A new species of Hapalorchis (Spiranthinae,Orchidaceae) from Colombia

Hapalorchis bicornis, a new species from Colombia, is described, illustrated and placed within the key for the determination of Colombian Hapalorchis species. The information about the distribution and ecology of the new species as well as brief taxonomic notes are provided.     

Two new species of Protium from French Guiana. Studies in neotropical Burseraceae VIII

Revision of Protium in French Guiana has revealed two new species. Protium gallicum is related to P. aracouchini (Aubl.) Marchand and P. elegans Engl., although its fruits resemble those of P. plagiocarpium Bénoist. Protium inodorum, which also occurs in northern Pará, Brazil, is related to P. pallidum Cuatrec. and P. cuneatum Swart; it is known only from flowers and very young fruits. Even in relatively well-known regions of tropical forest, botanical exploration continues to yield new taxa.     

Aulonemia bogotensis (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new species from the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia

A new species of Aulonemia from the páramos of the Cordillera Oriental, Cundinamarca, Colombia, is described and illustrated. Aulonemia bogotensis is distinguished by its diminutive size, abaxially tomentose foliage leaf blades, and spikelets with muticous lemmas. Two similar Colombian endemics, A. pumila and A. trianae, are compared and contrasted with the new species.     

Notes on Dacryodes Vahl, including a new species from the Rio Negro basin in Amazonia. Studies in neotropical Burseraceae. XI

Dacryodes is a poorly known pantropical genus of some 67 species; a new revision now under way reveals that the Neotropical region is home to at least 36 species, 14 of them undescribed. The genus is introduced with a brief taxonomic history, a presentation of the putative differences fromPseudodacryodes, a discussion of the infrageneric classification, and a preliminary comparison of Neo- and Paleotropical taxa. Characteristics that make the genus difficult to study are pointed out.Dacryodes negrensis, the first in a series of new taxa, is described and illustrated.     

Notes on the genus Quekettia (Orchidaceae) with descriptions of two new species from Colombia and Guyana

Two new species of the orchid genus Quekettia are described. Colombian Quekettia aureliae is distinguished from similar Q. microscopica by the pandurate lip with a pair of small, flap‐like calli in the isthmus between hypo‐ and epichile, and deeply emarginated epichile apex. Quekettia senghasiana found in Guyana resembles Q. papillosa but it is characterized by the free lateral sepals, oblanceolate, obtuse petals and much larger lip which is oblong–obovate in outline and with lip disc being papillate only near the base.     

A new species of Grotea Cresson (Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae, Labeninae) from Colombia

The genus Grotea has 18 described species. A new species, Grotea villosissimasp. n., is described here and its host information included. This is the first record of Grotea for Colombia.     

Freshwater fugu or pufferfishes of the genusTetraodon from the Mekong basin, with descriptions of two new species

The fresh waters of the Mekong basin are inhabited by five species of the pufferfish genusTetraodon Linnaeus, 1758 (sensu lato): the widely distributedT. leiurus Bleeker, 1851; two previously described species endemic to the Mekong,T. baileyi Sontirat, 1989 andT. suvattii Sontirat & Soonthornsathit, 1985; one new species endemic to the Mekong basins.Tetraodon baileyi has now been collected numerous times but only in or near rapids;T. abei, T. barbatus andT. suvattii are often but not exclusively associated with rapids or at least swift flowing streams; whileT. leiurus is found in almost all habitats except rapids.Tetraodon abei andT. barbatus are closely related toT. leiurus, from which they differ most strikingly in coloration.Tetraodon survattii differs from all of the others in having a strongly upturned mouth and light and dark stripes or spots radiating outwards from the eye.Tetraodon baileyi, the most distinctive Mekong pufferfish, has head and body more or less extensively covered with dermal cirri and is entirely scaleless.     

Four new species of Cayaponia (Cucurbitaceae) from Brazil and Bolivia

Four new species ofCayaponia are described and illustrated: three from Brazil (C. cogniauxiana, C. nitida andC. rugosa) and one from Brazil and Bolivia (C. ferruginea).     

Dacryodes edilsonii, a new species from southwestern Amazonia. Studies in neotropical Burseraceae XII

Dacryodes edilsonii Daly (Burseraceae) is one of at least 14 still undescribed neotropical species in the genus; it is also one of a large number of new species emerging from intensified botanical exploration of the Brazilian state of Acre in southwestern Amazonia. The new species is easily distinguished from most other Neotropical species of the genus by its usually densely long-pubescent petiole, rachis, petiolules, and abaxial midvein.     

Systematics of the Platyrrhinus helleri species complex (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), with descriptions of two new species

Platyrrhinus is a diverse genus of small to large phyllostomid bats characterized by a comparatively narrow uropatagium thickly fringed with hair, a white dorsal stripe, comparatively large inner upper incisors that are convergent at the tips, and three upper and three lower molars. Eighteen species are currently recognized, the majority occurring in the Andes. Molecular, morphological, and morphometric analyses of specimens formerly identified as Platyrrhinus helleri support recognition of Platyrrhinus incarum as a separate species and reveal the presence of two species from western and northern South America that we describe herein as new ( Platyrrhinus angustirostris sp. nov. from eastern Colombia and Ecuador, north‐eastern Peru, and Venezuela and Platyrrhinus fusciventris sp. nov. from Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Trinidad and Tobago, northern Brazil, eastern Ecuador, and southern Venezuela). These two new species are sister taxa and, in turn, sister to Platyrrhinus incarum. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 159 , 785–812.     

