagen Christa Anderson Claudia J. Szeterlak Ricardo M. Zayas 《BMC genomics》2015,16(1):769
Background
Planarians are renowned for their regenerative capacity and are an attractive model for the study of adult stem cells and tissue regeneration. In an effort to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying planarian regeneration, we performed a functional genomics screen aimed at identifying genes involved in this process in Schmidtea mediterranea.Methods
We used microarrays to detect changes in gene expression in regenerating and non-regenerating tissues in planarians regenerating one side of the head and followed this with high-throughput screening by in situ hybridization and RNAi to characterize the expression patterns and function of the differentially expressed genes.Results
Along with five previously characterized genes (Smed-cycD, Smed-morf41/mrg-1, Smed-pdss2/dlp1, Smed-slbp, and Smed-tph), we identified 20 additional genes necessary for stem cell maintenance (Smed-sart3, Smed-smarcc-1, Smed-espl1, Smed-rrm2b-1, Smed-rrm2b-2, Smed-dkc1, Smed-emg1, Smed-lig1, Smed-prim2, Smed-mcm7, and a novel sequence) or general regenerative capability (Smed-rbap46/48-2, Smed-mcm2, Smed-ptbp1, and Smed-fen-1) or that caused tissue-specific defects upon knockdown (Smed-ddc, Smed-gas8, Smed-pgbd4, and Smed-b9d2). We also found that a homolog of the nuclear transport factor Importin-α plays a role in stem cell function and tissue patterning, suggesting that controlled nuclear import of proteins is important for regeneration.Conclusions
Through this work, we described the roles of several previously uncharacterized genes in planarian regeneration and implicated nuclear import in this process. We have additionally created an online database to house our in situ and RNAi data to make it accessible to the planarian research community.5.
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Sunita M. C. De Sousa Liam C. McIntyre Chan-Eng Chong Hamish S. Scott 《BMC endocrine disorders》2016,16(1):58
Background
The 46,XY female is characterised by a male karyotype and female phenotype arising due to any interruption in the sexual development pathways in utero. The cause is usually genetic and various genes are implicated.Case presentation
Herein we describe a 46,XY woman who was first diagnosed with androgen insensitivity syndrome (testicular feminisation) at 18 years; however, this was later questioned due to the presence of intact Müllerian structures. The clinical phenotype suggested several susceptibility genes including SRY, DHH, NR5A1, NR0B1, AR, AMH, and AMHR2. To study candidate genes simultaneously, we performed whole genome sequencing. This revealed a novel and likely pathogenic missense variant (p.Arg130Pro, c.389G>C) in SRY, one of the major genes implicated in complete gonadal dysgenesis, hence securing this condition over androgen insensitivity syndrome as the cause of the patient’s disorder of sexual development.Conclusion
This case highlights the emerging clinical utility of whole genome sequencing as a tool in differentiating disorders of sexual development.8.
Man Zhao Liang Gao Li Zhang Yanbin Bai Liang Chen Meilan Yu Feng Cheng Jie Sun Zhao Wang Xiangxian Ying 《Biotechnology letters》2017,39(11):1741-1746
Objectives
To characterize a recombinant carbonyl reductase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SceCPR1) and explore its use in asymmetric synthesis of (R)-pantolactone [(R)-PL].Results
The NADPH-dependent SceCPR1 exhibited strict (R)-enantioselectivity and high activity in the asymmetric reduction of ketopantolactone (KPL) to (R)-PL. Escherichia coli, coexpressing SceCPR1 and glucose dehydrogenase from Exiguobacterium sibiricum (EsGDH), was constructed to fulfill efficient NADPH regeneration. During the whole-cell catalyzed asymmetric reduction of KPL, the spontaneous hydrolysis of KPL significantly affected the yield of (R)-PL, which was effectively alleviated by the employment of the substrate constant-feeding strategy. The established whole-cell bioreduction for 6 h afforded 458 mM (R)-PL with the enantiomeric excess value of >99.9% and the yield of 91.6%.Conclusions
Escherichia coli coexpressing SceCPR1 and EsGDH efficiently catalyzed the asymmetric synthesis of (R)-PL through the substrate constant-feeding strategy.9.
