西秦岭若尔盖,迭部志留纪和早泥盆世棘鱼类的首次报道——西？…

记述了西秦岭若尔盖、迭部一带志留纪庙沟组和羊路沟组以及早泥盆世下普通沟组棘鱼亚纲化石。这些化石被归属于５属７种,其中包含１新属３新种。在国内首次记述了Ｗｅｎｌｏｃｋｉａｎ棘鱼类化石和志留￣泥盆系过渡带棘鱼序列。     

克氏鱼(Clarkeosteus)的新发现

文中记述了采自云南盘溪地区一真节甲鱼类化石,根据材料特征认为属于克氏鱼属—新种,即一打得克氏鱼(Clarkeosteus yidadeinsis sp. nov.).     

西秦岭若尔盖、迭部志留纪和早泥盆世棘鱼类的首次报道──西秦岭志留纪和泥盆纪脊椎动物研究之一

记述了西秦岭若尔盖、迭部一带志留纪庙沟组（LateWenlockian）和羊路沟组（Pridolian）以及早泥盆世下普通沟组（Lochkovian）棘鱼亚细化石．这些化石被归属于5属7种,其中包含1新属3新种。在国内首次记述了Wenlockian棘鱼类化石和志留～泥盆系过渡带棘鱼序列。     

云南武定中泥盆世骨鳞鱼目一新种

本文记述的是采自云南武定中泥盆统地层中的一个总鳍类、骨鳞鱼目(Osteolepiformes Jarvik 1942)、骨鳞鱼科(Osteolepididae Cope 1889)的瑟索鱼属(Thursius)化石新种——武定瑟索鱼(Thursius wudingensis sp. nov.).对骨鳞鱼化石的记述在国内尚属首次.本文除了对化石新种进行描述和分类之外,还对武定瑟索鱼的生物地理意义以及它与杨氏鱼的关系作了尝试性的探讨.     

盾皮鱼类下颌板在中国的首次报道

记述了产自云南省华宁县盘溪地区一打得组一新的节甲鱼类化石,似扁平华宁鱼（Ｈｕａｎｉｎｇｉｃｈｔｈｙｓ ｏｍａｌｏｄｅｓ ｇｅｎ． ｅｔ　ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．）。化石为一完整的下颌板,这是我国首次记述的盾皮鱼类下颌骨化石。根据与下颌板一起产出的竹节石化石和地层对比,产出化石的地层时代为晚泥盆世早期（Ｆｒａｓｎｉａｎ）。该类鱼的生境为浅海深水的盆地相或开放海环境。     

滇东中泥盆统的节甲鱼类化石

本文记述了节甲鱼类中称为北极鱼类的三个新属种:Exutaspis megista,Kunmingolepislucaowanensis,Yangaspis jinningensis,化石分别采自武定海口组(广义),海口和晋宁的海口组。代表我国中泥盆世该类化石鱼类的首次记述。     

云南丽江早泥盆世棘鱼类微体化石的首次报道

记述了云南丽江县鸣音区阿冷初早泥盆世山江组 (Lochkovian EarlyPragian)和阿冷初组(Middle LatePragian)棘鱼亚纲微体化石。这些化石被归属于 4属 5种 ,其中包含 1新属 2新种。这是西藏—滇西区棘鱼类化石的首次报道。不同于华南区棘鱼类的组成 ,丽江早泥盆世棘鱼类以栅棘鱼目属种为主 ,缺少锉棘鱼目属种。它与国外对比 ,则与澳大利亚新南威尔士中部同时代的棘鱼类表现出较多的相似性     

广西和湖南的大瓣鱼科化石

详细记述了广西博白和湖南长沙中泥盆世的大瓣鱼科化石,依其特征建立一新属——广西瓣甲鱼Guangxipetalichthysgennov,该属头甲骨片排列型式与澳大利亚的Shearsbyaspis较为接近。同时讨论了鱼化石动物群及相关的地层问题。     

记云南路南晚始新世化石獏类

本文记述了在云南省路南县路美邑地区发现的五种始新世化石獏类。这是西南地区该类动物最集中的一次发现。另外,本文对当时獏类在我国的分布以及它们与华北地区、西南地区化石獏类的关系作了初步的探讨。     

四川早泥盆世植物群的研究

本文首次系统地记述了四川下泥盆统平驿铺组的植物化石,共计9属13种,其中包括一个新属 和三个新种。它们分属于苔藓植物(?)和早期维管植物的四大类(Rhyoiophytina、Zosterophyllo-phytina, Trimerophytina和Lycophytina)。根据植物组合的面貌,还讨论了平驿铺组的地质时代相当于欧洲的西根期(Siegenian),并可能包括部分吉丁期(Gedinnian)和最早的埃姆斯期(Emsian)。     

武定中泥盆世早期节甲鱼的新材料

记述了云南武定中泥盆世早期旧城组节甲鱼类—新属新种,并讨论了它与其它一些节甲鱼之间的系统关系.     