The genus Mesadenella (Orchidaceae) in Colombia with description of two new species

Two new species of Mesadenella, M. longipetiolata and M. bicordata, are described, illustrated and placed within the key to identification of Colombian Mesadenella species. The information about distribution and ecology of the new species as well as brief taxonomic notes are provided.     

The “tortoise’s cajá”—a new species of Spondias (Anacardiaceae) from southwestern Amazonia

Botanical exploration in southwestern Amazonia has revealed a new species, Spondias testudinis J. D. Mitch. & Daly, described and illustrated here. Its distribution appears to be restricted to the Brazilian state of Acre; Pando in Bolivia; and Huánuco and Ucayali in Peru. The sexuality of the flowers of Spondias and its implications regarding their morphology is discussed. A provisional key to the neotropical species is presented.     

Taxonomy of the Polygonum douglasii (Polygonaceae) complex with a new species from Oregon

The taxonomy of the Polygonum douglasii complex is revised. A summary of relevant taxonomic information is provided, along with a key to the species and subspecies, plus typification, synonymy, discussion, distribution, and ecology. Morphology and micromorphology of stems, leaves, perianth, pollen, and achenes are analyzed and illustrated. Based on these data, 12 species and two subspecies are recognized. A new species, P. gabrielae, is described and illustrated from Oregon.     

A new species of Geotrigona Moure from the Caribbean coast of Colombia (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

A new species of the Neotropical stingless bee genus Geotrigona Moure from the Caribbean coast of Colombia is described and figured. Geotrigona joearroyoisp. n. belongs to the fulvohirta species group and is distinguished on the basis of color and type of pubescence on the metasomal terga. New geographical records and an updated key to the species of Geotrigona are provided.     

A new species of Didymodon Hedw. (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) from Peru

Didymodon incurvus J. A. Jiménez & M. J. Cano, is described and illustrated as a new species based on specimens collected from the Puno department in southern Peru. The new taxon is distinguished from others species of the genus by its oblong-lanceolate and appressed leaves when dry, incurved margins above midleaf, and the presence of a bulging ventral costal pad of cells. A key to species of Didymodon in Peru is provided. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2008, 156 , 221–226.     

A noteworthy new species of Tovomita (Clusiaceae) from Amazonian white sand forests of Peru and Colombia

Tovomita calophyllophylla, from white sand forests of the Amazonian lowlands of Colombia and Peru, is described. The species is unique by its leaves and petioles which somewhat resemble those of two other genera of Clusiaceae,Calophyllum andGarcinia.

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Resumen   Tovomita calophyllophylla, una nueva especie de los bosques sobre arenas blancas de la Amazonía colombiana y peruana es descrita. Esta especie es única por sus hojas y peciolo que asemejan algo a los de otros dos géneros de Clusiaceae,Calophyllum y Garcinia.

     

An integrative approach to species delimitation in Echinodorus (Alismataceae) and the description of two new species

Summary  Taxonomy of the genus Echinodorus is partially revisited in the light of current understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of the genus. As a result of new taxonomy, the species status of some previously synonymised taxa are restored, other names are synonymised, and some nomenclatural problems unnoticed by previous authors are resolved. Two new species, Echinodorus reptilis and E. emersus are described. The subgeneric divisions of the genus are not accepted, and all subspecific taxa are either rejected or established as species. As a result, 28 species based on a phylogenetic species concept are now recognised in Echinodorus and an identification key to these species is provided.     

The subterranean genus Niphargus (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in the Middle East: A faunistic overview with descriptions of two new species

The Middle East is at the southeastern borderline of the range of the subterranean amphipod Niphargus. The review of new and published data identified two new species and set the guidelines for the future research in the area. The genus in this part of the world seems to be insufficiently studied. The taxonomic status of Niphargus valachicus, population identified as N. spoeckeri and some populations, identified as N. nadarini, need to be reviewed. According to present data, we expect the highest diversity in Western Turkey. The eventual new records of the genus in the Middle East can be expected from those areas where even the longest periods of drought in the recent geological history did not affect the water supply.     

Review of the neotropical endemics Burmeistera, Centropogon, and Siphocampylus (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae), with description of 18 new species and a new section

Burmeistera, Centropogon, and Siphocampylus together comprise more than 500 species endemic to the Neotropics, Current knowledge of these genera is unsatisfactory, with much diversity yet to be described. Over the past seven years, one out of every 28 specimens received for identification has represented a new species, many characterized by unique or unusual character states. Siphocampylus smilax (Bolivia) is unique in the genus in its parallelodromous leaf venation and extra-floral nectaries. Centropogon dianae (Peru) cannot be accommodated in any recognized infrageneric taxon, and a new section, Centropogon sect. Niveopsis, is proposed for it. The flowers of C. steinii (Ecuador) are the smallest known in the genus, while C. connatilobatus (Venezuela) is the first species to combine arbusculiform pubescence and connate calyx lobes. Burmeistera venezuelensis is only the second species of the genus known to occur in Venezuela and the first to be endemic; similarly, Centropogon wilburii is only the third species of Centropogon known from Mexico and the first to be endemic to that country. Additional novelties are also described.