安徽芜湖金盆洞旧石器遗址的偶蹄类

经对2002年与2004年出土于安徽芜湖金盆洞遗址的偶蹄类所做的深入研究,金盆洞遗址的偶蹄类有6个种:李氏野猪(Sus lydekkeri)、梅花鹿(Cervus(Sika)nippon)、葛氏斑鹿(Cervus(Sika)grayi)、马鹿(Cervus elaphus)、麂未定种(Muntiacussp.)及古中华野牛相似种(Bisoncf.palaeosinensis)。其中以鹿科为主,以梅花鹿和马鹿为优势种群,具有北方区动物群的特色。它们所指示的时代比和县龙潭洞动物群晚,与巢县银山巢县人动物群相当,为中更新世晚期,在古气候上处于Riss冰期。它们所处的生态环境以低矮森林为主、间有少量灌木密林及草地,当时的气候与现今的内蒙和甘肃相似。鹿属3个种的同时出现反映金盆洞遗址是史前人类汇集处理猎物的场所。     

安徽芜湖金盆洞旧石器地点2002年发掘报告

2001年春季,在安徽芜湖石硊镇发现了,一处富含脊椎动物化石的称为金盆洞的洞穴堆积。翌年秋季,对金盆洞化石点进行了为期1个月的野外地质调查和化石发掘,发现人工石制品和哺乳动物化石共伴,收集到10余件人工制品和3千余件哺乳动物化石,初步搞清了这一地点的地层、化石种类分布及其时代。经初步研究,金盆洞出土的动物化石可以归入8个目18个科23个属27个种哺乳动物;该动物群与和县龙潭洞的动物群最接近,其次为南京汤山葫芦洞的动物群较接近,其生存时代很可能是中更新世晚期。金盆洞旧石器地点的发现进一步证明了长江下游石灰岩地区的洞穴和裂隙堆积中具有发现史前人类活动遗迹的潜力。     

关于金盆洞遗址的古地理古气候古生态问题

2004年金盆洞遗址被第二次发掘。新的化石材料表明,金盆洞产有8目18科25属31种的化石。金盆洞动物群的地质时代为中更新世的最晚期, 相当于MIS6,或欧洲的RISS冰期, 或世界上的倒数第二次冰期。这个动物群既展示了森林环境, 也展示了灌木丛林和草原环境。长江以南的茂密的丛林阻碍了江南各哺乳动物群之间的交流。     

宜良九乡张口洞发现的旧石器

本文记述了从张口洞出土的人牙４０枚、哺乳动物化石１９２３件、旧石器材料１８２６件及少量骨器．石工具中修背和修理把手有显著表现．张口洞石器工业属元谋－宜良（路南）区域性文化,兼有猫猫洞类型文化的影响,时代为晚更新世至早全新世．     

辽宁朝阳马山洞的食肉类化石

本文主要记述了辽宁省朝阳市龙城区马山洞发现的食肉类化石。堆积物的上部主要为颗粒细小的砂质黏土, 而下部主要为直径较大的角砾。2007年出土的食肉目化石有: 似浣熊貉(Nyctereutes procyonoides)、赤狐(Vulpes vulpes)、狗獾(Meles meles)、黄鼬(Mustela sibirica)、中华猫(Felis chinensis)和疑似虎(Panthera tigris)?。其中前5个种在形态上与现生种类非常接近; 而最后一个种除与现生虎比较接近外, 与现生狮子也有一定的相似性。     

涉县新桥旧石器遗址发掘报告

本文记述了 1994-1995年在河北省涉县新桥旧石器遗址发掘的石制品及部分采集品。石制品风格古朴厚重 ,石器加工不甚精致 ,以大中型砾石工具居多 ,石片石器占一定比例 ,具有我国南北过渡地带旧石器文化特征。它的发现 ,填补了太行山东南麓地区旧石器文化分布上的空白。根据地层及沉积物推断 ,遗址时代应为中更新世晚期 ,属原地埋藏类型。     

福建三明船帆洞旧石器遗址

船帆洞旧石器遗址可分为上、下两个文化层。在下文化层发现一处人工石铺地面遗存。出土石制品 30 0余件 ,同层出土的哺乳动物化石包括巨貘、中国犀和鬣狗 3个绝灭种 ,其年代应属旧石器时代晚期。上文化层出土物以打制石器与磨制骨、角器共存为主要文化特征 ,其时代应晚于下文化层 ,可能仍属旧石器时代。     

