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1.
野生动物重引入是保护濒危种群的重要措施之一,但重引入放归地存在的疾病风险会影响重引入物种的健康并导致重引入项目的失败。疾病风险评估是用于识别、确定风险因子优先级和设计防控策略以应对风险的重要方法。为评估普氏野马(Equus przewalskii)重引入内蒙古大青山国家级自然保护区的疾病风险,本研究在传统文献研究的基础上,结合保护区内4个村庄83份家养马科动物粪便中寄生虫卵检测结果,进行专家赋分,确定威胁因子并评级,对影响普氏野马种群健康重要因素之一的寄生虫疾病进行风险评估,并提出相应的防控建议。本研究共确定了44种胃肠道寄生虫疾病,病原体分别隶属于5纲7目8科19属;其中高风险寄生虫疾病10种,中风险13种,低风险21种。小井村、奎素村和滴水村均为低风险区域,而厂汉脑包村属于高风险区域。重引入地周围的家马(E. caballus)和家驴(E. asinus)有与放归普氏野马交叉感染寄生虫的风险,但经严格的防控措施后,可以放归普氏野马。建议保护区内村庄限定家养马科动物活动范围,定期为家畜驱虫并清理圈舍,严格实行禁牧政策,增设远离村庄的普氏野马水源地,并对放归后普氏野马种群的寄生虫疾病进行长期监测与防控,从而有效防止寄生虫疾病的发生和传播。 相似文献
2.
1985年8月6日和8月22日,来自东德的5匹野马(2公3母),和来自英国的6匹野马(2公4母),先后运抵新疆乌鲁木齐市动物园。中国重引入普氏野马的基本思路是从国外引回种源,建立繁育种群,扩人圈养种群。 相似文献
3.
中国新疆放归普氏野马的繁殖状况 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
2001年8月在新疆卡拉麦里有蹄类自然保护区进行普氏野马在中国的首次再引入放归实验.2002-2006年在野外共繁殖24匹后代.平均繁殖率为38.72%,平均繁殖存活率为69.05%,繁殖季节头马的频繁更替是影响放归普氏野马繁殖率的主要因素.新生幼驹的平均死亡率为25%,其中83.3%死于头马的雄性杀婴.放归普氏野马的繁殖具有明显的季节性繁殖特征,其中有70.8%的幼驹集中在5-6月间出生,在4、5月份产驹比例分别占8.3%和37.5%.低于同期圈养18.3%和44.3%的产驹比例,6月份产驹比例占33.3%.高于同期圈养18.3%的产驹比例,结果表明:普氏野马放归后产驹高峰季节明显向后推迟,而放归后生存环境和食物资源供给方式的改变则是其繁殖季节产生推迟的主要原因. 相似文献
4.
采用MCP方法研究了2011年至2012年新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区野放普氏野马家域的变化。通过方差分析验证了年间、季节间不同群体家域及其两两重叠无差异。以家族群大小为协变量进行了野放野马家域协方差分析。利用野放野马家族大小为协变量的协方差分析分析检验了野放野马家族大小与家域关系。结果表明:(1)野马平均家域面积由2011年的(20±2)km~2/匹扩大到2012年的(30±2)km~2/匹。对部分野放群体中头马未发生更替的野马群的研究表明,随着野马群体增大,其家域面积显著增大(P0.05)。(2)单因素方差分析显示,不同野马群的家域面积在不同年份差异显著,且春季家域秋季家域夏季家域。(3)2011年不同群家域两两间相互重叠面积与群大小无显著相关(r=0.256,P=0.5800.05)。而2012年野马群家域两两之间重叠面积有显著差异(F=4.521,df=8,P0.001)。家域两两相互重叠面积与群大小显著相关(r=0.706,P=0.0330.05)。(4)不同季节间野马群家域重叠面积有显著差异(F=5.695,df=8,P0.001)。5号群、7号群和8号群的自身家域重叠面积(P0.05),3号群、6号群和9号群的家域重叠面积(P0.05)。(5)影响野放野马家域面积的生物因子有草本盖度、灌木盖度,非生物因子主要有温度、湿度、风速、最近水源地距离和最近居民点距离等。温度与草本盖度是影响野放野马家域面积大小的主要因素,两者与野放野马家域面积显著相关(P0.01)。 相似文献
5.