Maribel Dolande Nataly García Ana María Capote María Mercedes Panizo Giuseppe Ferrara Víctor Alarcón 《Current fungal infection reports》2017,11(4):197-202
Purpose of Review
The purpose of this review is to contribute to the knowledge about the existence of Candida auris as an emerging pathogenic fungus, multi-resistant to antifungal, and causing health care-associated infections (HCAI).Recent Findings
C. auris emerges as yeast with clonal transmission resistance to three families of commonly used antifungals, mainly azoles (fluconazole and voriconazole), diminishing therapeutic options for the treatment of fungal infections. In 2009, C. auris was isolated for the first time in Japan and by the time of this review, it has been reported in different countries in Africa, America, Asia, and Europe.Summary
It is important to identify yeasts of the Candida genus up to species, to perform susceptibility tests and to implement surveillance, prevention, and control measures, to minimize the global spread of this fungus, due to its impact on public health.10.
Sabine A. Ragot Olivier Huguenin-Elie Michael A. Kertesz Emmanuel Frossard Else K. Bünemann 《Plant and Soil》2016,406(1-2):15-27
Background and Aims
Soil microbial communities contribute to organic phosphorus cycling in a variety of ways, including secretion of the PhoD alkaline phosphatase. We sampled a long-term grassland fertilization trial in Switzerland characterized by a natural pH gradient. We examined the effects of phosphate depletion and pH on total and active microbial community structures and on the structure and composition of the total and active phoD-harboring community.Methods
Archaeal, bacterial and fungal communities were investigated using T-RFLP and phoD-harboring members of these communities were identified by 454-sequencing.Results
Phosphate depletion decreased total, resin-extractable and organic phosphorus and changed the structure of all active microbial communities, and of the total archaeal and phoD-harboring communities. Organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus increased with pH, and the structures of all total and active microbial communities except the total fungal community differed between the two pH levels. phoD-harboring members were affiliated to Actinomycetales, Bacilliales, Gloeobacterales, Planctomycetales and Rhizobiales.Conclusions
Our results suggest that pH and associated soil factors are important determinants of microbial and phoD-harboring community structures. These associated factors include organic carbon and total nitrogen, and to a lesser degree phosphorus status, and active communities are more responsive than total communities. Key players in organic P mineralization are affiliated to phyla that are known to be important in organic matter decomposition.11.
Adones Sales Luana Ferreira Afonso Juliana Alves Americo Mauro de Freitas Rebelo Glaucia Maria Pastore Juliano Lemos Bicas 《Biotechnology letters》2018,40(3):561-567
Objective
To investigate the biocatalytic potential of Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum nymphaeae for monoterpene biotransformation.Results
C. acutatum and C. nymphaeae used limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, farnesene, citronellol, linalool, geraniol, perillyl alcohol, and carveol as sole carbon and energy sources. Both species biotransformed limonene and linalool, accumulating limonene-1,2-diol and linalool oxides, respectively. α-Pinene was only biotransformed by C. nymphaeae producing campholenic aldehyde, pinanone and verbenone. The biotransformation of limonene by C. nymphaeae yielded 3.34–4.01 g limonene-1,2-diol l?1, depending on the substrate (R-(+)-limonene, S-(?)-limonene or citrus terpene (an agro-industrial by-product). This is among the highest concentrations already reported for this product.Conclusions
This is the first report on the biotransformation of these terpenes by Colletotrichum spp. and the biotransformation of limonene to limonene-1,2-diol possibly involves enzymes similar to those found in Grosmannia clavigera.12.
Alice Noble Sheila M. Palmer David J. Glaves Alistair Crowle Joseph Holden 《Plant and Soil》2017,419(1-2):41-52
Background and aims
Peatland moss communities play an important role in ecosystem function. Drivers such as fire and atmospheric pollution have the capacity to influence mosses via multiple pathways. Here, we investigate physical and chemical processes which may influence establishment and growth of three key moss species in peatlands.Methods
A controlled factorial experiment investigated the effects of different peat bulk density, ash deposition and rainwater chemistry treatments on the growth of Sphagnum capillifolium, S. fallax and Campylopus introflexus.Results
Higher peat bulk density limited growth of both Sphagnum species. S. capillifolium and C. introflexus responded positively to ash deposition. Less polluted rain limited growth of C. introflexus. Biomass was well correlated with percentage cover in all three species.Conclusions
Peat bulk density increases caused by fire or drainage can limit Sphagnum establishment and growth, potentially threatening peatland function. Ash inputs may have direct benefits for some Sphagnum species, but are also likely to increase competition from other bryophytes and vascular plants which may offset positive effects. Rainwater pollution may similarly increase competition to Sphagnum, and could enhance positive effects of ash addition on C. introflexus growth. Finally, cover can provide a useful approximation of biomass where destructive sampling is undesirable.13.
14.