高家镇旧石器遗址1998年出土的石制品

高家镇遗址是三峡地区一处重要的旧石器时代遗址。遗址埋藏于长江右岸第Ⅲ级基座阶地内。1995年和1998年经过两次发掘,揭露面积456m2,出土石制品2500余件,其中1998年在B区发掘出土石制品719件。石制品类型包括石器、石核、石片和断块等。古人类选取河卵石为原料运用锤击法剥片和加工石器;石器以大型为主,毛坯多为石核和完整石片,砍砸器是石器的主要类型;石器加工较简单,多数单向加工。石器工业具有中国南方旧石器时代主工业鲜明特点。地貌和地层对比,显示该遗址可能与冉家路口遗址同时,处于中更新世晚期。     

丹江口库区水牛洼旧石器遗址发掘简报

水牛洼遗址位于湖北省丹江口市均县镇关门岩村,是汉水流域一处同时具有旧石器早期与晚期文化层的重要遗址。2010年3~4月间,吉林大学边疆考古研究中心对该遗址进行了发掘,揭露面积675m2,共获石制品301件,类型包括石核、石片、断块及工具等。地貌和地层对比显示,遗址年代大致为中更新世至晚更新世晚期。遗址可分为上、下两个文化层。上文化层出土石制品246件,属晚更新世;下文化层出土石制品55件,处于中更新世。下文化层石制品特点显示了中国南方砾石石器工业的特点,而上文化层却出现了中国北方石片石器工业的文化因素。     

Percrocuta miocenica (Percrocutidae,Carnivora) from the middle Miocene of Brajkovac (Central Serbia)

This paper describes a well-preserved hemimandible of Percrocuta miocenica from Brajkovac (Lazarevac municipality, Central Serbia). Based on the faunal remains recovered so far, the site is attributed to Mammal Zone MN6 (Langhian, middle Miocene). Apart from Prebreza, this is only the second site where remains of P. miocenica have been found in Serbia, and the third one in the Balkans. The newly discovered fossil, along with other taxa (e.g., Bunolistriodon meidamon, Giraffokeryx punjabiensis, Alloptox sp.), underlines the similarities between the middle Miocene Balkan and Anatolian mammal faunas.     

New analysis of the Pleistocene carnivores from Petralona Cave (Macedonia, Greece) based on the Collection of the Thessaloniki Aristotle University

New taxonomic study of the “old collection” of Carnivora from Petralona Cave, associated to the well-known hominid skull, housed in the Geology School of the Thessaloniki Aristotle University since 1960, revealed 11 species (Canis arnensis, Lycaon lycaonoides, Vulpes praeglacialis, Ursus deningeri, U. spelaeus, U. arctos, Pliocrocuta perrieri, Pachycrocuta brevirostris, Crocuta crocuta, Panthera leo spelaea, and Felis silvestris), which are described in detail. The species composition is typical of the eastern part of the European Mediterranean and may be divided into three biostratigraphic assemblages: early Middle Pleistocene, late Middle Pleistocene and Late Pleistocene.     

Study on the Fossil Woods Found in Zigong,Sichuan, China

This paper describes three fossil woods, which were firstly found in Zigong city, Sichuan Province, China. The localities of the fossil woods are close to the locality of the famous Dashanpu dinosaur quarry of Zigong. The strata of the fossil woods beating are Xiashaximiao Formation and Xintiangou Formation of the Middle Jurassic, approximately match the strata of the Dashanpu dinosaurs. According to the structures of the secondary xylem, the fossil woods belonged to the primitive conifer genus-Araucarioxylon. Because it was comparatively and obviously different from the other species in this genus, it is assigned as a new species: A. zigongensis. As there was neither fossil leaf nor fossil pollen or spore found in the dinosaur bearing strata before, the discovery of these fossil woods might bear some important significance in the dinosaur research.     

安徽东至华龙洞古人类遗址哺乳动物化石的初步研究

华龙洞遗址发现于2004年,先后于2006和2014～2017年进行了5次发掘,期间发现了若干古人类化石和大量哺乳动物化石;本文是对2014～2016年出土哺乳动物化石的初步研究成果。目前已鉴定出8目24科43种(含未定种)哺乳动物,其中以偶蹄类化石最丰富。化石保存状况较差,以碎骨为主,牙齿较少,完整骨骼更少;但骨骼上鲜见啮齿类啮咬痕迹。华龙洞动物群与南京汤山猿人遗址、和县猿人遗址及重庆盐井沟等动物群较为相似,尤其是与和县猿人遗址及南京猿人遗址动物群最为接近,主要表现在如下方面:1)都含古人类化石;2)都不含第三纪动物群的孑遗分子;3)都含有大熊猫-剑齿象动物群的主要成员(大熊猫、剑齿象、巨貘及猪獾等),同时也都含一定量的北方属种,但华龙洞含北方成分相对较少,只发现翁氏麝鼩、麝鼹、变异仓鼠、布氏毛足田鼠、棕熊、李氏野猪、葛氏斑鹿及大角鹿等,华龙洞的大角鹿是该属分布最靠南的地点;4)都含有剑齿象而不含晚更新世常见的亚洲象;5)都含有大量头后骨骼,与以含单个牙齿为主的其它南方洞穴迥然有别。从化石保存状况及属种组成判断,华龙洞堆积时代与和县猿人遗址最为接近,也是中更新世。由于遗址尚未完全暴露,其堆积性质尚不清楚;但从蝙蝠类化石判断,很可能与洞穴堆积有关。     