江西崇义地区上泥盆统节甲类(Arthrodira)的新材料

我国泥盆系鱼化石非常丰富,尤其是下、中泥盆统。但是,上泥盆统鱼化石发现尚少,而且主要是胴甲类化石,节甲类化石则很少发现。潘江（１９６２）在对斯行健已记述的一植物化石 Ｃｈａｎｇｙａｎｏｐｈｙｔｏｎ ｈｏｐｅｉｅｎｓｉｓ Ｓｚｅ重新进行观察时认为,该化石应属于盾皮鱼类,并将其归人瓣甲类 Ｍａｃｒｏｐｔｅｔａｌｉｃｈｔｈｙｉｄａｅ（？）,化石仅包括前腹侧片和胸棘。 Ｄｅｎｉｓｏｎ（１９７８）根据潘江的文章和插图则认为, Ｃｈａｎｇｙａｎｏｐｈｙｔｏｎ ｈｕｐｅｉｅｎｓｉｓ属于原始节甲类或者瓣甲类。王念忠等…     

云南盘溪地区节甲类鱼化石

本文记述了采自云南盘溪地区一节甲类鱼化石.作者1982年曾根据在该地区采获的少数骨片定为 Dunkleosteus yunnanensis.通过对原标本和新材料的仔细观察以及与有关属种对比,认为原定的 Dunkleosteus yunnanensis 应为 Eastmanosteus yunnanensis.     

云南武定节甲类的新材料

文中描述了采自云南武定中泥盆统一新的属种Yinostius maior gen.et sp.nov.属于短胸节甲类Heterosteidae科,这类化石在我国系初次发现。     

Feeding mechanics and bite force modelling of the skull of Dunkleosteus terrelli, an ancient apex predator

Placoderms are a diverse group of armoured fishes that dominated the aquatic ecosystems of the Devonian Period, 415-360 million years ago. The bladed jaws of predators such as Dunkleosteus suggest that these animals were the first vertebrates to use rapid mouth opening and a powerful bite to capture and fragment evasive prey items prior to ingestion. Here, we develop a biomechanical model of force and motion during feeding in Dunkleosteus terrelli that reveals a highly kinetic skull driven by a unique four-bar linkage mechanism. The linkage system has a high-speed transmission for jaw opening, producing a rapid expansion phase similar to modern fishes that use suction during prey capture. Jaw closing muscles power an extraordinarily strong bite, with an estimated maximal bite force of over 4400 N at the jaw tip and more than 5300 N at the rear dental plates, for a large individual (6 m in total length). This bite force capability is the greatest of all living or fossil fishes and is among the most powerful bites in animals.     

Ultrastructure of the nuchal organs in the polychaete Platynereis dumerilii (Annelida,Nereididae)

Abstract. We examined the nuchal organs of adults of the nereidid polychaete Platynereis dumerilii by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The most prominent features of the nuchal organs are paired ciliary bands located dorsolaterally at the posterior margin of the prostomium. They are composed of primary sensory cells and multiciliated supporting cells, both covered by a thin cuticle. The supporting cells have motile cilia that penetrate the cuticle and are responsible for the movement of water. Subapically, they have a narrowed neck region; the spaces between the neck regions of these supporting cells comprise the olfactory chamber. The dendrites of the sensory cells give rise to a single modified cilium that crosses the olfactory chamber; numerous thin microvillus-like processes, presumably extending from the sensory cells, also traverse the olfactory chamber. At the periphery of the ciliated epithelium runs a large nervous process between the ciliated supporting cells. It consists of smaller bundles of sensory dendrites that unite to form the nuchal nerve, which leaves the ciliated epithelium basally and runs toward the posterior part of the brain, where the perikarya of the sensory cells are located in clusters. The ciliated epithelium of the nuchal organs is surrounded by non-ciliated, peripheral epidermal cells. Those immediately adjacent to the ciliated supporting cells have a granular cuticle; those further away have a smooth cuticle. The nuchal organs of epitokous individuals of P. dumerilii are similar to those described previously in other species of polychaetes and are a useful model for understanding the development of nuchal organs in polychaetes.     

