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Rashid Ahmed Khan Muhammed Naveed Khalid Pervaiz Akhtar Najeeb Ullah Mureed Hussain 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(17-18):927-938
AbstractThe incidence of insect pests in cotton crop, such as Bemisia tabaci, Amrasca devastans and Pectinophora gossypiella (PBW) is dependent on climatic factors, such as maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. Besides, cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is also a major yield-limiting factor in the cotton crop. The results indicated that non-transgenic genotypes were heavily infested by whitefly, whereas jassid infested all genotypes with little difference. The population of whitefly and jassid acquired peak level in the month of July and August on all the genotypes. The correlation studies indicated the negative correlation of jassid, pink bollworm and CLCuD on yield component, whereas whitefly infestation was found positively correlated with CLCuD. Moreover, multivariate regression analysis (MRA) indicated the maximum and minimum temperature impacted the infestation of whitefly and jassid more than other factors, whereas maximum temperature greatly impacted the infestation of PBW in transgenic genotypes. 相似文献
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木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒(Cotton leaf curl Multan virus,CLCu Mu V)是引起世界范围内棉花曲叶病流行的主要病原之一,目前已入侵我国广东、广西、海南、福建、云南等地区。该病害由烟粉虱传播,随着烟粉虱扩散范围增加、危害不断加重,棉花曲叶病对我国棉花生产的潜在危害也日益增加。加强该病毒传播介体携带病毒的快速、特异性检测技术研发,对该病害的有效检疫与防控具有重要意义。本研究基于木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒(CLCu Mu V)的基因序列设计出LAMP检测4条特异性引物,建立LAMP扩增体系并优化扩增条件,扩增试验证明引物组合的特异性高,LAMP检测所需时间短,仅29 min即可定性检测CLCu Mu V扩增产物;该方法较普通PCR的扩增灵敏度高,可用于检测1头烟粉虱体内是否携带CLCu Mu V,简便易行,只通过颜色变绿或浊度变浑浊即可定性判断。建立的LAMP检测技术可被用于苗木上烟粉虱携带CLCu Mu V的早期检测,为介体昆虫带毒的检疫监测提供一种快速、准确和易操作的新技术。 相似文献
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本文报道海氏桨角蚜小蜂Erelmocerus hayati在室内对不同寄主密度下的B型和Q型烟粉虱Bemisiatabaei寄生和取食情况,并比较了该蜂对两种生物型烟粉虱功能反应的差异。结果表明,海氏桨角蚜小蜂对两种生物型烟粉虱的寄生率和致死率可分别达到60%和70%以上,平均每日最大致死量可达40头烟粉虱若虫。该蜂对两种生物型烟粉虱的功能反应曲线符合Holling Ⅱ型,随寄主密度的增加对烟粉虱若虫的寄生和致死数量均增加直至达到每日最大致死数量,而寄生率和致死率则随寄主密度的增加而显著下降。该蜂对两种生物型烟粉虱的功能反应没有显著的差异。 相似文献
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以转基因棉花和对应的常规棉花亲本为材料,探讨外源基因导入对棉花烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)种群的影响。结果表明,在转基因棉花GK12、33B、SGK上,烟粉虱从卵发育到成虫羽化的历期分别为15.56、15.35和15.25 d,较对应的常规棉亲本SM3(19.38 d)、33(20.81 d)、SY321(18.76 d)分别短24.55%、26.23%、18.71%;GK12和33B棉花上烟粉虱的存活率(69.16%)分别较对应的常规棉亲本SM3(54.76%)和33(64.91%)高26.29%和12.81%,而SGK(63.21%)上烟粉虱的存活率与对应的常规棉亲本SY321(62.61%)之间差异不显著;烟粉虱在GK12(84.00)和33B(77.25)上的产卵量分别较SM3(62.25)、33(70.00)高34.93%和10.35%,但SGK和SY321之间差异不显著;在转基因棉花GK12、33B、SGK上,烟粉虱的雌雄性比分别比对应的常规棉亲本高26.71%、46.23%和19.17%。结果表明,外源基因导入后,有助于烟粉虱的发育,提高了烟粉虱的产卵量和雌雄性比,从而促进了烟粉虱种群的上升。 相似文献
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Zahra Khorsand Saeid Moharramipour Mahmood Shojaee Vahid Hosseininaveh 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(11):1381-1389
