辽宁锡伯族红绿色盲率

红绿色盲属于X连锁隐性遗传疾病。1988年5月采用俞自萍绘制的《色盲检查图》(1982年第四版,第九次印刷),对沈阳市市郊的锡伯族居民进行了调查。其中男789人,女630人,共计1419人。受检者年龄7—60岁。检查发现男性色盲(弱)40人,色盲率为5.07％。女性色盲(弱)2人,色盲率为0.32％。男性色盲率平方与女性色盲率之比为0.80。     

国人眶外侧壁的孔和沟的观察

本文对236例(472侧)中国成人颅骨的脑膜中动脉眶支沟、脑膜中动脉眶支孔和眶外侧沟进行了观察。主要结果如下:脑膜中动脉眶支孔的出现率为55.9％;眶外侧沟的出现率为17.6％,其中双侧出现的有24例,占10.2％。     

孟高棉语族未识别民族的体质特征

为了探究孟高棉语族未识别民族族群特征,研究组以412名(男性220人,女性192人)云南孟高棉语族未识别民族成人为例,运用人体测量学方法对该族群男女头面部与体部58项指标及20个指数进行测量和分析,并选取头长、头宽、面宽、形态面高、身高、坐高、肩宽、骨盆宽8项指标与30个已研究族群进行比较。结果表明:1)男性各项体质指标除大腿围和6项皮褶厚度指标外,都大于女性各项指标,男女身高均以矮型为主;2)孟高棉语族未识别民族男性上眼睑皱褶率为88.2%,女性上眼睑皱褶率为94.3%。男性蒙古褶率为41.8%,女性蒙古褶率为36.5%。鼻根高度男性以中等型为主,女性以低平为主。耳垂类型男性以圆形率为主,女性以三角形率为主;3)依据指数分型出现率得出:孟高棉语族未识别民族男女均以圆头型、高头型、阔头型、狭鼻型、中腿型、中胸型、宽肩型率最高;4)聚类分析和主成分分析显示孟高棉语族未识别民族与布朗族、基诺族、布依族、侗族比较接近。遗传因素、环境条件与饮食习惯是这些民族体质特征接近的原因。     

宁夏回、汉族皮纹学研究(Ⅱ)——掌纹

采用随机整体抽样方法分析了宁夏回、汉族掌纹样本共计614份,回族262人(男性129人,女性133人),汉族352人(男性206人,女性146人).结果表明:1)宁夏回族tPD值显著高于汉族(P<0.01),两民族tPD与atd均呈高度相关;2)两民族间手大、小鱼际出现率均无显著差异,但左手出现率显著高于右手(P<0.01);3)宁夏回族左手掌主线指数显著高于汉族(P<0.01),两民族均表现C线发育不良的出现率显著低于C线缺失的出现频率;4)宁夏回、汉族五种掌褶纹类型的出现率在两民族间均未出现统计学差异;5)不同地区回族大鱼际出现率差异显著.     

闽南人的体质特征

在福建漳州地区调查了322例男性(城市男性为149例,乡村汉族男性为173例)和357例女性(城市女性为164例,乡村女性为193例)成人的86项体质指标,计算了24项体质指数,统计了指数分型情况,与我国族群资料进行了比较,对闽南人体质特征进行了初步分析。结果 1)闽南人有皱褶率高,有蒙古褶率低,眼裂高度眼裂多为狭窄型,眼外角多高于眼内角,鼻根高度多为中等型,直鼻背,颧部突出度多为微弱型;鼻基部男性多呈水平,女性多呈上翘;鼻翼高度多为中等,鼻孔最大径多为斜位,鼻翼较宽;男性耳垂多为圆形,女性多为三角形;上唇皮肤部高度多为中等,红唇男性薄型率、中等型均较高,女性薄型率最高,发黑,肤黄、眼褐。2)总体说来,闽南人头面部测量指标值介于北亚、南亚类型族群之间。3)从指数均数来看,闽南人男女性均为圆头型、高头型、狭面型,狭鼻型。城市女性为狭头型,城市男性、乡村男性、乡村女性为中头型。闽南人头面部指数值更接近于南亚类型族群。4)从体部指标值和体部指数来看。闽南人更接近于北亚类型族群。闽南人体质介于南亚与北亚类型族群之间,男性相对接近于北亚类型族群,女性相对接近于南亚类型族群。     

