金银忍冬白粉菌及其重寄生菌的报道

通过对来自中国青岛金银忍冬的调查,发现一中国新记录种——金银忍冬白粉菌(Erysiphe caprifoli-acearum var. caprifoliacearum)并在其上首次发现重寄生菌——白粉寄生孢(Ampelomyces quisqualis)。根据采集的材料对其进行了详细的形态描述和显微拍照。研究标本保存于青岛农业大学真菌标本室(HMQAU)。     

青岛崂山的重寄生菌白粉寄生孢及其寄主多样性

2005－2007年从青岛崂山的16科30属35种植物上采集了143份白粉菌样品,经形态鉴定分属于7属22种。其中40份样品中检测到白粉寄生孢Ampelomyces quisqualis,其寄主植物属于8科14属15种,其寄主真菌属于7属10种白粉菌。统计分析发现,多孢穆氏节丝壳上白粉寄生孢的发生率和重寄生强度均为最高;群落组成分析发现,棕丝单囊壳为白粉寄生孢寄主真菌中的优势种,其重要值为89.22%;菊科为白粉寄生孢寄主植物中的优势科,其重要值为97.85%。     

一株蝉花虫草菌重寄生真菌的分离鉴定

报道了1种新的昆虫-昆虫病原菌-重寄生菌三级营养关系,其中蝉若虫被昆虫病原真菌蝉花Cordyceps chanhua感染,而蝉花又被重寄生真菌寄生.经形态学观察和分子生物学鉴定该重寄生真菌为寄生凹孢Syspastospora parasitica.柯赫氏法则验证结果表明:该重寄生真菌可以重寄生于蝉花Cordyceps ...     

短小芽孢杆菌AR03对烟草赤星病菌和白粉病菌的防治

采用对峙培养法、凹玻片法、LB琼脂培养基萌发法测定短小芽孢杆菌AR03对烟草赤星病菌和白粉病菌的抑制作用.结果表明： AR03菌液对2种病菌的菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发均有明显的拮抗作用;对赤星病菌的抑制作用表现为:经AR03菌液原液(3×10⁸cfu·mL^-1)处理的菌丝隔间变短、肿胀且集结成团,内含物聚集,菌丝顶端生长膨大畸形;经该菌液处理的赤星病菌分生孢子不萌发或萌发产生畸形芽管,分生孢子变形、肿大,纵横分隔部分的组织膨胀呈泡状.AR03菌液原液、30倍液和200倍液对白粉病菌分生孢子萌发的平板抑制率分别为100%、91.4%和 69.3%,菌液对分生孢子萌发的破坏作用表现为分生孢子不萌发,细胞肿胀变形、细胞原生质解体或收缩,孢子内、外壁分离,由于原生质外泄,一些分生孢子内部呈中空状.温室防治试验结果表明： 不同浓度AR03菌悬液处理对烟草白粉病的防治效果存在显著差异,第二次药后7和15 d,AR03菌液原液的防治效果分别达到83.8%和90.3%,与对照药剂差异不显著;而100倍稀释液的防效分别为70.0%和73.3%,与对照药剂差异显著.AR03菌株防治白粉病的持效期为30 d以上.     

武夷山白粉菌新种

本文描述了武夷山白粉菌的3个新分类单位。它们是寄生于大戟科连氏野桐上的新种野桐白粉菌(Erysiphe malloti sp.nov.),忍冬科白马桑上的新种锦带花白粉菌(Erysipheweigelae sp.nov.),以及绣球科圆锥绣球上的新种绣球钩丝壳(Uncinula hydrangeae sp.nov.)。绣球科是钩丝壳属真菌寄主科的世界新纪录。新种均有汉文和拉丁文描述以及建立新种的讨论。     

白粉菌属一新种——南非金钟花白粉菌

寄生于南非金钟花（PhygeliuscapensisE.May）上的白粉菌属新种:南非金钟花白粉菌ErysiphephygeliiWangetZhangsp.nov.。模式标本分别保存于云南农业大学植病所真菌标本室（MHYAU）和中科院微生物所真菌标本室（HMAS）。     