Objective
A potential thermotolerant l-leucine dehydrogenase from Laceyella sacchari (Ls-LeuDH) was over-expressed in E. coli, purified and characterized.Results
Ls-LeuDH had excellent thermostability with a specific activity of 183 U/mg at pH 10.5 and 25 °C. It retained a high activity in 200 mM carbonate buffer from pH 9.5 to 11. The optimal temperature for Ls-LeuDH was 60 °C.Conclusion
It is the first time that a thermostable and highly active LeuDH originating from L. sacchari has been characterized. It may be useful for medical and pharmaceutical applications.15.
Background
Diverse aquatic microorganisms are capable of colonizing living and non-living surfaces leading to the formation of biofilms. Commonly visualized as a slimy layer, these biofilms are filled with hundreds of other microorganisms compared to free living planktonic cells. Microbial surface colonization and surface-associated metabolic activities also exert several macroscale deleterious effects, including biofouling, biocorrosion and the persistence and transmission of harmful or pathogenic microorganisms and virulence determinants. The present study deals with the isolation and screening of marine bacteria for biofilm formation. The screened isolates were characterized and identified as Pychrobacter celer, Pychrobacter alimentarius and Kocuria rhizophila by 16S rRNA sequencing.Methods
Biofilm forming bacteria were isolated by spread plate technique and subjected to screening by microtiter plate assay. The potent biofilm formers were identified by molecular characterization using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Results
Twelve bacterial isolates were obtained by pour plate technique and subjected to biofilm assay. Among the 12 isolates three isolates which showed maximum biofilm formation were subjected to molecular characterizationby 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. The isolates were identified as Pychrobacter celer, Pychrobacter alimentarius and Kocuria rhizophila. The EPS produced by the three biofilm forming bacteria was extracted and the protein and carbohydrate content determined.Conclusion
Among the isolates screened, isolate 8 (Kocuria rhizophila) produced maximum protein and carbohydrate which was also in accordance with the results of microtiter plate assay.16.
17.
Xin-an Luo Yuan-min Zhu Ting-ting Liu Xiao-peng Wang Peng-peng Zhou Zhen-dong Bao Long-jiang Yu 《Biotechnology letters》2017,39(6):883-888
Objectives
To clone and express a diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) gene from Mortierella alpina in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and characterize oil production and fatty acid composition of the resulting recombinantResults
A new, full-length cDNA, putatively encoding a DGAT, was cloned from M. alpina. We subsequently cloned the gene, except the transmembrane-encoding region, termed MaDGAT, its molecular mass was 31.3 kDa. MaDGAT shares 75% identity with a DGAT from Mortierella verticillata NRRL 6337. A recombinant vector expressing MaDGAT, pYES2-DGAT, was constructed and transformed into S. cerevisiae H1246, a neutral, lipid-deficient quadruple mutant. TLC analysis showed that the recombinant vector restored triacylglycerol biosynthesis and its content in the recombinant strain was 3.9%.Conclusion
MaDGAT is a novel DGAT gene and could increase TAG biosynthesis in M. alpina or other filamentous fungi, thereby promoting the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids.18.
Nicholas J. Bond Albert Koulman Julian L. Griffin Zoe Hall 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(11):128
Introduction
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) experiments result in complex multi-dimensional datasets, which require specialist data analysis tools.Objectives
We have developed massPix—an R package for analysing and interpreting data from MSI of lipids in tissue.Methods
massPix produces single ion images, performs multivariate statistics and provides putative lipid annotations based on accurate mass matching against generated lipid libraries.Results
Classification of tissue regions with high spectral similarly can be carried out by principal components analysis (PCA) or k-means clustering.Conclusion
massPix is an open-source tool for the analysis and statistical interpretation of MSI data, and is particularly useful for lipidomics applications.19.
Korey J. Brownstein Mahmoud Gargouri William R. Folk David R. Gang 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(11):133
Introduction
Botanicals containing iridoid and phenylethanoid/phenylpropanoid glycosides are used worldwide for the treatment of inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions that are primary causes of human years lived with disability, such as arthritis and lower back pain.Objectives
We report the analysis of candidate anti-inflammatory metabolites of several endemic Scrophularia species and Verbascum thapsus used medicinally by peoples of North America.Methods
Leaves, stems, and roots were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed in MetaboAnalyst 3.0 after processing the datasets in Progenesis QI.Results
Comparison of the datasets revealed significant and differential accumulation of iridoid and phenylethanoid/phenylpropanoid glycosides in the tissues of the endemic Scrophularia species and Verbascum thapsus.Conclusions
Our investigation identified several species of pharmacological interest as good sources for harpagoside and other important anti-inflammatory metabolites.20.
Yun Kong Yajun Qu Shengjun Wang Peng George Wang Min Chen 《Biotechnology letters》2018,40(8):1219-1226