种群生存力分析(population viability analysis,PVA)是濒危物种保护研究的主要方法之一。自PVA提出之后,主要应用于预测濒危物种的灭绝概率。随着PVA软件的产生,其应用范围进一步扩展,甚至出现滥用和误用之例,使其准确性受到质疑。目前,PVA主要应用于濒危物种的保护与管理。本文从保护管理对策的制定与评估、再引入计划的评估和自然保护区设计与管理有效性评估三个方面进行综述;对PVA使用时的数据收集,以及模型的选择、建立和应用等需要注意的问题加以总结;从遗传数据的使用、基于个体的种群模型的发展、近交衰退和降低入侵物种的威胁等方面对PVA的应用提出展望。 相似文献
6.
马边大风顶自然保护区大熊猫种群生存力模拟分析 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
采用漩涡模型Vortex mondel 713 , 模拟了马边大风顶自然保护区大熊猫种群在未来100年内的变动趋势。结果显示: 在无交配限制、无密度制约、无近亲交配衰退等条件下, 马边大风顶自然保护区大熊猫种群数量呈下降趋势; 在考虑近交衰退的影响后, 遗传多样性水平降低, 灭绝率提高; 竹子开花虽能加速大熊猫种群的绝灭, 但由于保护区分布有多个竹种,因此并不会对大熊猫种群产生灾难性影响; 但是人为捕杀可迅速减少大熊猫种群数量, 加速其灭绝过程。因此, 对该保护区大熊猫进行保护的最重要措施就是严格控制人为捕杀, 并保护栖息地及走廊带。 相似文献
7.
四川宝兴县大熊猫种群生存力分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
宝兴县境内现有的164只大熊猫可被视为一异质种群,分为亚种群A(东河:115只)、亚种群B(西河以西:40只)及亚种群C(三岔河以下:9只).应用漩涡模型(VORTEX 8.42)对影响该异质种群未来动态的因子进行了初步分析.结果 表明:近亲繁殖对该异质种群和各亚种群的影响较为明显,随着近亲繁殖程度的加深,种群衰退的速度也越快;种群的未来发展对环境容纳量的大小变化具有高度的敏感性:环境容纳量大幅度减少时,对种群的负面影响非常严重;模拟的两种灾害因子(竹子开花和森林大火)对该种群均产生一定程度的影响,同一灾害因子,单次影响越大,种群下降越快,而发生频率较高、单次影响较小的灾害因子(如森林火灾)较发生频率低、单次影响大的灾害因子(如竹子开花)对种群的动态影响更大. 相似文献
8.
缪泸君;李言阔;叶晶;李佳;谢光勇;袁芳凯 《四川动物》2015,34(1):133-140
鄱阳湖区的獐种群是一个孤立的种群,近年来其数量急剧减少。本研究应用种群生存力分析的原理和方法,利用漩涡模型预测了鄱阳湖区獐种群在未来100 a内的种群变动趋势,并分析了不同场景下獐种群的变化趋势。结果表明:鄱阳湖区獐种群在未来100 a灭绝的概率是0.37。如果鄱阳湖区獐的栖息地进一步被破坏,獐种群的灭绝概率将大幅度增加;高概率的幼仔死亡率会使獐种群在未来100 a出现灭绝的概率为100%;灾害对种群的影响也很大,在洪灾和狩猎的双重作用下,洪灾发生频率增加将使獐种群灭绝概率增大。通过本次对鄱阳湖区獐的种群生存力分析,发现幼仔的死亡率和栖息地的破碎化是鄱阳湖区獐种群的重要制约因素,建议在獐栖息地之间设立生态走廊,加大对偷猎的打击力度,将有利于该地区獐种群的长期发展。 相似文献
9.