The esterase enzymes are a major component of insect detoxification systems and play a crucial role in hydrolyzing lots of xenobiotic compounds. Among insect, generalist herbivores can exhibit developed biochemical defences as a result of exposing to a wide range of plant chemical compounds. To overcome this ability, host plants may affect the level of hydrolases in herbivore insects feeding on. To examine this hypothesis, in the present study total esterase activity was investigated in a highly polyphagous whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, reared on six different varieties of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum. Results showed significant differences in esterase activity of B. tabaci feeding on the host plant varieties. The highest esterase activities were detected in whiteflies feeding on Sk-Tb and Siokra varieties, whereas those whiteflies that feed on Hopicala variety exhibited the least esterase activities. Our findings highlight the important role of host plants in detoxification ability of herbivore insects. The importance of these findings in biology of insect pests and their applications in integrated pest management programmes of B. tabaci have been discussed in detail. 相似文献
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【目的】烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)是一种外来入侵性的重大农业害虫,越南斧瓢虫Axinoscymnus apioides Kuznetsov&Ren是其重要的捕食性天敌之一,本文系统研究了越南斧瓢虫对烟粉虱的捕食作用。【方法】在温度误差为±1℃,相对湿度为75%,光照周期为L︰D=14︰10条件下,测定瓢虫成虫对烟粉虱各虫态的功能反应和不同温度下对烟粉虱4龄若虫的功能反应以及测定瓢虫成虫取食烟粉虱4龄若虫个体间的干扰反应。【结果】结果表明,越南斧瓢虫对烟粉虱的功能反应呈HollingⅡ型,随着猎物龄期的增加,越南斧瓢虫成虫的寻找效率(a)逐渐降低,处置时间(Th)基本依次延长。温度对瓢虫的捕食效应影响显著,试验所设温度为15,20,25,30,35℃,越南斧瓢虫成虫的寻找效率(a)分别为0.3226,0.4496,0.5868,0.5788和0.6235,处置时间(Th)分别为0.2348,0.1451,0.1039,0.0904和0.0976,均与温度(T)则呈二次曲线关系。越南斧瓢虫对烟粉虱4龄若虫的捕食作用率(E)在捕食者密度较低(在1~5头)时,捕食作用率下降较快,而在捕食者>6时,其对捕食作用率的影响效果减小。寻找系数为0.0607,干扰系数为0.5569。【结论】随着猎物龄期的增加,越南斧瓢虫成虫的寻找效率降低,处置时间延长;越南斧瓢虫成虫对烟粉虱4龄若虫的寻找效率随着温度的升高而提高,而在更高的温度条件下,其寻找效率略有下降。瓢虫对烟粉虱的处置时间则随着温度的升高而不断缩短;越南斧瓢虫成虫自身密度对其捕食作用产生干扰反应,捕食作用率随着捕食者密度的增加而降低。 相似文献
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淡色斧瓢虫对烟粉虱的捕食作用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了淡色斧瓢虫对烟粉虱的捕食作用.结果表明,淡色斧瓢虫对烟粉虱的功能反应呈Holling Ⅱ型.随着猎物龄期的增加,淡色斧瓢虫成虫的寻找效率(a)逐渐降低,处置时间(Th)依次延长;随着淡色斧瓢虫幼虫龄期的增加,其对烟粉虱卵的寻找效率逐渐提高,处置时间依次缩短.淡色斧瓢虫成虫对烟粉虱卵的捕食效应随捕食者间干扰作用的增加而下降,捕食作用率(E)与淡色斧瓢虫数量(P)之间呈幂函数关系,即E=0.5205P-0.6631.温度对淡色斧瓢虫的捕食效应影响显著,寻找效率和处置时间与温度间的函数关系为:a=- 0.0002T3+0.0166T2-0.3492T+3.2329,Th=4×10-7T3-3×10-5T2+0.0006T-0.0009. 相似文献
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Maohai Li Nianwan Yang Fanghao Wan Liling Liu Yan Chen Jianping Li 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》2017,27(5):677-685
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is an important invasive pest of vegetables and other horticultural plants worldwide. In this study, the functional response of Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) to different stages of immature B. tabaci was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Predation experiments were conducted on tomato leaf discs (2.5?cm diameter) over a 24-h period at 26?±?1°C and 65?±?5% relative humidity with a L16:D8 photoperiod. The prey densities ranged from 5 to 90 immature stages (eggs and first- to fourth-instar nymphs) of B. tabaci per leaf disc. The results showed that the egg stage of B. tabaci was the most susceptible prey stage and that the mated female adult mite (3-day-old) was a more effective predator than the male adult mite. The functional response of adult N. cucumeris followed a Type II trend curve as shown in a logistic regression model. Adult N. cucumeris exhibited different predation tendencies towards prey in different stages of immaturity. The daily maximum number of eggs, first-, second- and third-instar nymphs of B. tabaci killed by a single female over a 24-h period (26?