白粉菌属一新种──南非金钟花白粉菌

寄生于南非金钟花（PhygeliuscapensisE.May）上的白粉菌属新种:南非金钟花白粉菌ErysiphephygeliiWangetZhangsp.nov.。模式标本分别保存于云南农业大学植病所真菌标本室（MHYAU）和中科院微生物所真菌标本室（HMAS）。     

中国白粉菌的四个新记录分类群

报道了中国白粉菌科Erysiphaceae的四个新记录分类群,即:寄生于大刺儿菜上的梅厄白粉菌日本变种Erysiphemayoriivar.japonica,寄生于铺地委陵菜上的瑟门白粉菌Erysiphethuemenii,寄生于美女樱上的马鞭草高氏白粉菌Golovinomycesverbenae以及寄生于牻牛儿苗和老鹳草属上的老鹳草新白粉菌Neoerysiphegeranii。研究标本保存在赤峰学院菌物标本室(CFSZ)。     

宁夏灌区小麦白粉病菌子囊壳的存活力

在宁夏灌区,小麦白粉病菌（Erysiphegraminisf.sp．tritici）子囊壳的存活力可达9个月以上。在不同发育时期,以贮存于4℃冰箱里的子囊壳存活率为最高;埋在小麦种子中的次之;置于室外的最低。大气温度和湿度对子囊壳存活力有影响,而以夏季高温为重。     

西洋参白粉病病原鉴定

近年在吉林省栽培的西洋参上发现自粉病,经致病性测定和对病原菌种的鉴定,结果表明：该病害是由人参白粉菌（Erysiph panacis Baiet Liu）所致。     

Genetics of Powdery Mildew Resistance in Barley

A comprehensive, critical review on the present knowledge regarding the genetics of resistance of barley to the powdery mildew fungus is presented. The review deals with six kinds of resistance: Race-specific resistance; Mlo resistance; partial resistance; induced resistance; passive resistance; and non-host resistance. Most of the sections are subdivided into: phenotype of the interaction; resistance mechanisms; and genetics. A distinction is made between three groups of genes involved in the defense of plants to diseases: those that serve exclusively to mediate resistance; those that are mobilized to strengthen the plants' defense; and those that serve exclusively functions other than disease defense, but may bring about resistance. The more than 200 gene symbols assigned to race-specific mildew resistance genes over time are summarized and revised to 85 symbols that may be considered valid.     

The First Record and Characterization of Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe pachypodiae sp. nov.) on Pachypodium lamerei (Apocynaceae)

During the summer and autumn of 1999, symptoms of powdery mildew disease were first observed on Pachypodium lamerei in the Czech Republic. White lesions of irregular shape appeared on leaf margins and spread towards the central vein of the leaf, often followed by necrosis of leaf tissue. In the spring of 2000, the sexual stage (cleistothecia) also appeared on infected leaves. Based on the observations of the morphology of its anamorph and teleomorph stage as well as on results from inoculation experiments, the identity and origin of this powdery mildew species are discussed. Based on the pseudoidium anamorph, this fungus may be clearly assigned to Erysiphe emendation, probably to section Uncinula, since the cleistothecial appendages are non‐mycelioid and occassionally circinate at the apex. The fungus is described as a new species Erysiphe pachypodiae sp. nov.     

