养殖牡蛎体内检出坎氏弧菌的鉴定

2 0 0 3年 9月从福建近海养殖太平洋牡蛎 (Crassostreagigas)体内分离出 4株细菌 ,对它们形态、生理生化特征、盐度、温度和pH生长条件以及 16SrRNA基因序列进行了研究。结果表明 ,4株细菌均为革兰氏阴性杆菌 ,具极生单鞭毛 ,发酵葡萄糖产酸不产气 ,氧化酶阳性 ,生长需NaCl,无色素 ,不发光 ,在TCBS平板上形成中等大小圆形绿色菌落 ,对弧菌抑制剂O 12 9敏感 ,具有弧菌属的典型特征。结合 16SrRNA基因序列分析结果 ,该菌 (编号SXS1)与坎氏弧菌的亲缘关系最为接近 ,其同源性达 99 .0 % ,因此将该菌鉴定为坎氏弧菌。对该菌在环境中的分布与水产养殖动物疾病的关系进行了讨论。     

深圳海域发现东方柄涡虫

多肠目涡虫均生活于海水。2005年7月20日作者在深圳大鹏湾海边进行动物学野外实习期间,潮落时在嵌入礁石中的牡蛎壳内采集到一种多肠目涡虫,经鉴定该涡虫是东方柄涡虫(Stylochus orientalis),隶属扁形动物门、涡虫纲、多肠目、柄涡虫科,是牡蛎的头号杀手。用开壳刀撬开嵌在礁石     

太平洋牡蛎养殖技术

介绍了我国沿海常见牡蛎种类及太平洋牡蛎的生物学知识,人工育苗技术,北方海区养殖技术。     

深澳湾太平洋牡蛎养殖容量研究

文章采用方建光模型,通过对广东省南澳县深澳湾养殖环境的水温、叶绿素a、初级生产力和非养殖滤食性动物生物量的调查,结合室内测定的不同规格壳长的太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)的滤水率,并参照非养殖滤食性动物相应的滤水率,对深澳湾各月份不同规格太平洋牡蛎养殖容量进行估算。研究发现,深澳湾各规格的太平洋牡蛎最大养殖容量出现在1月份和2月份,最小养殖容量出现在5月份。各规格的太平洋牡蛎年平均养殖容量分别为:壳长3.5～5.0 cm的太平洋牡蛎年平均养殖容量为27 ind/m²,壳长5.5～7.0 cm的太平洋牡蛎年平均养殖容量为16 ind/m²,壳长7.5～9.0 cm的太平洋牡蛎年平均养殖容量为17 ind/m²,壳长9.5～11.0 cm的太平洋牡蛎年平均养殖容量为16 ind/m²。     

深圳海域养殖牡蛎卫生质量状况(II)——农药、微生物及麻痹性贝毒的含量与评价

为了了解深圳海域养殖牡蛎体内的卫生质量状况,我们于2002年1月～2004年2月对该海域养殖牡蛎体内的污染物水平进行了检测,结果显示六六六(BHC)为ND(未检出)～0.100mg?Kg-1湿重,DDT为0.004～0.255mg·Kg-1湿重,细菌总数为ND～9.3104Ind·g-1,大肠菌群为ND～5.6104Ind·(100g)-1,PSP为ND～34礸·(100g)-1,副溶血性弧菌沙井和后海的近江牡蛎检测结果为阳性,其余站位未检出。参照GB18406.4-2001《农产品安全质量无公害水产品安全要求》,深圳海域养殖牡蛎的六六六、DDT、细菌总数和PSP完全符合要求,沙井和后海的近江牡蛎副溶血性弧菌超标,所有站位的大肠菌群均存在超标。综合重金属的检测结果发现,所有站位的牡蛎均有多个污染物超标,卫生质量欠佳,珠江口和深圳湾的近江牡蛎较大亚湾和大鹏湾的长牡蛎和褶牡蛎卫生质量更差。     

太平洋牡蛎同化率的研究

在室内实验条件下,研究了体重、饵料密度和质量对太平洋特蛎同化率的影响。结果表明,太平洋牡蛎的滤水率、摄食率随个体的增大而增加,并且都符合幂函数模式：ＦＲ（ＩＲ）αＷ＾ｂ。太平洋牡蛎同化率与其个体大小的关系不明显。饵丰度和质量是影响太平洋牡蛎同化率的重要因素,随食物中有机和的含量（ＰＯＭ／ＴＰＭ）的啬太平洋牡蛎的同化率也增加,随铒料密度的增加而降低。     