±?1°C, 65?±?5% RH and L16:D8 photoperiod) were 8.5, 5.2, 3.0 and 2.1, respectively, whereas the number killed by a single male was 6.0, 4.0, 2.3 and 1.8, respectively. The results of this study could help determine an effective B. tabaci biocontrol measure that employs a natural predator. 相似文献
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H M NATESHAN V. MUNIYAPPA M M SWANSON B D HARRISON 《The Annals of applied biology》1996,128(2):233-244
In 1989 to 1991, leaf curl disease was observed in cotton (Gossypium bar-badense cv. Local) grown in kitchen gardens in five districts in Karnataka State, India, and in 1994 it was recorded in G. hirsutum cv. Sharada in two districts. Symptoms consist of leaf curling, vein thickening, leaf enations, and stunting and distortion of plants. The disease is caused by cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV-K), which was transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci to 24 plant species in six families. Hosts include bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), pepper, tobacco, tomato and several weeds, almost all of which developed leaf curl, with or without vein thickening. CLCuV-K was transmitted from cotton to cotton by adult B. tabaci after an acquisition access period of 1 h, could be inoculated in 5 min, had a minimum latent period of 8 h and was retained by viruliferous insects for up to 9 days. Female B. tabaci transmitted more frequently than males. CLCuV-K is a whitefly-transmitted geminivirus. It reacted with two out of 17 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised to African cassava mosaic virus and five out of 10 MAbs raised to Indian cassava mosaic virus. CLCuV-K isolates from different locations in Karnataka had similar epitope profiles. As judged by these profiles, CLCuV-K is closely related to Indian tomato leaf curl virus from Karnataka, is distinguishable from several other whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses found in India and is still more distantly related to those, including cotton leaf crumple virus from the USA, found in other continents. CLCuV-K infected all cultivars tested of G. barbadense and one of six cultivars of G. hirsutum but none of G. arboreum or G. herbaceum. 相似文献
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Field monitoring revealed that the infection ratio of the bacterial symbiont Cardinium in the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci MED) was relatively low in northern China. However, the role of this symbiont and the symbiont–whitefly–host plant interaction mechanism are poorly understood. We investigated the influence of Cardinium on the competitiveness of the host whitefly and the physiological interaction between the host plants and host whiteflies. Cardinium-infected whiteflies were displaced by uninfected whiteflies after 5 generations, which showed that Cardinium infection reduced whitefly competitiveness. The defense response genes of cotton significantly decreased under infestation by infected whiteflies compared to