解脲脲原体感染和不孕不育关系的研究

本文报道原因不明的不孕不育夫妇(甲组)2181例,解脲脲原体培养阳性1203例,阳性率55.16％。其中男性阳性率55.48％;女性为54.92％。正常生育夫妇(乙组)366例,阳性107例,阳性率为29.03％,其中男性18.93％,女性35.04％。两组比较,无论总阳性率,还是单独男性或女性,甲组均显著高于乙组(p<0.005)。经以强力霉素为主治疗后,转阴率达83.87％,其中妊娠390人,占38.65％。作者认为解脲脲原体感染和部分原因不明不孕不育是相关的。     

珞巴族与门巴族的体质特征

在西藏米林县调查了珞巴族人的67项体质指标, 在错那县调查了门巴族人的67项体质指标, 计算了体质指数, 对珞巴族、门巴族与我国其他人群体质数据进行了比较。研究结果显示: (1)珞巴族男女均为高头型、中面型、中头型(头宽高指数)、中腿型、中胸型、中骨盆型。(2)门巴族男女均为圆头型、高头型、中面型、中鼻型、宽肩型、中胸型、中骨盆型。(3)珞巴族男性、女性均为中等型身高。门巴族男性、女性均为亚中等身高。(4)珞巴族与门巴族蒙古褶率低,上眼睑皱褶率低, 鼻翼高度以中等型率最高, 上唇皮肤部高度以中等型率最高, 发色均为黑色, 眼色褐色率最高, 肤色以黄色率最高。珞巴族耳垂以三角形率最高, 门巴族以圆型率最高。珞巴族、门巴族鼻根高度男性均以中等型率最高, 女性均以低型率最高。(5)珞巴族与门巴族体质特征很接近。他们的头面部特征与甘肃藏族、四川藏族较为接近。珞巴族、门巴族虽生活在我国南方, 体部主要测量指标值与蒙古人种北亚类型接近。     

中国客家人体质特征

按照国际学术界规定方法, 在广东和江西共调查了650例男性(城市汉族男性为305例, 乡村汉族男性为345例)和704例女性(城市女性为331例, 乡村女性为373例)客家成年人的86项体质指标, 计算了24项体质指数, 统计了指数分型情况, 与中国族群资料进行了比较, 对客家人体质特征进行了初步分析. 结果表明: (ⅰ) 客家人上眼睑有皱褶率低, 有蒙古褶率高, 眼裂狭窄且多呈眼外角高, 鼻根高度中等, 直鼻背, 男性鼻基部多上翘, 女性鼻基部3种类型比例较接近, 鼻翼高度中等型与高型出现率较高且二者较接近, 鼻孔最大径男性水平率与倾斜率较高, 女性水平率最高, 鼻翼较宽, 耳垂圆形率最高, 上唇皮肤部高度多为中等, 红唇多为薄唇, 发黑, 眼褐、肤黄. (ⅱ) 客家人男性头长值大,额最小宽、面宽、唇高、眼内角间宽值接近于北亚类型族群, 头宽、形态面高、鼻宽、口裂宽、鼻高值接近南亚类型族群; 客家人女性头长值大, 额最小宽、面宽、唇高、眼内角间宽值接近于北亚类型族群, 头宽、鼻宽、口裂宽值接近南亚类型族群. (ⅲ) 客家人城市、乡村的男性与女性身高均属于中等身材. 客家人男女性均以中头型(头长宽指数)、高头型、中头型(头宽高指数)、中鼻型、长躯干型、亚短腿型、宽肩型、窄骨盆型率最高. (ⅳ) 主成分分析结果显示, 客家人体质特征介于南亚、北亚类型族群之间, 相对更接近中国北亚类型族群.     