湖南晚泥盆世短胸节甲鱼类一新属

本报道的鱼类化石产自湖南石门大京州的上泥盆统写经寺组。在中国泥盆纪地层分区上,化石产地属于华南区的湘、鄂、川交界分区(侯鸿飞等,1988)。该分区泥盆系为一套厚度不超过500m的近岸海相碎屑岩沉积,仅发育中泥盆统上部至上泥盆统(图1),并普遍超覆在志留系温洛克统之上,以角度不整合伏于石炭系或二叠系之下。上泥盆统分两个组,从下而上分别为黄家磴组和写经寺组。黄家磴组系杨敬之、穆恩之(1953)创立,标准地点在湖北长阳马鞍山东端的黄家磴。岩性为砂岩夹少量页岩,植物化石丰富,并含有误订为植物化石的湖北长阳鱼(Changyanophyton hupeiense Sze,1952)。根据植物化石组合面貌,黄家磴组的时代被认为是晚泥盆世早期。写经寺组是谢家荣、刘季辰(1927)创立的。岩性分为二段：下段以泥灰岩为主,含Yunnanella abrupta、Yunnanellina triplicata等腕足类化石;上段以砂页岩为主,含植物化石,其组合面貌除大致与黄家磴组相似外,还有一些新的分子,如Leptophloeum guanzhuangense、Cyclostigma hunanense等。根据动、植物化石群的性质,写经寺组的时代大致与法门期早期相当。多年来,在这一分区的泥盆纪地层里,很少鱼类化石。杨敬之、穆恩之(1953)曾提及在湖北长阳写经寺组底部发现的鱼化石,这些鱼化石与腕足类Yunnanella、Tenticospirifer等共生,但种属并未定出。已记述过的鱼化石只有湖北长阳黄家磴组的长阳鱼(潘江,1962)。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sebastiscus vibrantus</Emphasis>, a new species of rockfish (Sebastidae) from Indonesia and Taiwan

A new species of rockfish, Sebastiscus vibrantus, is described on the basis of 24 specimens collected from Bali, Indonesia and Taiwan. Although closely resembling Sebastiscus tertius (Barsukov and Chen 1978) in overall body appearance, and having usually 19 pectoral-fin rays and black margined white blotches scattered on the lateral body surface, the new species has thicker unbranched pectoral-fin rays, a greater pectoral-fin base length, the third dorsal-fin soft ray usually longest, the anterior margin of the scaled suborbital area not reaching level the anterior margin of the orbit, and weakly developed nuchal spines.     

Auditory epithelial migration on the human tympanic membrane: II. The existence of two discrete migratory pathways and their embryologic correlates

The pathways of movement of dye-markings on the tympanic membranes of 30 ears of 15 volunteers were investigated by photography with a Hopkin's rod. Two discrete pathways were identified. Movement on the pars tensa was centrifugal in all directions from the edge of the handle of malleus surface. This supported our previous suggestion that pars tensa epithelial migration is based on growth of the meatal plate. Movement on the more central part of the handle surface itself, however, was always upwards to the pars flaccida epithelium and then, with all dye on the latter, in a posterosuperior direction only. The covering epithelium of the pars flaccida/handle of malleus arises from the fundus of the early embryonic external canal. To explore the possibility that its migration may also commence early, the fundus was examined histologically in 12 embryo ears. It was shaped like an inverted pear to conform to the primordial head of the malleus above and its handle below. There was distinct flattening of the whole fundal epithelium in contrast to the side wall of the external canal, lending support to the concept of a primordial flux of epithelium in the main fundus and its inferior extension. The meatal plate grew from the rim of the fundus producing the pars tensa and deep external canal epithelia. This process, however, was not associated with significant cytologic alterations or increased expression of the human proliferation antigen, Ki-67, at that rim. This suggests that the pars tensa epithelium grows and moves without the active involvement of the epithelium of the pars flaccida/handle of malleus.