uninfected whiteflies. The expression of detoxification metabolism genes, especially the uridine 5ʹ-diphospho-glucuronyltransferase and P450 genes, in infected whiteflies significantly decreased. These results demonstrated that Cardinium could inhibit the defense response of the host plant and decrease the detoxification metabolism ability of the host whitefly. The reduced competitiveness of infected whiteflies may be associated with the inhibition of the whitefly detoxification metabolism by Cardinium, resulting in the reduced performance of infected whiteflies. However, Cardinium infection can suppress plant defenses, which may benefit both infected and uninfected whiteflies when they coexist. This research illustrates the symbiont–whitefly–host plant interaction mechanism and the population dynamics of the whitefly. 相似文献
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CHANG-CHI CHU EDWARD BARNES ERIC T. NATWICK TIAN-YECHEN DAVID RITTER THOMAS J. HENNEBERRY 《Insect Science》2007,14(2):165-170
An outbreak of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), biotype B occurred in the Imperial Valley, California in 1991. The insects destroyed melon crops and seriously damaged other vegetables, ornamentals and row crops. As a result of the need for sampling technology, we developed a whitefly trap (named the CC trap) that could be left in the field for extended time periods. We used the traps to monitor populations ofB. tabaci adults during year-round samplings from 1996 to 2002 to study variations in the weekly trap catches of the insect. The greatest number ofB. tabaci adults was recorded in 1996, followed by a continuing annual decrease in trap catches each year through 2002. The overall decline of B. tabaci is attributed in part to the adoption of an integrated pest management (IPM) program initiated in 1992 and reduced melon hectares from 1996 to 2002. Other factors may also have contributed to the population reductions. Seasonally, B. tabaci trap catches decreased during the late summer and fall concurrent with decreasing minimum tempera- tares that are suggested to be a significant factor affecting seasonal activity and reproduction. 相似文献
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Abstract Thelyotokous biotype of Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a parasitoid of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), was recently recorded in northern Iran. Reproductive biology of this biotype was studied as part of an evaluation of its potential for biological control of B. tabaci. The parasitoid deposited more eggs under 2nd and 3rd nymphal instars than 1st or 4th instars. Adult females fed honey, with no access to whitefly nymphs, lived significantly longer (13.6 ± 4.7 d) than those given access to nymphs, but not fed honey (7.6 ± 2.21 d). Lifetime fecundity averaged 81.7 ± 26.9 female progeny per female parasitoid, ranging from 11–132. Daily fecundity, measured as the number of whitefly nymphs parasitized by per female each day for 10 d, averaged 18.06 ± 3.95 for the first 6 d of life, and then declined to < 11. Developmental time from oviposition to parasitoid emergence was significantly shorter in the 3rd instar of the host (15.9 ± 1.06 d) than in the 1st instar (18.7 ± 2.3 d), but not in the 2nd instar (16.4 ± 1.3 d). 相似文献