(革)家人的体质特征

本文分析了在贵州黄平县调查的311例(男性为159例,女性为152例)(革)家人的体质数据,与我国族群资料进行了比较,结果表明:1)(革)家人上眼睑有皱褶率较高,有蒙古褶率低,眼裂狭窄率与中等型率较高,且多呈眼外角高,鼻根高度中等,直鼻背,男性颧骨体不突出,女性颧骨体较突出,鼻基部多上翘,鼻翼高度中等,鼻孔最大径男性多为倾斜,女性水平率最高,鼻翼宽男性中等型率和宽阔型率较高,女性多为中等型,耳垂圆形率最高,上唇皮肤部高度男性以中等型率最高,女性以低型率最高,红唇厚度中唇率最高;发黑,眼褐、肤黄.2)(革)家人男性头长、形态面高值小;头宽、面宽、鼻高、唇高、眼内角间宽值接近于南亚类型族群,口裂宽值接近于北亚类型族群,额最小宽、鼻宽值介于北亚、南亚类型族群之间,女性形态面高、鼻高值小,头长、头宽、额最小宽、面宽、鼻宽、唇高值接近于南亚类型族群,口裂宽、眼内角间宽值接近于北亚类型族群.3)(革)家人男性与女性身高均属于矮身材.(革)家人男性为圆头型、高头型、狭头型、阔面型、中鼻型,女性为中头型、高头型、中头型、中面型、中鼻型.(革)家人男女性均为中躯干型、宽肩型、宽骨盆型.男性还为中胸型、亚长腿型,女性还为宽胸型、中腿型.4)(革)家人属于蒙古人种南亚类型族群,与周围苗族体质特征存在较大差异.     

上海居民Hp血清型的分析研究(第一报)

本文使用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术检查了上海地区健康男、女居民共1,231人的Hp血清型的分布状况。Hp各型的出现频度是Hp1-1型9.91％,Hp2-1型35.34％,Hp2-2型53.94％,HpO型0.81％。其基因频率H_p~1:0.2572,H_p~2:0.6650,H_p~0:0.0778。χ~2:1.5528。P>0.2。Hp血清型除有上述4型外,还有2-1Ca型、2-1M型、J-1型以及过去文献上尚未提及的K-1型等。Hp各型在男女性别上的出现频度是1-1型男性:8.36％,女性:9.07％;2-1型男性:29.12％,女性:31.51％;2-2型男性:55.5％,女性:52.14％,其他变异型数值在两性之间也几乎相等。至于Hp各型与ABO血型的关系,与其他各血型系的相互关系同样未见特殊的相关性。     

国人颈椎横突孔的形态观察与测量

本文作者用精密度为0.02毫米的游标卡尺对东北地区出土的100副成套颈椎,1200个颈椎横突孔的诸径进行了测量,得到了一系列数据,并对颈椎横突孔的形状(将它分为五型)及一些特异颈椎进行了观察,根据这些材料探讨了横突孔与椎动脉的关系。     

颅底孔在多层CT三维重建中的测量研究

探讨颅底MSCT三维重建图像效果及主要孔的正常值,采用多层螺旋CT(MSCT),对200名正常成人(男100名,女100名)进行颅脑扫描,利用电子计算机三维重建程序立体地显示颅底外面的卵圆孔、棘孔、颈动脉管外口、破裂孔、茎乳孔、枕骨大孔,并观察其形态和测出其内径及其性差。     

Transverse relationships of the infraorbital foramina in cleft and noncleft individuals

An evaluation of the location of the infraorbital foramina in a transverse plane was undertaken by direct skull and radiographic measurements in unrepaired cleft palate and age- and sex-matched noncleft individuals. Physioprints were obtained on six dry skulls with left-sided clefts of the primary and secondary palates and on six age- and sex-matched noncleft palate skulls. The left infraorbital foramen was found to be significantly superior in a transverse plane to the right infraorbital foramen in the cleft palate skulls. No significant differences in transverse location of the infraorbital foramina were found in the cleft skull group based on differences in sex or age. Posterior-anterior cephalographs were obtained on 15 left unilateral cleft palate individuals and on age- and sex-matched noncleft palate individuals. The location of the infraorbital foramina in a transverse plane in the posterior-anterior cephalographs was found to be too variable to permit the use of parametric statistical tests. When the data on location of the infraorbital foramina were analyzed by a nonparametric statistical test it was found that the left infraorbital foramen was significantly superior to the right infraorbital foramen in the cleft palate individuals. The more superiorly placed infraorbital foramen on the cleft side was suggestive of a vertical deficiency of the maxilla on the cleft side.     

胫骨判定性别的逐步判别分析

西安地区现代成人男女各50例的胫骨,进行12项测量,用逐步判别分析的方法进行研究。其结果:仅用下段宽判定性别,准确性达71％;而用下段宽,下段矢径和滋养孔平面最大矢径判定性别,准确性可达77％。并将该结果与美国白人和黑人的有关资料进行了对比。     