深圳海域养殖牡蛎卫生质量状况(Ⅱ)——农药、微生物及麻痹性贝毒的含量与评价

为了了解深圳海域养殖牡蛎体内的卫生质量状况,我们于2002年1月～2004年2月对该海域养殖牡蛎体内的污染物水平进行了检测,结果显示六六六(BHC)为ND(未检出)～0.100mg·Kg^-1湿重,DDT为0.004～0.255mg·Kg^-1湿重,细菌总数为ND～9.3×10⁴Ind·g^-1,大肠菌群为ND～5.6×10⁴Ind·(100g)^-1,PSP为ND～34μg·(100g)^-1,副溶血性弧菌沙井和后海的近江牡蛎检测结果为阳性,其余站位未检出。参照GB18406.4-2001《农产品安全质量无公害水产品安全要求》,深圳海域养殖牡蛎的六六六、DDT、细菌总数和PSP完全符合要求,沙井和后海的近江牡蛎副溶血性弧菌超标,所有站位的大肠菌群均存在超标。综合重金属的检测结果发现,所有站位的牡蛎均有多个污染物超标,卫生质量欠佳,珠江口和深圳湾的近江牡蛎较大亚湾和大鹏湾的长牡蛎和褶牡蛎卫生质量更差。     

太平洋牡蛎养殖与野生群体遗传变异的微卫星研究

应用微卫星标记技术研究5个中国太平洋牡蛎养殖群体和2个日本太平洋牡蛎野生群体的遗传变异。研究中所使用的7个微卫星位点在养殖和野生群体中都显示出了高多态性,平均等位基因数为19.1～29.9,平均期待杂合度为0.916～0.958。养殖群体和野生群体的平均等位基因丰度及观察杂合度没有显著性差异。遗传分化系数及等位基因杂合度分析显示所有的群体间都有显著性差异。构建的NJ树中,7个群体聚为3支,养殖群体和野生群体可以清楚地分开,在养殖群体中又分为南北两支。分配检验中,97%～100%的正确率证明了微卫星标记在群体识别分析中的可行性。本研究结果对太平洋牡蛎管理模式的设计和选择育种具有重要意义。     

太平洋牡蛎同化率的研究

在室内实验条件下,研究了体重、饵料密度和质量对太平洋牡蛎同化率的影响.结果表明,太平洋牡蛎的滤水率、摄食率随个体的增大而增加,并且都符合幂函数模式:FR(IR)=aW^b.太平洋牡蛎同化率与其个体大小的关系不明显.饵料丰度和质量是影响太平洋牡蛎同化率的重要因素.随食物中有机物含量(POM/TPM)的增加,太平洋牡蛎的同化率也增加,随饵料密度的增加而降低.     

牡蛎肽对小鼠免疫功能影响的研究

目的：研究牡蛎肽对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：将牡蛎肽按0.5、1、2g/kgBW配置为不同浓度,ICR雌性小鼠按0.2 mL/10 g BW经口灌胃30d后,测定免疫器官重量、迟发型变态反应（足趾增厚法）、抗体生成细胞、血清溶血素含量,并镜观察胸腺组织形态。结果：牡蛎肽可以增加免疫器官相对重量和血清溶血素含量,并能显著增加抗体生成细胞和迟发型变态反应（P<0.05）。结论：牡蛎肽可在一定程度上增强小鼠免疫功能。     

The ultrastructure of the oyster brown cell,a cell with a fenestrated plasma membrane

Summary The oyster brown cell, a connective tissue cell of uncertain function and affinity, was characterized in the electron microscope by (1) the presence of large cytoplasmic granules, (2) fenestrations of the plasma membrane, and (3) an extensive tubular network originating in, or emptying into, the plasma membrane fenestrations. The brown cell did not appear to be a cell involved in glycogen storage or in the manufacture of exportable protein. The extensive tubular network and the membrane slits suggested that the brown cell may have been involved in the processing of biological fluids.This work was supported in part by Public Health Service Contract No. 5 To 1 ES00038-02, Health Sciences Advancement Award No. RR06138, and Tumor Biology Training Grant, NIH CA 05245.We wish to thank Miss Grete Nilsen for her expert technical assistance and Mr. Bob Munn for his help in the use of the electron microscope and for proof reading our MS. Our appreciation is also extended to Dr. J. Luft, Dr. A. K. Sparks, Miss P. Phelps, Mr. M. DeVault, and to the personnel of the Johnson Oyster Company, Inverness.     