黄腹角雉(Tragopan caboti)为我国特有珍稀雉类。目前,其野生种群仅分布于湖南东南部、浙江南部和西南部、江西、福建、广东北部和广西东北部,估计数量约为4000只。湖南省雉类繁殖基地自1997年通过对执法检查中获得的黄腹角雉个体进行收容、救护以及驯养繁殖工作以来,该人工种群已经成功繁殖4年,至2004年年底种群数量为131只。本文利用8年的驯养繁殖过程中获得的种群生态学参数,借助漩涡模型(Vortex9.51)对该种群100年内的动态进行了模拟。结果显示,按照过去8年的生存情况,该种群在100年灭绝的概率为97%。成年雌性的高死亡率和频繁的灾害是影响种群长期存活的两个关键因素。如果成年雌性的死亡率降低到饲养后3年(2002—2004年)时的水平,种群的灭绝概率降低至5%,如果同时控制灾害的发生,其灭绝概率降至0。增加环境容纳量没有降低种群的灭绝概率和增加其增长速度,但增加环境容纳量对100年后的种群数量和基因杂合度有明显的影响。在降低成年雌性死亡率和杜绝灾害发生的情况下,可以考虑对种群进行收获(用作向野外放养),每次收获的数量应该控制在5只成年雄性和5只成年雌,开始收获时间为种群连续繁殖10年以后。降低成年雌性的死亡率、杜绝食物中毒和火灾等灾害的发生以及增加环境容纳量是该人工饲养种群长期存活和发展壮大的重要管理手段。 相似文献
10.
以甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区南片为研究案例,借助高分辨率遥感影像和GIS技术,结合具体的植被类型和功能区划,分析了2000年到2010年间自然保护区内植被长势趋势的变化。结果发现:(1)11年来各植被类型,尤其是以骆驼刺、芦苇、芨芨草为主的天然草地植被表现出了较好的长势和增长的趋势;(2)核心区和缓冲区内不存在退化的植被类型,表明自然保护区基本实现了保护目的;(3)退化的植被位于实验区的布隆吉村、桥子村和双塔村,面积为1319 hm2,占比为0.31%。由此可见甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区南片植被保护成效明显。将植被长势趋势分析同自然保护区功能区划及植被类型相结合,希望有助于识别保护要点,以便为植被保护成效评价提供参考。 相似文献
11.
Lars A. Bach Rikke B.F. Pedersen Matt Hayward Jesper Stagegaard Volker Loeschcke Cino Pertoldi 《Journal for Nature Conservation》2010,18(4):237-246
The African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) is one of Africa's most endangered species and therefore classified as endangered by IUCN. Earlier distributions included most of Africa but currently the African wild dog only has populations larger than 300 individuals in three countries (Botswana, Tanzania and South Africa). In 1998, a plan was launched in South Africa to manage sub-populations of the African wild dog in several small, geographically isolated, conservation areas. This management program involved the reintroduction of wild dogs into suitable conservation areas and periodic translocations among them. We used the stochastic population simulation model VORTEX to evaluate the Limpopo Valley Conservancy in the north of South Africa, as a possible reintroduction site for African wild dogs. The simulations showed that the size of the initial population released only had a small effect on the population dynamics. However, when individuals were supplemented and harvested over a longer period the probability of persistence increased. Number of females breeding, male mortality, and carrying capacity were key factors in the population dynamics, but according to VORTEX the severity of natural catastrophes had the greatest influence on the extinction risk and inbreeding. We suggest that the reintroduction program may be successful, if areas are properly secured, the dogs are held in a boma before release, wild animals or at least a mix of wild and captive animals are used for the release and the animals are vaccinated against rabies. It is, however, essential to continue monitoring followed by modelling efforts to re-evaluate the success of the reintroduction program. 相似文献
12.
艾氏管鼻蝠是2009 年发表的新种,其体型较小,外形与金管鼻蝠极其相似,本文以广东采集的艾氏管鼻蝠线粒体部分COI 序列片段为分子标记,对其种群遗传结构进行了初步分析,并与金管鼻蝠形态进行比较,对2个种的外形特征及分类地位进行了探讨。结果表明: (1) 本研究获得的艾氏管鼻蝠序列与BOLD 数据库中的“金管鼻蝠”序列聚为一支,遗传差异极小; (2)华南区域艾氏管鼻蝠并非单系,其种群遗传结构与种群地理分布模式不一致,贵州、广东与越南、老挝种群的亲缘关系较广西种群更近; (3)现有数据库及国内部分研究中鉴定的“金管鼻蝠”实际应为艾氏管鼻蝠。 相似文献
13.