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烟粉虱的飞行行为与害虫综合治理策略 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
烟粉虱具有较强的飞行潜力,飞行高度可以超过150 m,在田间的扩散距离最远可以超过150 km,但在食源丰富地区,较少作远距离的扩散,绝大部分飞行高度在距地面0.5 m左右.烟粉虱具有搜索飞行和迁飞飞行特性,它是寻找适宜寄主和扩大生境的重要方式.烟粉虱不具备“卵子发生与飞行共轭”的典型特征.可见光、温湿度、寄主质量和风等是影响烟粉虱飞行行为的重要生态因子.本文对烟粉虱的飞行能力、飞行生理学和影响飞行的生态因子进行了综述,对非露地越冬区利用烟粉虱的飞行特性实施IPM策略进行了探讨. 相似文献
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McKenzie CL Shatters RG Doostdar H Lee SD Inbar M Mayer RT 《Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology》2002,49(4):203-214
The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B, has been shown to cause pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins to accumulate in plants as a result of direct feeding, but their specific role in plant defensive systems is unclear. Our objective was to compare accumulation of tomato PR proteins (beta-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, peroxidase, P2 and P4) in response to whitefly, with or without tomato mottle virus (ToMoV) infection. Tomato PR protein response was measured over time in plants divided into three treatments: uninfected controls (with or without whiteflies) and plants infested with viruliferous (ToMoV) whiteflies. Five- to six-leaf plants were infested with approximately 5 adult whitefly per leaf. Plants were sampled prior to whitefly infestation and at 14, 28, 42, and 56 days. By 56 days, plants infested with viruliferous whiteflies had significantly more eggs (2.5-fold) and nymphs (4.5-fold) than plants with nonviruliferous whiteflies. A significant increase in the enzymatic activity of all measured PR proteins, as compared to control plants, was only seen in viruliferous whitefly-infested plants. No significant difference was observed in enzyme activities between the uninfected control plants either with or without whiteflies. The greatest differences for all PR proteins assayed were observed 42 days after treatment initiation. Protein blot analyses showed that the differences in PR protein activities among the treatments were due to changes in specific enzyme levels within the plant and were associated with concomitant increases in levels of P2 and P4 PR proteins. Under our experimental conditions, it is clear that PR protein response is much more intense when it is attacked by whiteflies carrying ToMoV than by whitefly alone. 相似文献
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B型烟粉虱是近二十年来入侵世界各国并暴发成灾的一种世界性重要害虫。近年来, B型烟粉虱的入侵机制研究表明,其成功定殖、扩散、暴发与其对入侵地区的土著烟粉虱种群和其它昆虫种群的竞争取代有关;竞争取代包括生态位竞争,生殖干涉,其危害寄主对其它昆虫的影响等方面。B型烟粉虱抗药性的形成也是这种生物成功入侵的重要影响因素。同时,生态环境(包括寄主植物、气候因子、越冬场所等)的影响也不容忽视。最后本文还探讨了B型烟粉虱入侵机制研究动态及其意义。 相似文献
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在实验室控制条件下,以转Bt基因棉花GK12、33B、SGK321上的烟粉虱为食料饲养龟纹瓢虫,研究转Bt基因棉花上的烟粉虱对龟纹瓢虫生长发育及捕食的影响,同时利用Y型嗅觉仪,观察龟纹瓢虫对来自不同类型棉花的棉叶及其烟粉虱的嗅觉反应和视觉反应。结果表明,转Bt基因棉花和对应的常规棉亲本上的烟粉虱对龟纹瓢虫的发育历期和存活率没有明显的影响。龟纹瓢虫对棉花叶片、烟粉虱若虫、蜜露、蜕等4种物质的视觉反应之间没有明显的差异。对4种嗅源物质的嗅觉选择性的大小依次为:烟粉虱若虫>蜕>棉花>蜜露;在两类不同的棉花之间,转基因棉花和常规棉,龟纹瓢虫对GK12、33B、SGK321等三种转基因棉花上的烟粉虱若虫的嗅觉选择性明显较对应的常规棉亲本SM3、33、SY321上的烟粉虱若虫小;对烟粉虱若虫的蜕,两种转单价基因棉花GK12、33B较对应的常规棉亲本上的小,而转双价基因的棉花SGK321上与对应的常规棉之间没有明显的差异。烟粉虱密度大于200头.皿-1时,龟纹瓢虫捕食转基因棉花上烟粉虱的数量大于对应的常规棉花亲本,但烟粉虱密度小于200头.皿-1时,龟纹瓢虫捕食转基因棉花上烟粉虱的数量小于对应的常规棉花亲本。龟纹瓢虫对烟粉虱的捕食符合HollingⅡ型反应。龟纹瓢虫取食转基因棉花上的烟粉虱的理论极限值、瞬间攻击率均大于常规棉花。 相似文献