Mylohyoid and jugular foramen bridging in pre-Columbian Chileans

The occurrence of mylohyoid groove bridging and jugular foramen bridging was determined in a population of adult Pre-Columbian Chileans. Two hundred forty-one crania (110 males, 131 females) were examined for jugular foramen bridging and 464 mandibles (252 males and 212 females) were observed for mylohyoid groove bridging. The overall incidence of jugular foramen bridging was 14.94%, with females showing a higher occurrence (18.32%) than males (10.91%); however, no statistical significance was found between the sexes. The right side showed a greater incidence than the left, but again no statistical difference was noted and the occurrence of this trait was found to be associated between the sides. This frequency of jugular foramen bridging is higher than that found in other studies and approaches that reported in North American Eskimo populations. In the case of mylohyoid groove bridging, the incidence was 4.09% with no difference found between the sexes. This frequency of occurrence is less than the values reported previously for the other American populations of Mongoloid ancestry including the Pre-Columbian Peruvian population. The importance of nonmetric skeletal traits for defining population groups and their usefulness as anthropological tools is discussed. It is concluded that hard tissue variations such as bony bridging may be reliable markers to aid in discretely identifying population groups, but their importance can be significantly enhanced by coupling as many traits as possible in future studies.     

Birotundal diameter of the human sphenoid bone from age six years to early adulthood

Longitudinal data for a twenty-year period are presented for a dimension of the human sphenoid bone as seen on postero-anterior roentgenograms of 22 males and 18 females (healthy, American-born Caucasoids). Birotundal diameter measured as the distance between the centers of the right and left foramen rotundum averaged near 32.0 mm for each sex at age 6 years. Individual increase in size to age 26 years ranged between 3.2 mm and 8.3 mm. There is no correlation between size at age 6 years and change between this age and early adulthood. For 54 males and 50 females at age 9 years, intercorrelations were obtained among six variables: birotundal diameter, head breadth, bizygomatic diameter, bigonial diameter, upper and loweer dental arch widths at the permanent first molars. The r's were nonsignificant or low positive (with the exception of upper-lower dental arch, r = 0.76). The results of this study are aligned with three previous studies of human cranial base width.     

菱臼齿兽((犭亚)目、哺乳纲)耳区的骨骼结构

本文详细描述了菱臼齿兽耳区各个部分的基本结构;并指出了耳区结构与某些啮齿类的相似性,以及中耳鼓泡组成成份与戈壁(犭亚)兽(Anagale gobiensis)的区别。     

A study of some rostrofacial indices related to regional anaesthesia of the porcine: implications as an animal model for dental research

There has been a widespread use of pigs in medical and biomedical training and research due to  many similarities in the morphophysiology of tissues between swine and humans The aim of this study was to measure some rostrofacial indices of some indigenous pigs in Nigeria, with a view to providing basic information on some clinically important parameters. Using 26 pigs, the mean values for the mandibular lenghts MDL-1 and MDL-2 were 16.74±1.76cm and 15.98±2.32cm for the males and 18.03±3.04 and 17.07±2.54 for the females. The mean distance of the infraorbital foramen to the root of the alveolus of premolar three was relatively constant between sexes and age group however, significant differences was found in the distance between the medial mental foramen and the mandibular foramen, between age group within sexes. Several lateral foramina were observed on either side of the bodies of the mandibles, with an average of 6 in the males and 7 in the females with the implications for anaesthesia discussed. With increasing use of the porcine species as experimental models for improvement of human dental implants, this work will further aid the knowledge of the regional anaesthesia of this species in dental implant studies and could be of value in the surgical intervention of priced animals. Keywords: Rostrofacial, Regional anaesthesia, Nerve block, Mastication, Morphophysiology, Pigs.     

广州莲花山水上居民体质特征调查

对莲花山164名21至70岁的水上居民男(106)、女(58)进行了活体测量、观察和摄影,并和广西壮族、广东黎族及湖南瑶族进行了比较。     

Jugular foramen and mylohyoid bridging in an Asian Indian population

The incidence of jugular foramen and mylohyoid groove bridging was studied in a population of East Asian Indian skulls (125 males and 109 females). The criteria of Dodo (J. Anat. 144:153-165, 1986) was used in the identification of a jugular bridge. There was an overall incidence of 8.1% in jugular foramen bridging, with males showing a higher rate, though the difference did not reach statistical significance. The right side showed a statistically significant greater occurrence than the left, and the trait tended to be associated between sides. The overall incidence of mylohyoid bridging was found to be 2.6%, with no difference observed between the sexes. This frequency is less than the values reported for other Asian Indian studies. Studies concerned with the incidences of nonmetric traits such as bony bridging may be useful in population studies especially when utilized in combination, thereby enhancing the value of each trait as an anthropological tool.