Michalis Panteli James S.H. Vun Ippokratis Pountos Anthony J. Howard Elena Jones Peter V. Giannoudis 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2022,26(3):601
Fracture non‐union represents a common complication, seen in 5%–10% of all acute fractures. Despite the enhancement in scientific understanding and treatment methods, rates of fracture non‐union remain largely unchanged over the years. This systematic review investigates the biological, molecular and genetic profiles of both (i) non‐union tissue and (ii) non–union‐related tissues, and the genetic predisposition to fracture non‐union. This is crucially important as it could facilitate earlier identification and targeted treatment of high‐risk patients, along with improving our understanding on pathophysiology of fracture non‐union. Since this is an update on our previous systematic review, we searched the literature indexed in PubMed Medline; Ovid Medline; Embase; Scopus; Google Scholar; and the Cochrane Library using Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) or Title/Abstract words (non‐union(s), non‐union(s), human, tissue, bone morphogenic protein(s) (BMPs) and MSCs) from August 2014 (date of our previous publication) to 2 October 2021 for non‐union tissue studies, whereas no date restrictions imposed on non–union‐related tissue studies. Inclusion criteria of this systematic review are human studies investigating the characteristics and properties of non‐union tissue and non–union‐related tissues, available in full‐text English language. Limitations of this systematic review are exclusion of animal studies, the heterogeneity in the definition of non‐union and timing of tissue harvest seen in the included studies, and the search term MSC which may result in the exclusion of studies using historical terms such as ‘osteoprogenitors’ and ‘skeletal stem cells’. A total of 24 studies (non‐union tissue: n = 10; non–union‐related tissues: n = 14) met the inclusion criteria. Soft tissue interposition, bony sclerosis of fracture ends and complete obliteration of medullary canal are commonest macroscopic appearances of non‐unions. Non‐union tissue colour and surrounding fluid are two important characteristics that could be used clinically to distinguish between septic and aseptic non‐unions. Atrophic non‐unions had a predominance of endochondral bone formation and lower cellular density, when compared against hypertrophic non‐unions. Vascular tissues were present in both atrophic and hypertrophic non‐unions, with no difference in vessel density between the two. Studies have found non‐union tissue to contain biologically active MSCs with potential for osteoblastic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Proliferative capacity of non‐union tissue MSCs was comparable to that of bone marrow MSCs. Rates of cell senescence of non‐union tissue remain inconclusive and require further investigation. There was a lower BMP expression in non‐union site and absent in the extracellular matrix, with no difference observed between atrophic and hypertrophic non‐unions. The reduced BMP‐7 gene expression and elevated levels of its inhibitors (Chordin, Noggin and Gremlin) could potentially explain impaired bone healing observed in non‐union MSCs. Expression of Dkk‐1 in osteogenic medium was higher in non‐union MSCs. Numerous genetic polymorphisms associated with fracture non‐union have been identified, with some involving the BMP and MMP pathways. Further research is required on determining the sensitivity and specificity of molecular and genetic profiling of relevant tissues as a potential screening biomarker for fracture non‐unions. 相似文献
14.
Authentication of feeding fats: Classification of animal fats,fish oils and recycled cooking oils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S.M. van Ruth M. Rozijn A. Koot R. Perez Garcia H. van der Kamp R. Codony 《Animal Feed Science and Technology》2010
Classification of fats and oils involves the recognition of one/several markers typical of the product. The ideal marker(s) should be specific to the fat or oil. Not many chemical markers fulfill these criteria. Authenticity assessment is a difficult task, which in most cases requires the measurement of several markers and must take into account natural and technology-induced variation. The present study focuses on the identity prediction of three by-products of the fat industry (animal fats, fish oils, recycled cooking oils), which may be used for animal feeding. Their identities were predicted by their triacylglycerol fingerprints, their fatty acid fingerprints and their profiles of volatile organic compounds. Partial least square discriminant analysis allowed samples to be assigned successfully into their identity classes. Most successful were triacylglycerol and fatty acid fingerprints (both 96% correct classification). Proton transfer reaction mass spectra of the volatile compounds predicted the identity of the fats in 92% of the samples correctly. 相似文献
15.
There are two oligomeric types of glycyl-tRNA synthetases (GlyRSs) in genome, the alpha2beta2 tetramer and alpha2 dimer. Here, we showed that the anticodon-binding domains (ABDs) of dimeric and tetrameric GlyRSs are non-homologous, although their catalytic central domains (CCDs) are homologous. The dimeric GlyRS_ABD is fused to the C-terminal of CCD in alpha-subunit, but the tetrameric GlyRS_ABD is to the C-terminal in beta-subunit during evolution. Generally, one species only contains one oligomeric type of GlyRS, but the both oligomeric GlyRSs with the multiple homologous domains can be observed in Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum genome, nevertheless, these homologous domains are probably from different genomes. 相似文献
16.