Later Middle Pleistocene human remains from the Almonda Karstic system, Torres Novas, Portugal

Later Middle Pleistocene archeological deposits of the Galeria Pesada (Gruta da Aroeira), Almonda Karstic System, Torres Novas, Portugal, yielded two archaic human teeth, a mandibular canine and a maxillary third molar. The C(1)presents moderate and asymmetrical shoveling with a stout root. The slightly worn M(3)exhibits at least four cusps with a large hypocone, three roots with large radicular plates, and an absence of taurodontism. They are moderately large for later Middle Pleistocene humans in their buccolingual crown diameters, although the M(3)mesiodistal diameter is modest. The C(1)exhibits labial calculus and multiple linear hypoplastic defects, but the M(3)is lesion free. Both teeth are morphologically similar to those of other Middle Pleistocene European humans and reinforce a pattern of dental hypertrophy among these archaic Homo.     

内蒙古金斯太洞穴遗址发掘简报

2000—2001年间,金斯太洞穴遗址先后经历了两次发掘,面积约80m2, 发掘出土石制品4000余件和大量动物化石。洞穴地层堆积厚达6m以上, 可划分为8层。第3层以下为旧石器时代文化堆积,可分为上、中、下三个文化层。遗址经过14C测年, 旧石器层位年代为距今3.6万年至1.8万左右, 处于旧石器时代中晚期过渡至晚期之末。通过对石、骨制品和部分动物化石的分析可知, 这是一处以旧石器遗存为主,兼有全新世遗存的洞穴遗址。遗址石器工业整体上属于小石器工业, 中文化层阶段出现了勒瓦娄哇技术, 上文化层阶段出现了细石叶工业,并占主体地位, 与小石器工业并行发展。该遗址的发掘为探索北方主工业的分布范围和文化内涵提供了新的材料, 对于探讨旧石器时代的文化交流以及细石叶工业的产生具有重要的意义。     

Hickmania Troglodytes, the Tasmanian Cave Spider, and its Potential Role in Cave Management

Cave faunas – which often contain a high representation of spiders – are subject to increasing pressure from the effects of epigean habitat degradation and recreational caving activities. Hickmania troglodytes is a prominent member of the Tasmanian cave fauna, a spider of phylogenetic, zoogeographic and ecological importance, but about which little has previously been known. Long-term monitoring has revealed many unusual life-cycle characteristics in this species, most of which occur over long periods of time and are dependent upon environmental stability. The species presents a potentially useful tool in the management and monitoring of cave fauna and karst, as it is large, conspicuous, numerous, ubiquitous, sedentary, functionally significant and potentially sensitive to various sources of disturbance. H. troglodytes may provide a visible and obvious measure of disturbance in and around cave entrances, and may also prove useful in detecting broader scale impacts affecting the entire cave. Many promising developments are being made in terms of cave management in Tasmania, but other issues are less well addressed and still need to be resolved. With further research, the use of indicator or sentinel species may prove to be well suited to the less complex and often sparsely populated subterranean environment, and may play an important role within larger management strategies for cave fauna and karst.     

贵州紫云洞和樱桃洞洞内动物的群落结构与洞穴环境关系初步研究

2006年7月对贵州织金县紫云洞和樱桃洞洞内软体动物、节肢动物和脊索动物进行了观察和采集。在紫云洞共获标本1128号,经初步鉴定隶属于3门5纲9目22科60种;在樱桃洞共获标本563号,经初步鉴定隶属于3门8纲12目27科49种。根据两洞内各光带中动物的种类和数量组成不同,将其划分为6个群落。经群落多样性分析：物种丰富度、群落多样性、均匀度和相似性指数最高的分别是群落A（4．8975）、A（2．5312）、A（3．4657）、D（0．3180）。均匀度指数从高到低的顺序是群落F（0．8010）〉D（0．7704）〉E（0．7475）〉A（0．7304）〉C（0．7103）〉B（o．7005）;此外,还研究了部分环境因子与群落多样性的相关性,讨论了洞穴这一特殊生态系统中的食物网结构,并对洞穴动物资源的开发与保护进行了探讨。