受白粉菌诱导大麦抗感等基因系蛋白质变化的双向电泳分析

分别对接种与否的大麦抗—感白粉病等基因系—叶期幼苗取材进行蛋白质双向电泳分析。结果表明,病原的侵入使抗—感两系在30Kd以下的低分子量区域的蛋白质发生了明显变化。接种48小时之后,抗病系在pH5.5、6.0、6.8及8.8附近出现了对照中所没有的蛋白质,而在pH6.0和8.8附近的蛋白质则较对照有减小的趋势;感病系在pH6.0附近蛋白质明显增多,在pH8.8处不仅在量上有大幅度提高,而且种类也有增加。结果还表明,抗—感系间在未接种的情况下双向电泳图谱也有差异,接种之后由于感病系在pH8.8处蛋白质的特异性合成,使抗—感两系间的差异缩小。     

香薷叶表皮腺毛及其分泌黄酮类物质的组织化学研究

利用光学显微技术和扫描电镜技术,研究了香薷营养生长期和生殖生长期的枝条上部、中部、下部叶片的腺毛种类、分布及数量;采用组织化学染色和荧光显微技术,观察香薷腺毛分泌黄酮类物质的过程,探讨香薷叶表皮腺毛的泌香机理,为生产中确定提取香薷黄酮类物质的最佳取材时期提供依据。结果表明:(1)香薷叶表皮有头状腺毛和盾状腺毛,成熟的头状腺毛包括基细胞、柄细胞和头部,头部较小,呈半圆球型,直径为(20±2)μm;发育近成熟的盾状腺毛头部较大,呈盾状,直径为(60±5)μm。(2)香薷叶片远轴面和近轴面均有腺毛的分布,远轴面分布较多,近轴面分布较少;盾状腺毛主要分布在叶的远轴面,头状腺毛在叶的两面均有分布;腺毛密度随节位的降低而减少,节位相同时,营养生长期叶片上的腺毛密度(283.9个/mm2)高于生殖生长期(194.4个/mm2)。(3)香薷头状腺毛和盾状腺毛均能分泌黄酮类物质,且随着腺毛的发育成熟,黄酮类物质逐渐积累于腺毛的头部。     

The Effects of Temperature on the Incubation and Latent Periods of Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe polygoni) on Clematis

The effects of temperature on the length of the incubation and latent periods of clematis powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe polygoni , were studied. At constant temperatures over the range of 10–29°C, the length of the incubation period ranged from 4 to 11 days, and the length of the latent period ranged from 4 to 13 days; no visible colonies developed at 30°C after 19 days. The relationship between temperature and the rates of fungal development within the incubation and latent periods (expressed as the reciprocal of the lengths of the incubation and latent periods) under constant temperature were described well by a non-linear model. The resulting curves were not the usual form of an asymmetrically bell-shaped type; instead, they were of exponential type with the development rate increasing with increasing temperatures. The relationship between temperature and the development rate during the post-incubation (before sporulation) period was non-linear with an optimum temperature of approximately 20°C.     

遮荫对山麦冬生长特性和生物量分配的影响

研究了不同遮荫水平（遮光率分别为:对照0%、 20%、50%、70%～75%、80%～85%、92.5%）对山麦冬生长以及生物量分配特性的影响。结果表明,随着遮荫程度的加重,山麦冬的生物量增量表出现先上升后下降的趋势,在遮荫50%水平下生物量增量达到最高;随光强减弱同化物分配发生改变,叶重比增加,根重比和根冠比下降。此外,遮荫还提高了植株的含水量和冠径。我们还观察到强光环境和深度遮荫均不利于花序、分蘖和块根的形成。因此,我们认为山麦冬作为耐荫植物对光环境具有一定的适应能力,强光或严重遮荫均不利于其正常生长发育。     

海金沙胚胎发育的研究

利用石蜡切片法研究了海金沙胚胎发育过程。合子的第一次分裂面垂直于颈卵器的长轴,产生两个相等的子细胞,靠近颈卵器颈部的营养器官原始细胞和远离颈部的基足原始细胞。前者发育成子代孢子体的营养器官,后者发育成基足。胚胎在32细胞阶段后,第一叶顶端细胞与第一根顶端细胞几乎同时发生。第一叶突出帽状体之后,由第一叶基部保留下来的茎干顶端细胞产生第二叶。据营养器官的形态结构判断,在海金沙胚胎发育中最早出现的营养器官是叶和根。