Miguel A. Martínez‐Morales Pablo C. Cruz Alfredo D. Cuarón 《Journal of Field Ornithology》2009,80(4):317-327
ABSTRACT We assessed the current conservation status and population trends of Cozumel Curassows (Crax rubra griscomi), a critically endangered and endemic cracid of Cozumel Island, Mexico. Distance sampling was used to estimate the population size in 2005 and compare it with a previous estimate in 1995. Population viability analysis (PVA) was used to model population trends, considering ecological and environmental conditions prevailing in 1995 and 2005. Additional PVA models were constructed using different hypothetical scenarios to assess the effects of particular factors and management strategies on population trends. We estimated a population size of 372 ± 155 curassows in the island's tropical semideciduous forest, before two hurricanes hit Cozumel Island in 2005. PVA modeling predicted a steep decline in population size in the ensuing decades as a result of an increased frequency and intensity of hurricanes related to global climate change, and an observed female bias in the sex ratio likely caused by a higher mortality rate for adult males. We recommend urgent management actions for the long‐term conservation of Cozumel Curassows, including a ban on hunting, eradication of the feral fauna, particularly dogs, and implementation of a captive‐breeding program to supplement the wild population. 相似文献
17.
The 24-h time budget of a takh harem stallion (Equus ferus przewalskii) pre- and post-reintroduction
Lee Boyd 《Applied animal behaviour science》1998,60(4):291-299
Focal animal sampling was used to determine the 24-h time budget of a takh harem stallion (Equus ferus przewalskii) during the 2 weeks prior to, and the two weeks following, reintroduction into the Hustain Nuruu Steppe Reserve, Mongolia. Both before and after release, the stallion spent approximately 47% of his time grazing, 6% standing, and 5% in recumbent rest. The biggest changes to the time budget after release were a 4-fold increase in the amount of time spent moving, and a 50% decrease in the amount of time spent resting in a standing position. During the middle of the day when the temperatures were hottest, the stallion exhibited less grazing and more standing resting behaviour than in the morning or evening hours. Recumbent rest invariably occurred in the hours before dawn. 相似文献
18.
寄生物是调节小哺乳动物种群波动的因子之一。许多生物和非生物因子可影响寄生物的感染。本研究以根田鼠为对象,在野外围栏条件下测定了根田鼠肠道寄生物种类及其感染率,并分析了根田鼠建群者数量、性别、年龄及时间对寄生物感染率的影响。结果表明,根田鼠肠道寄生物有球虫、线虫和绦虫,球虫是主要寄生物, Eimeria wenrichi 为球虫中的优势种;其感染率随根田鼠建群者数量增加而增加,且随时间而显著变化。在根田鼠幼体中,高密度处理组E. wenrichi 的感染率显著高于低密度处理组,而根田鼠幼体的E. ochrogasteri 感染率显著高于成体。本研究未发现根田鼠性别间的球虫感染率差异。上述结果说明,在根田鼠种群中,球虫感染率有时间变化,且受宿主密度的制约,高密度种群引起的生前应激与当前密度制约性感染可能对球虫感染率具有耦合效应。 相似文献
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促红细胞生成素产生肝细胞(erythropoietin-producing hepatomocellular, Eph)受体是受体酪氨酸激酶家族中数量最多的成员。Eph受体与其配体肝配蛋白(Eph receptor-interacting proteins, ephrin)被统称为Eph家族蛋白,通过独特的双向信号传递在调控正常学习和记忆中扮演重要角色。近年大量的研究发现,Eph家族蛋白在多种神经精神疾病中发挥复杂而又重要的作用,主要是通过改变突触效能,参与神经元形态发生和调控基因表达等方式影响上述疾病的进程。然而,目前靶向Eph家族蛋白对阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer’s disease, AD)、焦虑症及恐惧症等疾病进行治疗的研究却为数甚微。同时,单纯以β样淀粉蛋白为靶点的抗AD药物开发均遭遇瓶颈。因此,探索Eph家族蛋白在上述疾病中的具体作用变得十分迫切。本文综述了Eph家族蛋白在AD、焦虑症和恐惧症中的最新研究进展,旨在为靶向Eph家族蛋白治疗相关疾病提供新的思路。 相似文献
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