Floral composition and diversity of the lagos coastal environment,South-Western,Nigeria

The present study investigates the floral diversity of the Lagos coastal environments by sampling 21 points using the quadrat method. The study revealed two major aquatic ecosystem types (mangrove and freshwater swamp) and recorded 125 species belonging to 108 genera and 49 families. While Alchornea cordifolia and Raphia hookeri were found as the most frequent, Acalypha crenata and Acrostichum aureum were the least abundant species. The highest and lowest species-rich locations were Unilag (n = 125 species) and Abule Osun (n = 2 species), respectively. The vegetation structure of the LCE is dominated by herbaceous species. Our findings provide insights on the flora diversity of the LCE, and a guideline for the effective conservation of near-threatened species such as Nauclea diderrichii and Mitragyna stipulosa in this coastal ecosystem is presented.     

深圳近海表层浮游细菌分布特征及其环境影响因素

于2015年3月、5月、8月和10月在深圳市近岸海域(珠江口、深圳湾和大亚湾)采集表层水样,利用流式细胞仪测定总浮游细菌、高DNA含量亚群细菌(HNA)、低DNA含量亚群细菌(LNA)的丰度,分析它们的时空分布特点,阐释环境因子对浮游细菌时空分布格局的影响。结果表明,珠江口、深圳湾和大亚湾海域表层浮游细菌的平均丰度依次降低,分别为3.82×10~6个/mL、7.67×10~6个/mL和3.38×10~6个/mL。珠江口海域浮游细菌丰度由远岸到近岸递增,深圳湾海域湾内各站位浮游细菌丰度差异较小,大亚湾海域浮游细菌丰度空间差异不显著(P0.05)。浮游细菌丰度时间差异主要受温度影响,空间差异主要受营养盐和叶绿素a影响。HNA亚群丰度时空差异性比LNA亚群的大,HNA亚群受温度影响显著(P0.01),而LNA亚群与温度相关性不显著(P0.05)。环境对HNA和LNA亚群丰度的影响有许多相似之处,但两者对某些环境因子有着不同的响应,说明它们在近海表层生态系统中可能扮演着部分重叠但略有不同的角色。     

深圳市宝安区土地利用问题

广东省深圳市宝安区人均土地仅０．０６５ｈｍ２,人地矛盾突出;工业用地偏大,农业用地严重不足。土地利用较粗放,土地环境质量下降。必须以全局观点,优化土地利用结构,提高整体效益。挖掘土地潜力,开发利用荒山、海涂,利用推平未建土地。城建用地挖掘内部潜力。保护农业用地和水源用地。完善绿化系统,改善生态环境,提高土地质量,使土地可持续利用。     

Proliferative zones in the brain of the Amur sturgeon fry. Interactions with neuromeres and migration of secondary matrix zones

Neurogenesis in the forebrain region was studied in the Amur sturgeon Acipenser schrenki fry using immunocytochemical marking of the proliferative nuclear antigen. The brain zones with high proliferative activities were located at the brain ventricle surface facing the periventricular cavity. In addition to the periventricular zone of primary proliferation, several secondary proliferative zones were found in the forebrain region of the Amur sturgeon Acipenser schrenki.     

气候变化影响下海岸带脆弱性评估研究进展

近百年来,全球气候系统正经历着以全球变暖为主要特征的显著变化。研究海岸带系统对气候变化的响应机制,评估气候变化对海岸带社会、经济和生态的潜在影响,提出切实可行的应对策略,是保障海岸带系统安全的重要前提。回顾了IPCC的四次评估报告,分析了全球气候变化对海岸带的影响。总结了海岸带脆弱性评估框架以及脆弱性评价指标体系,综述了国内外气候变化影响下海岸带脆弱性评估研究的进展。在综述国内外该领域研究进展的基础上,展望了气候变化影响下海岸带脆弱性评估研究。全球气候变化及其对海岸带的影响还有大量的科学技术问题需要进一步探讨,同时也需要对各种适应气候变化措施的可行性和有效性进行研究和验证。     

The oyster vasa-like gene: a specific marker of the germline in Crassostrea gigas

The vasa gene is a key determinant for germline formation in eukaryotes. This gene, highly conserved through evolution, encodes a RNA helicase protein member of the DEAD-box family. To understand the germline formation in oyster, we report here the isolation and the characterization of a vasa orthologue in Crassostrea gigas (Oyvlg). OyVLG contained the eight consensus domains of the DEAD-box including those providing RNA unwinding activity. The expression pattern of Oyvlg was examined in adult oyster tissues at different reproductive stages. Its expression was restricted to germline cells both in males and females, including germinal stem cells and auxiliary cells. The expression of Oyvlg, strongest in early germ cells, decreased as the maturation proceeded. These data and the evolutionary conservation observed suggested the role of Oyvlg in germline development. Oyvlg is the first germ cell specific marker in oyster and will be very useful in studies of oyster germline formation.     

深圳海域近20年赤潮发生的特征分析

本文根据深圳海域1981-2002年发生的93起赤潮记录,综合分析了赤潮发生的特征,可归纳为5点：①深圳海域的赤潮多发区位于大鹏湾、大亚湾和深圳圳湾,其中大鹏湾的盐田水域、大亚湾两部的东山和坝光水域、深圳湾的后海与东角头水域为赤潮多发地段;②赤潮发生的频率增高,赤潮持续时间延长;③全年中有两个赤潮多发季节,主要集中在3～5月,其次为9～11月;④赤潮引发种类丰富,约有39种,其中甲藻最多,其次为硅藻,具有一定的区域分布特征;⑤赤潮引发种类具有明显的演替规律,不断有新的种类引发赤潮。     

深圳市土地利用变化对流域径流的影响

土地利用所引起的流域下垫面变化严重影响着洪涝灾害的致灾过程,以深圳市为例,探讨下垫面条件对流域径流过程的影响,应用美国农业部水土保持局（Soil Conservation Service)研制的小流域设计洪水模型-SCS模型对深圳市部分流域进行了径流过程的模拟,重点分析 了土地利用方式、土壤类型、前期土壤湿润程度等下垫面因素以及降雨因素对降雨-径流关系的影响。结果表明,随着人类活动的加剧,土地利用的变化使径流量趋于增大;降雨强度越大、前期土壤湿润程度而发生变化,CN值（Curve Number)的高值区主要集中在城市用地和水体;低值区主要出现在林地、灌草地、果园等植被覆盖较好,地势起伏较大的地区。     

Prismatic cristae and paracrystalline inclusions in mitochondria of myocardial cells of the oyster Crassostrea virginica Gmelin

Summary Several types of unusual mitochondrial configurations were found in myocardial cells of the oyster Crassostrea virginica Gmelin. These mitochondria include, in order of frequency, prismatic cristae, filamentous paracrystals in honeycomb and herringbone configurations, and paracrystals composed of rows of electron dense particles. The long, parallel, evenly spaced prismatic cristae are square or rhomboidal in cross section. In the space between the prismatic cristae are rodlike structures (4–6 nm in diameter) that are regularly spaced about 12nm apart and appear to pass between adjacent cristae. Filamentous paracrystals are observed in slender, elongated mitochondria. The filament spacing and form of these paracrystals suggest that they are composed of the intercristal rods. Alternatively, filamentous paracrystals might be tangential sections of prismatic cristae and intercristal rods. Particulate paracrystals which consist of dense lines or rows of particles are the least frequent type of unusual configuration. The particles are triangular, possibly pyramidal, in shape; their bases are 10–12 nm thick and repeat in rows every 17–18 nm. There is a close association between particulate paracrystals and prismatic cristae plus intercristal rods. Although similar mitochondrial configurations have been associated with disease or altered metabolism in a number of species, we have found no such association in the oyster as yet.Supported in part by the Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium, through NOAA, Dept. of Commerce under grant no. NA 79AA-D-0049We wish to thank Ms. Barbara M. Hyde, Ms. Patricia A. Vermiere and Mr. Robert Allen for their technical assistance